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Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari: Difference between revisions
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Jabir has narrated a great deal of [[hadith]]. He narrated [[hadith of Lowh]], which contains the names of [[twelver Shia Imams]] from Prophet Muhammad (s), and also other famous hadiths including [[hadith of Ghadir Khumm]], [[hadith of Thaqalayn]] and [[hadith of the City of Knowledge]]. | Jabir has narrated a great deal of [[hadith]]. He narrated [[hadith of Lowh]], which contains the names of [[twelver Shia Imams]] from Prophet Muhammad (s), and also other famous hadiths including [[hadith of Ghadir Khumm]], [[hadith of Thaqalayn]] and [[hadith of the City of Knowledge]]. | ||
Jabir was a true devotee of [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and supporter of [[Imam Ali (a | Jabir was a true devotee of [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and supporter of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. He was considered a prominent companion of Ahl al-Bayt, from Imam 'Ali (a) to [[Imam Baqir (a)]]. After the [[battle of Karbala]], Jabir was the first one who visited the burial site of [[Imam Husayn (a)]] in [[Arbaee’n]]. Jabir has also given the salam (greeting) of Prophet Muhammad (s) to Imam Baqir (a). | ||
==Kunya and Lineage== | ==Kunya and Lineage== | ||
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The battle of Hamra’ al-Asad, in the 4 (A.H), was the first battle that Jabir has participated in. It took place after the battle of Uhud. As Prophet Muhammad (s) said, only the soldiers attended the battle of Uhud were allowed to participate in this battle. However Jabir was the only exception, after Prophet Muhammad (s) accepted his excuse. | The battle of Hamra’ al-Asad, in the 4 (A.H), was the first battle that Jabir has participated in. It took place after the battle of Uhud. As Prophet Muhammad (s) said, only the soldiers attended the battle of Uhud were allowed to participate in this battle. However Jabir was the only exception, after Prophet Muhammad (s) accepted his excuse. | ||
==Relationship with Prophet Muhammad (a | ==Relationship with Prophet Muhammad (a)== | ||
According to some of the historical accounts Jabir had a friendly relationship with Prophet Muhammad (s). When Jabir became ill, Prophet went to visit him. It’s said Jabir thought he’s going to die then he wanted to divide his bequest to his sisters, so he asked Prophet Muhammad (s) about its rules. However the Prophet promised him a long life and [[the Ayah of Kalalah]] was sent down on the question of Jabir on dividing the bequest. | According to some of the historical accounts Jabir had a friendly relationship with Prophet Muhammad (s). When Jabir became ill, Prophet went to visit him. It’s said Jabir thought he’s going to die then he wanted to divide his bequest to his sisters, so he asked Prophet Muhammad (s) about its rules. However the Prophet promised him a long life and [[the Ayah of Kalalah]] was sent down on the question of Jabir on dividing the bequest. | ||
==The Three Caliphs== | ==The Three Caliphs== | ||
There is no information on Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah attitude toward the first caliph, [[Abu Bakr]]. It’s probable that he was among [[Ansar]] (Helpers) and [[Muhajirun]] (Emigrants) in Medina. After some time he joined the supporters of [[Imam Ali (a | There is no information on Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah attitude toward the first caliph, [[Abu Bakr]]. It’s probable that he was among [[Ansar]] (Helpers) and [[Muhajirun]] (Emigrants) in Medina. After some time he joined the supporters of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and Ahl al-Bayt. | ||
He was engaged with scientific and educational affairs in that time; he mostly avoided political and military affairs. The only battle he participated was at the beginning of military conquests of Muslims during the reign of the second Caliph, [[Umar ibn Khattab]]. | He was engaged with scientific and educational affairs in that time; he mostly avoided political and military affairs. The only battle he participated was at the beginning of military conquests of Muslims during the reign of the second Caliph, [[Umar ibn Khattab]]. | ||
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Information no Jabir’s activities in the time of the third Caliph are not available. We only know, on the last days of [[Uthman’s]] [[caliphate]], when the Egyptians protesters head toward Medina, Jabir and fifty other members of Ansar were ordered by the Caliph to negotiate with protestors and persuade them to return to Egypt. | Information no Jabir’s activities in the time of the third Caliph are not available. We only know, on the last days of [[Uthman’s]] [[caliphate]], when the Egyptians protesters head toward Medina, Jabir and fifty other members of Ansar were ordered by the Caliph to negotiate with protestors and persuade them to return to Egypt. | ||
==Imam Ali’s (a | ==Imam 'Ali’s (a) Caliphate== | ||
Jabir has fought alongside Imam Ali (a | Jabir has fought alongside Imam 'Ali (a) in [[the battle of Siffin]]. In the last days of Imam 'Ali’s (a) Caliphate, [[Muawiya]] army attacked and plundered cities, including Medina, to take [[the oath of allegiance]] from people. Busr ibn Arta’ was the one who attacked Medina in 40 A.H. to take an oath of allegiance from people including Bani Salameh, the tribe of Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah. Jabir thought taking oath of allegiance to Busr ibn Arta’ would be going astray. So he hid in Umm Salama’s house; she was Prophet Muhammad’s wife. Finally in order to avoid bloodshed, Jabir took Umm Salama’s advice and took an oath of allegiance to Busr. | ||
==Transferring the Prophet Muhammad’s (s) Minbar== | ==Transferring the Prophet Muhammad’s (s) Minbar== | ||
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Jabir has narrated a great deal of hadith from Prophet Muhammad (s), hence he is considered the guardian of [[Sunnah]] and a [[mukthir]], a person who has narrated abundant number of hadith. His narration of hadith is considered as one of the highest referred ones among Islamic sects in [[narration]], [[Sirah]] and history. Jabir was also knowledgeable in fiqh and he issued fatwa. Therefore, Al-Dhahabi identified him as [[mujtahid]] and [[faqih]] (jurist). | Jabir has narrated a great deal of hadith from Prophet Muhammad (s), hence he is considered the guardian of [[Sunnah]] and a [[mukthir]], a person who has narrated abundant number of hadith. His narration of hadith is considered as one of the highest referred ones among Islamic sects in [[narration]], [[Sirah]] and history. Jabir was also knowledgeable in fiqh and he issued fatwa. Therefore, Al-Dhahabi identified him as [[mujtahid]] and [[faqih]] (jurist). | ||
In addition to narrating hadith directly from Prophet Muhammad (s), Jabir also has narrated hadith from Sahabah and Tabi’un. He has narrated hadith from [[Ali ibn Abi Talib (a | In addition to narrating hadith directly from Prophet Muhammad (s), Jabir also has narrated hadith from Sahabah and Tabi’un. He has narrated hadith from [[Ali ibn Abi Talib (a)]], [[Ammar ibn Yasir]], [[Mu’adh ibn Jabal]] and [[Abu Sa’id al-Khudri]]. | ||
Jabir was so immersed in learning theology that he travelled to [[Sham]] in order to acquire hadith from Sahabah. | Jabir was so immersed in learning theology that he travelled to [[Sham]] in order to acquire hadith from Sahabah. | ||
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This enthusiasm led Jabir to live the last years of his life near Ka’ba. He fairly analyzed hadiths and avoided any biased comment or attitude in narrating [[hadith]] and [[khabar]]. For example, he stated how narrators of [[Khazraj]] have distorted a hadith from Prophet Muhammad (s) on admiring the judgment of Sa’d ibn Mu’ad on [[Banu Qurayza]]; Sa’d ibn Mu’ad was the chief member of [[Banu Aws]]. | This enthusiasm led Jabir to live the last years of his life near Ka’ba. He fairly analyzed hadiths and avoided any biased comment or attitude in narrating [[hadith]] and [[khabar]]. For example, he stated how narrators of [[Khazraj]] have distorted a hadith from Prophet Muhammad (s) on admiring the judgment of Sa’d ibn Mu’ad on [[Banu Qurayza]]; Sa’d ibn Mu’ad was the chief member of [[Banu Aws]]. | ||
[[Imam Baqir (a | [[Imam Baqir (a)]] directly and Imam Sadiq (a) and Imam Kazim (a) indirectly have narrated hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (s) from Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah. | ||
Jabir has narrated well-known hadiths of Shia, including [[hadith of Ghadir Khumm]], [[hadith of Thaqalayn]], [[hadith of the City of Knowledge]], [[hadith of Al-Manzila]], [[hadith of Rad al-Shams]] and [[hadith of Sadd al-Abwab]]. | Jabir has narrated well-known hadiths of Shia, including [[hadith of Ghadir Khumm]], [[hadith of Thaqalayn]], [[hadith of the City of Knowledge]], [[hadith of Al-Manzila]], [[hadith of Rad al-Shams]] and [[hadith of Sadd al-Abwab]]. | ||
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Jabir is admired in twelver Shia [[rijal]] sources. Because Jabir was praised in well-known hadiths, his reliability is accepted in Shia sources. | Jabir is admired in twelver Shia [[rijal]] sources. Because Jabir was praised in well-known hadiths, his reliability is accepted in Shia sources. | ||
He is regarded Sahaba (companion) of [[Ahl al-Bayt]], including Imam Ali (a | He is regarded Sahaba (companion) of [[Ahl al-Bayt]], including Imam 'Ali (a) to Imam Baqir (a). When Jabir has passed away [[Muhammad ibn Ali (a)]] was only a child or a teenager; in the time of Ali ibn Husayn’s (a) [[Imamah]]. Thus Jabir cannot be considered as sahaba of Imam Baqir (a). | ||
Although Jabir was not a supporter of Imam Ali (a | Although Jabir was not a supporter of Imam 'Ali (a) in [[Saqifa]], after some time he joined Imam 'Ali (a) and remained a true supporter of him. Al-Kashshi considered him one of the members of [[Shurtat al-Khamis]] who were a group of devoted fighters dedicated their lives to Imam 'Ali (a). | ||
Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah considered Imam Ali (a | Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah considered Imam 'Ali (a) as the criterion for judgment. He advised Ansar to teach their children about the characteristics of Imam 'Ali (a). Jabir’s famous quotation on Imam 'Ali (a) is: “Ali (a) Khayr al-Bashar (Ali (a) is among the best mankind)”, which inspired Ja’far ibn Ahmad Qummi, Shia’ author, to narrate one third of his hadith from Jabir ibn Abd Allah in his book Nawadir al-athar fi ala khayr al-Bashar. | ||
==Love of Ahl al-Bayt (a)== | ==Love of Ahl al-Bayt (a)== | ||
===The Battle of Karbala and Jabir== | ===The Battle of Karbala and Jabir== | ||
At the time of [[the battle of Karbala]], Jabir was an old man living in Medina. Imam Husayn (a | At the time of [[the battle of Karbala]], Jabir was an old man living in Medina. Imam Husayn (a) introduced him as his witness, when he was giving a speech to [[Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad]]’s soldiers. Jabir was the first one who visited Karbala, in [[Arba’een]]. | ||
===Supporting Imam al-Sajjad (a)=== | ===Supporting Imam al-Sajjad (a)=== | ||
At the beginning of Ali ibn Husayn’s (a | At the beginning of Ali ibn Husayn’s (a) [[Imamah]], Imam had only few companions including Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah. Due to his old age, Jabir was not prosecuted by [[Hajjaj ibn Yusuf]]. | ||
===Meeting with Imam Baqir (a)=== | ===Meeting with Imam Baqir (a)=== | ||
According to historical accounts, Prophet Muhammad (s) told Jabir: “You will have a long life so that you will meet one of my descendants whose name will be my name; he is called [[Revealer of Knowledge]]. When you meet him, give my salam (greetings) to him.” Thus Jabir was eagerly looking for him in [[the mosque of Medina]]. Finally he found Muhammad ibn Ali (a | According to historical accounts, Prophet Muhammad (s) told Jabir: “You will have a long life so that you will meet one of my descendants whose name will be my name; he is called [[Revealer of Knowledge]]. When you meet him, give my salam (greetings) to him.” Thus Jabir was eagerly looking for him in [[the mosque of Medina]]. Finally he found Muhammad ibn Ali (a), who was a teenager and not an Imam yet, and he gave the salam (greetings) of Prophet Muhammad (s) to him. | ||
==Works== | ==Works== | ||