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Battle of Uhud: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox War | {{Infobox War | ||
|conflict=Battle of Uhud | |conflict=Battle of Uhud | ||
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|caption= {{center|}} | |caption= {{center|}} | ||
|Date=[[3]]/625 | |Date=[[3]]/625 | ||
|Location= Uhud | |Location= [[Uhud]] | ||
|Coordination = [[Medina]] | |Coordination = [[Medina]] | ||
|Cause = Revenge of [[battle of Badr]] | |Cause = Revenge of [[battle of Badr]] | ||
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|combatant1= Muslims | |combatant1= Muslims | ||
|combatant2= Polytheists of [[Quraysh]] | |combatant2= Polytheists of [[Quraysh]] | ||
|commander1= [[ | |commander1= The [[Prophet (s)]] | ||
|commander2= [[Abu Sufyan]] | |commander2= [[Abu Sufyan]] | ||
|strength1= 700 | |strength1= 700 | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{History of Early Islam}} | {{History of Early Islam}} | ||
'''The Battle of Uhud''' (Arabic:{{ia|غزوة اُحُد}}) was a famous [[Ghazwa]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] against the [[polytheists]] of [[Mecca]] in [[3]]/625. [[Quraysh]] marched out toward [[Medina]], as they desired to avenge their losses in [[ | '''The Battle of Uhud''' (Arabic:{{ia|غزوة اُحُد}}) was a famous [[Ghazwa]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] against the [[polytheists]] of [[Mecca]] in [[3]]/625. [[Quraysh]] marched out toward [[Medina]], as they desired to avenge their losses in the [[Battle of Badr]] while [[Abu Sufyan]] was the commander of the army. Prophet Muhammad (s) and senior members of [[Ansar]] and [[Muhajirun]] planned to fight against Quraysh within Medina and never left the city; on the other hand young Muslims and also [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], Prophet's uncle, were willing to fight outside the city. Finally Prophet Muhammad (s) decided to accept the wishes of the latter. At first, Muslims defeated Meccans, but a part of Muslim archers having [['Abd Allah b. Jubayr]] as their commander on [[Mount 'Aynayn]] on the left flank of [[Uhud]], left their assigned posts and faced a surprise attack from Meccans which led to defeat of Muslims. They faced a serious defeat with approximately 70 martyred Muslims including Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib who got mutilated, even Prophet Muhammad (s) was badly injured on his face and his tooth. | ||
==Meccan Army Marched Toward Medina== | ==Meccan Army Marched Toward Medina== | ||
Meccans tried to avenge their losses in [[ | Meccans tried to avenge their losses in the [[Battle of Badr]], so they marched toward [[Medina]] in 3/625, while [[Abu Sufyan]] was leading their army. He persuaded [[Amr b. al-'As]], [[Ibn Zib'ari]] and [[Abu 'Azza]] to motivate and gather other tribes for the battle. Then they marched toward Medina with three thousand soldiers. According to Al-Waqidi's narration, [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was secretly informed about [[Quraysh]]'s army that marched toward Medina by [[al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], his uncle, in [[Quba]] near Medina. But other [[hadiths]] did not mention this letter to Prophet Muhammad (s). | ||
On [[Shawwal 5]], Meccan army arrived Urayd area near Uhud. One of prophet's [[companions]] informed him about the number and military warfare of enemies. Some senior members of [[Banu Khazraj]] and [[Banu Aws]] including [[Sa'd b. Mu'adh]], [[Usayd b. Hudayr]] and [[Sa'd b. 'Ubada]] were guarding in a mosque to early morning of Friday in the fear of [[Quraysh]] attack. | |||
==Consulting with Sahaba== | ==Consulting with Sahaba== | ||
On Friday Prophet Muhammad (s) hold a meeting over how best to defend against the enemies. Prophet Muhammad (s) and many of senior members of [[Ansar]] and [[Muhajirun]] suggested that it would be safer to fight against them within [[Medina]], while young Muslims and also [[Hamza b. Abd al-Muttalib]] were arguing to fight with them outside Medina. Finally Prophet decided to accept the wishes of the latter. | On Friday Prophet Muhammad (s) hold a meeting over how best to defend against the enemies. Prophet Muhammad (s) and many of senior members of [[Ansar]] and [[Muhajirun]] suggested that it would be safer to fight against them within [[Medina]], while young Muslims and also [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] were arguing to fight with them outside Medina. Finally Prophet decided to accept the wishes of the latter. | ||
==Prophet Muhammad (s) Left Medina== | ==Prophet Muhammad (s) Left Medina== | ||
Prophet Muhammad (s) prepared his army and marched toward Uhud with one thousand soldiers. They spent the night at Shaykhan, halfway between Medina and Uhud, and continued their way in the morning. | Prophet Muhammad (s) prepared his army and marched toward Uhud with one thousand soldiers. They spent the night at Shaykhan, halfway between Medina and Uhud, and continued their way in the morning. | ||
===Departing of Abd-Allah b. Ubayy=== | ===Departing of 'Abd-Allah b. 'Ubayy=== | ||
Shortly after Prophet's soldiers settled in Uhud, [[Abd Allah b. Ubayy]] and a number of Muslim soldiers withdrew their support for Prophet Muhammad (s) and returned to Medina, because they were discontent with the plan of fighting outside of Medina. Therefore, the number of Muslim soldiers reduced to 700 as they were ready to face the Meccans' army. | Shortly after Prophet's soldiers settled in Uhud, [['Abd Allah b. 'Ubayy]] and a number of Muslim soldiers withdrew their support for Prophet Muhammad (s) and returned to Medina, because they were discontent with the plan of fighting outside of Medina. Therefore, the number of Muslim soldiers reduced to 700 as they were ready to face the Meccans' army. | ||
==Preparation for the Battle== | ==Preparation for the Battle== | ||
[[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] stationed Muslim soldiers on the slopes of | [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] stationed Muslim soldiers on the slopes of [[Mount Uhud]] and facing [[Medina]] so that they could face enemies while protected by the towering Mount Uhud. He assigned a group of archers on [[Mount 'Aynayn]] with [['Abd Allah b. Jubayr]] as their commander. The Meccan army positioned itself facing Muslim soldiers, [[Khalid b. al-Walid]] and 'Ikrimah b. Abi Jahl were commanders of right and left flanks of their army. Before the battle commence, Prophet Muhammad (s) gave a speech to Muslim soldiers and ordered archers to never leave their positions under any circumstances and only protect the other soldiers. | ||
==Initiative Victory of Muslims== | ==Initiative Victory of Muslims== | ||
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==Defeat of Muslims== | ==Defeat of Muslims== | ||
Muslim archers who were appointed on the left flank disobeyed Prophet's orders and they ran downhill to load plunder. Abd Allah b. Jubayr tried to make them return to their posts but it was unsuccessful. Earlier Khalid b. al-Walid had some ineffective attacks to the left flank of Muslim army. When they noticed the scattered Muslim soldiers, they attacked again alongside ' | Muslim archers who were appointed on the left flank disobeyed Prophet's orders and they ran downhill to load plunder. 'Abd Allah b. Jubayr tried to make them return to their posts but it was unsuccessful. Earlier Khalid b. al-Walid had some ineffective attacks to the left flank of Muslim army. When they noticed the scattered Muslim soldiers, they attacked again alongside 'Ikrima b. Abi Jahl to the remaining soldiers on the hill and the rear. Rumors were circulating that [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] was perished. It brought disorder to Muslim army, they scattered all over the place, however some managed to withdraw and regroup on hills. Prophet Muhammad (s) was wounded due to the stones were thrown at him which caused injuries on his forehead and his tooth. Prophet and few remained companions managed to retreat and find a safe place on the mountain. | ||
As [[Al-Shykh al-Mufid]] narrated from [[Abd Allah b. | As [[Al-Shykh al-Mufid]] narrated from [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]]: "Muslim soldiers were scattered and they tried to run away, only [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] stayed near Prophet Muhammad (s) to protect him. Then some other Muslims joined Prophet (s) including [['Asim b. Thabit]], [[Abu Dujana]] and [[Sahl b. Hunayf]]." | ||
===Martyrdom of Hamza=== | ===Martyrdom of Hamza=== | ||
{{main|Hamza b. Abd al-Muttalib}} | |||
[[File:مقبره حمزه پیش از تخریب.jpg|thumbnail|Tomb of [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] before demolishing ]] | [[File:مقبره حمزه پیش از تخریب.jpg|thumbnail|Tomb of [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] before demolishing ]] | ||
Meccans swept through Muslim soldiers and martyred many, most importantly | Meccans swept through Muslim soldiers and martyred many, most importantly Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib. [[Jubayr b. Mut'im]]'s slave, [[Wahshi b. Harb]], threw Hamza down with a spear and then cut open his corpse, taking out his liver for [[Hind]], Abu Sufyan's wife. She attempted to eat his liver, because Hamza had killed her father before. After Hamza was martyred and mutilated, Prophet Muhammad (s) was dejected and irritated. | ||
===The Number of Martyred Muslims=== | ===The Number of Martyred Muslims=== | ||
[[File:مزار حمزه و شهدای احد.jpg|thumbnail|Uhud | [[File:مزار حمزه و شهدای احد.jpg|thumbnail|[[Uhud Cemetery]]]] | ||
Muslims buried the dead and [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] performed prayers on each one of the martyred soldiers and also seventy times on Hamza's body. The names of martyred Muslims are exclusively stated in old books; it is also said around twenty Meccans were killed. | Muslims buried the dead and [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] performed prayers on each one of the martyred soldiers and also seventy times on Hamza's body. The names of martyred Muslims are exclusively stated in old books; it is also said around twenty Meccans were killed. | ||
===Abu Sufyan Reaction=== | ===Abu Sufyan Reaction=== | ||
After fighting had ceased, [[Abu Sufyan]] came near Muslims who were gathered on slopes of hills, after praising idols he said, this war was a respond to [[ | After fighting had ceased, [[Abu Sufyan]] came near Muslims who were gathered on slopes of hills, after praising idols he said, this war was a respond to the [[battle of Badr]]. | ||
==Date== | ==Date== | ||
The | The Battle of Uhud was fought on Saturday, [[Shawwal 7|7th of Shawwal]], 3/[[March 26|26th of March]], 625. It is also said it was in 15th of Shawwal in 3. | ||
==Revealing of Verses== | ==Revealing of Verses== | ||
According to sources, some [[verses]] were revealed on this battle, most importantly verses 121 to 129 of [[Al 'Imran]]. In addition, some [[hadiths]] are mentioned from Prophet Muhammad (s) on this battle. Afterward | According to the sources, some [[verses]] were revealed on this battle, most importantly verses 121 to 129 of [[Sura Al 'Imran|Al 'Imran]]. In addition, some [[hadiths]] are mentioned from Prophet Muhammad (s) on this battle. Afterward Prophet Muhammad (s) sometimes visited the burial site of martyred Muslims in Uhud. Since then, travelers visit their burial site on the way to [[Medina]]. | ||
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* Chirri, Muhammad Jawad, [http://www.al-islam.org/articles/battle-uhud-shaykh-muhammad-jawad-chirri '' The Battle of Uhud''], Detroit: Harlo Press, 1988; | * Chirri, Muhammad Jawad, [http://www.al-islam.org/articles/battle-uhud-shaykh-muhammad-jawad-chirri '' The Battle of Uhud''], Detroit: Harlo Press, 1988; | ||
== | ==References== | ||
The material for writing this article is mainly taken from [[fa:غزوه احد|غزوه احد]] in Farsi WikiShia. | The material for writing this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[fa:غزوه احد|غزوه احد]]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
{{Ghazwas of the Prophet (s)}} | {{Ghazwas of the Prophet (s)}} | ||