Event of Ghadir: Difference between revisions

After performing [[Zuhr prayer]], the Prophet (s) made a speech which became famous as Ghadir Sermon. In that speech, the Prophet (s) said, "Praise belongs only to God and we ask Him for help and we believe in Him and take refuge to Him from the evil of our selves and ugliness of our actions… God, the Merciful and All-Knower informed me that I will be called (to Him) soon and I will submit to (His call)… I will come to the [[pond of Kawthar]] before you do and you come to me beside it; so beware about how you treat [[Thiqlayn]] [two great things]; [[al-Thiql al-Akbar]], the greater one is the [[al-Qur'an|Book of God]] and the other is [[Ahl al-Bayt|my household]]."

{{Main|Verse of Ikmal}}

People had not scattered yet, when Gabriel came to the Prophet (s) once more and revealed the third verse of [[Chapter al-Ma'ida]] to the Prophet (s) which is known as the [[Verse of Ikmal]]. A part of the verse reads, "Today, I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed My blessing upon you, and I have approved Islam as your religion." (5:3)

=== Congratulating Imam 'Ali (a) ===

Then, people congratulated Imam 'Ali (a) including [[Abu Bakr]] and [['Umar b. al-Khattab|'Umar]] who repeatedly said, "Happy for you O son of Abu Talib (a)! You are my Wali (guardian) and the Wali of every believing man and woman."<ref>Ahmad b. Hanbal, Vol.4, P.281; al-Mufid, P.94</ref>

The Prophet (s) ordered that a tent was erected for 'Ali (a) and ordered people to go to him group by group and salute him as the Commander of the Faithful (a); and all people, even the [[wives of the Prophet (s)]] and other women followed this order."<ref>al-Mufid, Vol,1, P.176; Qumi, Vol.1, P.268; Amini, Vol.1, PP.9,30</ref>

Regarding the capacity of the area in [[Ghadir Khum]], the population of [[Medina]] in 10 AH/632 and also the number of people who went to [[hajj]] in [[Hajjat al-Wida']], the least number reported which is 10 thousand people is more credible<ref>Sayyid Jalal Imam</ref>.

{{Main|Ghadir Sermon}}

The [[narration of Ghadir]] has been mentioned in both [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] sources and some parts of the Prophet's (s) speech are more frequently quoted such as "anyone whose guardian is me, then [['Ali (a)]] is his guardian."<ref>Mutahhari, PP.113-4</ref> The [[Companions]] and many of the [[Tabi'un|Followers]] have reported the event.

[[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], i.e. [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[Lady Fatima (a)]], [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]

 

Then a number of 110 Companions of the Prophet (s) can be seen including, [['Umar b. al-Khattab]]<ref>Muhibb al-Tabari, Vol.2, P.161</ref>, [['Uthman b. 'Affan]]<ref>Ibn al-Maghazili, P.27</ref>, [['Aisha bt. Abi Bakr]]<ref>Ibn 'Uqda, P.152</ref>, [[Salman the Persian]]<ref>al-Juwayni, Vol.1, P.315</ref>, [[Abu Dhar al-Ghifari]]<ref>al-Juwayni, Vol.1, P.315</ref>, [[Zubayr b. 'Awam]]<ref>Ibn al-Maghazili, P.27</ref>, [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]]<ref>Muttaqi al-Hindi, Vol.6, P.398</ref>, [[Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]]<ref>al-Jazri al-Shafi'i, PP.3, 48</ref>, [[Abu Hurayra]]<ref>al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Vol.6, P.154</ref>, etc. who were all present in Ghadir Khum and narrated the event directly.

Then, it also can be seen reported by 360 Sunni scholars of 2nd to 4th century AH including, the leader of Shafi'ites<ref>al-Bayhaqi, Vol.1, P.337</ref>, Hanbalites<ref>Ahmad b. Hanbal, Vol.1, PP.84, 118, 331</ref>, Ahmad b. Shu'ayb al-Nasa'i<ref>al-Nasa'i, Vol.5, P. 45</ref>, [[Ibn al-Maghazili]]<ref>Ibn al-Maghazili, P.16</ref>, Ahmad b. 'Abd Allah<ref>Ahmad b. 'Abd Allah, PP. 67,87</ref> and Ahmad b. 'Abd Rabbih<ref>Ahmad b. 'Abd Rabbih, Vol.2, P.275</ref>.

Also, many Shi'a hadith scholars have narrated the hadith of Ghadir including [[al-Shaykh al-Kulayni]], [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], [[Sayyid Murtada]], etc<ref>al-Amini, Vol.1, P.14 afterwards</ref>.

Many scholars consider hadith of Ghadir as [[Hadith Hasan|Hasan]] and some considers it [[Hadith Sahih|Sahih]]<ref>al-Tirmidhi, Vol.5, Chapter 20</ref>. Also, all Shi'a hadith scholars and some great Sunni scholars consider this hadith as [[Mutawatir]] [frequently narrated]<ref>Ibn Kathir, Vol.5, P.233; Al-Tusi, ''Talkhis al-shafi'', Vol.2, P.168</ref>.

 

# Verse 3 of [[chapter al-Ma'ida]] which is known as the [[Verse of Ikmal]] and says, "Today, I have perfected your religion for you, and I have completed My blessing upon you, and I have approved Islam as your religion."

# Verse 67 of the same chapter which is called the [[Verse of Tabligh]] [propagation] and says, "O Apostle! Communicate that which has been sent down to you from your Lord, and if you do not, you will not have communicated His message, and Allah shall protect you from the people."

# Verses 1 and 2 of [[Chapter al-Ma'arij]] which reads, "An asker asked for a punishment bound to befall (1) —which none can avert from the faithless" referring to the event that after the [[Prophet (s)]] announced the guardianship of [['Ali (a)]], a man whose name was [[Nu'man b. Harith al-Fihri]] came to the Prophet (s) and complained that, "You ordered us to acknowledge [[Unity of God]], your mission, performing [[Jihad]], [[hajj]], [[fasting]], [[prayer]] and giving [[Zakat]] and we accepted. But, you were not pleased with this much until you appointed this young man as our Wali. Is this appointment your own decision or from God?!" When the Prophet (s) answered him that it has been God's order, the man asked God disdainfully that if this order is from God, a stone fells on his head from the sky. Then, a stone fell from the sky on his head and he dropped dead and this verse was then revealed<ref>al-Tabrasi, ''Majma' al-Bayan'', Vol.10, P.530; al-Qurtubi, Vol.19, P.278; al-Tha'labi, Vol.10, P.35</ref>.

[[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said, "O Muslims, [[Immigrants]] and the [[Helpers]]! Did not you hear that the [[Prophet (s)]] said this and that on the [[day of Ghadir Khum]]?" Everyone said, "yes!"<ref>al-Saduq, ''al-Khisal'', P.505</ref>

[[Lady Fatima (a)]] said, "It is as if you do not know what the Prophet (s) said on the day of Ghadit Khum! I swear to God, the Prophet (s) appointed and upheld the position of [[Wilaya]] and [[Imamate]] for 'Ali (a) to avoid your greed to take it."<ref>al-Tabrasi, ''al-Ihtijaj'', Vol.1, P.80</ref>

[[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] said, "Muslims saw the Prophet (s) and heard him when he (s) took my father's hand on the day of Ghadir, when he (s) addressed them, 'anyone whose guardian is me, then 'Ali (a) is his guardian.'"<ref>al-Saduq, ''al-Amali'', Vol.2, P.171</ref>

[[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] said, "The Prophet (s) raised 'Ali (a) through all good manners and when strengthened 'Ali's (a) soul, appointed him for Imamate and on the day of Ghadir said, 'anyone whose guardian is me, then 'Ali (a) is his guardian.'"<ref>Reyshahri, Vol.2, P.232</ref>

| [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] || Abu l-Mustahal Kumayt  || Abu Tamam al-Ta'i || Ibn Tabataba'i Isfahani || [[al-Sharif al-Radi]] || Abu l-Hasan Fanjkurdi || Abu l-Hasan al-Mansur Bi Allah || [[Ibn Dawud al-Hilli]] || Ibn al-'Arandus al-Hilli || Ibrahim b. al-Kaf'ami || Ibn Abi Shafayn al-Bahrani

== Eid Ghadir in Islam ==

[[Muslims]], especially [[Shi'a]] have always regarded the day of Ghadir one of the greatest eids and this day is known to them as [[Eid Ghadir]]<ref>Abu Rayhan Biruni, P.95</ref>.

It has been esteemed so much that making allegiance with Musta'li b. Mustansar (an Egyptian ruler) was held on the Eid Ghadir Khum 487 AH/1094<ref>Ibn Khalkan, Vol.1, P.60</ref>. Also, it is narrated by Sunni scholars that anyone who fasts [[18 Dhu al-Hijjah|18th of Dhu al-Hijjah]], (which is the day of Eid Ghadir Khum) God will reward him equal to the reward of 6 months of fasting<ref>al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Vol.8, P.290</ref>. The eve of Ghadir Khum is also celebrated among Muslims.<ref>al-Tha'alibi, P.511</ref>