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Hadith al-Raya: Difference between revisions
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'''Hadīth al-rāya''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|حديث الراية}}) is a narration from [[the Prophet (s)]] regarding | '''Hadīth al-rāya''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|حديث الراية}}) is a narration from [[the Prophet (s)]] regarding [['Ali (a)|Imam 'Ali's (a)]] courage and bravery in the [[Battle of Khaybar]]. Shi'a theologians use this narration to prove Imam 'Ali's (a) priority and superiority over other companions of the Prophet (s). | ||
==Raya== | ==Raya== | ||
In the time of the Prophet (s) and afterwards, a leading raya (flag), for the commander in chief, and tens of smaller flags, for the tribes and secondary commanders, would be given to the troops in a battle, which were carried by the most brave and powerful warriors of the tribes and units.<ref>Al-Tabari, ''al-Tarikh'', vol.3 p.387</ref> This kind of flag was first given to the standard-bearers in the Battle of Khaybar.<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat al-kubra'', vol.2 p.77</ref> | |||
==Content== | ==Content== | ||
In the [[Battle of Khaybar]], [[the Prophet (s)]] first gave the flag to [[Abu Bakr]], and the next day to [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], but they failed. The Prophet (s) then said: | In the [[Battle of Khaybar]], [[the Prophet (s)]] first gave the flag to [[Abu Bakr]], and the next day to [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], but they failed. The Prophet (s) then said: | ||
::"Verily tomorrow, I will give the flag to one who | ::"Verily tomorrow, I will give the flag to one who loves God and His Prophet, (and God and His Prophet love him as well). God will conquer through him, and he never escapes." | ||
Then he asked for [['Ali (a)]] whose eyes were painful, and healed him, and said: "get hold of this flag and carry it through, until God grants you conquest". 'Ali (a), carrying the flag, attacked the [[Khaybar]] fort and conquered it.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''al-Sira al-Nabawiyya'', vol.2 p.334, Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, ''al-Mustadrak'', vol.3 p.37</ref> | Then he asked for [['Ali (a)]] whose eyes were painful, and healed him, and said: "get hold of this flag and carry it through, until God grants you conquest". 'Ali (a), carrying the flag, attacked the [[Khaybar]] fort and conquered it.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''al-Sira al-Nabawiyya'', vol.2 p.334, Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, ''al-Mustadrak'', vol.3 p.37</ref> | ||
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The servant of the Prophet (s), [[Abu Rafi']], has said regarding the conquest of Khaybar: | The servant of the Prophet (s), [[Abu Rafi']], has said regarding the conquest of Khaybar: | ||
::" | ::"We went towards one of the forts of Khaybar in company of [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] who had the flag of the Prophet (s) in his hand. As he approached the castle, enemy forces came out and attacked us. In the thick of the battle, a Jew struck him and he lost his shield. 'Ali (a) then dislodged the door of the castle, used it as a shield and fought until God conquered the fort for him.<ref>Al-Dhahabi, ''Mizan al-i'tidal'', vol.2 p.218</ref> | ||
In [[ | In the [[Battle of Khaybar]], some companions of the [[Prophet (s)]], such as [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar b. al-Khattab|'Umar]], failed to conquer the fort of the [[Jews]] before the Prophet (s) assigned 'Ali (a) the task, so that by killing the Jew's commander in chief, Marhab al-Khaybari, and his brother, Yasir, and some other Jewish champions, and rushing into the castle, 'Ali (a) made them accept unconditional surrender.<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''al-Sira al-Nabawiyya'', vol.2 p.316</ref> | ||
==Authenticity== | ==Authenticity== | ||
This hadith, which is a conclusive proof of Imam 'Ali's (a) priority and superiority over other companions of the Prophet (s), is | This hadith, which is a conclusive proof of Imam 'Ali's (a) priority and superiority over other companions of the Prophet (s), is repeatedly reported in most Shi'a and Sunni hadith collections and history books and it has reached the level of [[tawatur]].<ref>Al-Amin, Muhsin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol.1 p.337</ref> | ||
Some companions who have narrated the hadith are as: [['Umar b. al-Khattab]],<ref>Al-Zirikli, ''al-A'lam'', vol.5 p.203</ref> [['A'isha]],<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat al-kubra'', vol.8 p.39</ref> [['Abd Allah b. al-'Abbas]], [[Anas b. Malik]], and [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]]<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Dhayl al-mudhayyal'', p.27</ref>. | Some companions who have narrated the hadith are as: [['Umar b. al-Khattab]],<ref>Al-Zirikli, ''al-A'lam'', vol.5 p.203</ref> [['A'isha]],<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Tabaqat al-kubra'', vol.8 p.39</ref> [['Abd Allah b. al-'Abbas]], [[Anas b. Malik]], and [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]]<ref>Al-Tabari, ''Dhayl al-mudhayyal'', p.27</ref>. | ||
The | The content of this hadith is reported in different wording in various Sunni sources such as ''al-Sira al-Nabawiyya''<ref>Ibn Hisham, ''al-Sira al-Nabawiyya'', vol.2 p.334</ref>, ''al-Mustadrak''<ref>Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, ''al-Mustadrak'', vol.4 p.356</ref>, ''Majma' al-zawa'id''<ref>Al-Haythami, ''Majma' al-zawa'id'', vol.9 p.108</ref>, ''Musnad Ahmad b. Hanbal''<ref>Ahmad b. Hanbal, ''Musnad Ahmad'', vol.1 p.23</ref>, ''Kanz al-'ummal''<ref>Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, ''Kanz al-'ummal'', vol.5 p.284</ref>, and ''Hilyat al-awliya''<ref>Hafiz Abu Na'im, ''Hilyat al-awliya'', vol.4 p.356</ref>. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||