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Haram (holy site): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Masjid al-Haram.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Al-Masjid al-Haram]] | [[File:Masjid al-Haram.jpg|250px|thumbnail|Al-Masjid al-Haram]] | ||
'''Ḥaram''' ([[Arabic]]: حَرَم 'Holy Shrine'), is an area that includes a holy place, and has s special holiness because of what it inclueds. The most important haram for Muslims is [[Mecca]] in which [[Ka'ba]] and [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] located. The next important haram is Madani haram that involves [[the Prophet]]'s house and tomb ([[Masjid al-Nabawi]]). These two are called [[al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn]] among Muslims. | '''Ḥaram''' ([[Arabic]]: حَرَم 'Holy Shrine'), is an area that includes a holy place, and has s special holiness because of what it inclueds. The most important haram for Muslims is [[Mecca]] in which [[Ka'ba]] and [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] located. The next important haram is Madani haram that involves [[the Prophet]]'s house and tomb ([[Masjid al-Nabawi]]). These two are called [[al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn]] among Muslims. | ||
In a broad meaning, haram is also used for the holy shrine of [[Imams (a)]] and even for the descendants of Imams. The terms [['Alawi haram]],[[Husayni haram]] are used in accordance with this broad meaning. Haram, among [[Shi'a]], is used for [[Masjid]] or the building which is built around a tomb. | In a broad meaning, haram is also used for the holy shrine of [[Imams (a)]] and even for the descendants of Imams. The terms [['Alawi haram]],[[Husayni haram]] are used in accordance with this broad meaning. Haram, among [[Shi'a]], is used for [[Masjid]] or the building which is built around a tomb. | ||
One of the especial [[Hukm]]s of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]], the grave of [[the Prophet (s)]], [[al-Ha'ir al-Husayni]] and [[Masjid al-Kufa]] is that [[pilgrim]]s coming from other places are allowed and even [[recommended]] to do their prayers in the complete form, even though travelers normally have to do they prayers in short form. | One of the especial [[Hukm]]s of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]], the grave of [[the Prophet (s)]], [[al-Ha'ir al-Husayni]] and [[Masjid al-Kufa]] is that [[pilgrim]]s coming from other places are allowed and even [[recommended]] to do their prayers in the complete form, even though travelers normally have to do they prayers in short form. | ||
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{{main|al-Ha'ir al-Husayni}} | {{main|al-Ha'ir al-Husayni}} | ||
[[File:Al-Ha'ir al-Husayni.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|[[Al-Ha'ir al-Husayni]] in [[Karbala]], Iraq]] | [[File:Al-Ha'ir al-Husayni.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|[[Al-Ha'ir al-Husayni]] in [[Karbala]], Iraq]] | ||
Haram (holy shrine) of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] is greatly venerated by [[Shi'a]]. Shi'a faqihs have different opinions about the expanse of the Haram for which there are certain rulings. For example, some of them include Imam al-Husayn's (a) grave and his family members and companions except [[al-'Abbas (a)]] in the Haram,<ref> Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Muqni'a''. p. 126; Hilli, Ibn Idris. ''al-Sara'ir al-havi li-tahrir al-fatawa''. vol. 1. p. 342</ref> while some others believe that the whole city of [[Karbala]] including Imam al-Husayn's (a) holy Rawdah (sanctum) is Haram.<ref>Yahya b. Sa'id. ''al-Jami' lil-Shara'i'''. p. 93; Bahrani, yusif b. Ahmad. ''al-Hada'iq al-nadira fi ahkam al-'itrat al-tahira''. vol. 11. p. 436; Naraqi, Ahmad b. Muhammad Mahdi. ''Mustanad al-Shi'a fi ahkam al-shari'a''. vol. 8. p. 316</ref> There is even a hadith quoted from [[Imam Ali (a)]] in which [[ | Haram (holy shrine) of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] is greatly venerated by [[Shi'a]]. Shi'a faqihs have different opinions about the expanse of the Haram for which there are certain rulings. For example, some of them include Imam al-Husayn's (a) grave and his family members and companions except [[al-'Abbas (a)]] in the Haram,<ref> Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Muqni'a''. p. 126; Hilli, Ibn Idris. ''al-Sara'ir al-havi li-tahrir al-fatawa''. vol. 1. p. 342</ref> while some others believe that the whole city of [[Karbala]] including Imam al-Husayn's (a) holy Rawdah (sanctum) is Haram.<ref>Yahya b. Sa'id. ''al-Jami' lil-Shara'i'''. p. 93; Bahrani, yusif b. Ahmad. ''al-Hada'iq al-nadira fi ahkam al-'itrat al-tahira''. vol. 11. p. 436; Naraqi, Ahmad b. Muhammad Mahdi. ''Mustanad al-Shi'a fi ahkam al-shari'a''. vol. 8. p. 316</ref> There is even a hadith quoted from [[Imam Ali (a)]] in which [[Kufa]] is also called his Haram.<ref>al-Kulayni, Muhmmad b. Ya'qub. ''al-Kafi''. vol. 4. p. 563</ref> | ||
==Specific Rulings for al-Haramayn, Masjid al- | ==Specific Rulings for al-Haramayn, Masjid al-Kufa and al-Ha'ir al-Husayni== | ||
According to most Shi'a faqihs, one of the rulings specific to al-Haramayn (al-Haram al-Makki and al-Haram al-Nabawi), [[Masjid al- | According to most Shi'a faqihs, one of the rulings specific to al-Haramayn (al-Haram al-Makki and al-Haram al-Nabawi), [[Masjid al-Kufa]] and [[al-Ha'ir al-Husayni]] is the permission and even [[recommendation]] of performing prayer in the complete form for pilgrims coming from other places (passengers), although as pilgrims, they normally have to perform their prayers in the short form.<ref>al-Shaykh al-Tusi, Muhammad b. Hasan. ''al-Nihaya fi mujarad al-fiqh wa al-fatawa''. p. 124; al-Hilli, Hasan b. Yusuf. ''Mukhtalif al-Shi'a fi ahkam al-shari'a''. vol. 1. p. 333; Shahid al-Thani, zayn al-din. ''al-Rawda al-Bahiyavol''. vol. 1. p. 787-788</ref> | ||
Religious authorities regard these rulings as the conclusion of two different groups of hadiths; one which indicates that performing prayer in short or complete form in the four mentioned places are optional. And the other group which recommends the complete form of prayer in these places.<ref> al-Kulayni, Muhmmad b. Ya'qub. ''al-Kafi''. vol. p. 542; al-Shaykh al-Tusi, Muhammad b. Hasan. ''Tahdhib al-ahkam''. vol. 5. p. 470-475</ref> In some of these hadiths, the terms "[[al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn]]", "[[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]", "al-Masjidayn" (the two [[mosque]]s) are used;<ref>Bahrani, yusif b. Ahmad. ''al-Hada'iq al-nadira fi ahkam al-'itrat al-tahira''. vol. 11. p. 456-459</ref> thus, some scholars consider only al-Masjid al-Haram and Masjid al-Nabi the subject to the mentioned rulings, not the whole expanses of al-Haram al-Makki and al-Haram al-Nabawi.<ref>al-Hilli, Hasan b. Yusuf. ''Mukhtalif al-Shi'a fi ahkam al-shari'a''. vol. 3. p. 132; Shahid al-Thani, zayn al-din. ''al-Rawda al-Bahiyavol''. vol. 1. p. 787; Burujirdi, Murtida. ''Mustanad al-'urwat al-wuthqa''. vol. 8. p. 411-412</ref> | Religious authorities regard these rulings as the conclusion of two different groups of hadiths; one which indicates that performing prayer in short or complete form in the four mentioned places are optional. And the other group which recommends the complete form of prayer in these places.<ref> al-Kulayni, Muhmmad b. Ya'qub. ''al-Kafi''. vol. p. 542; al-Shaykh al-Tusi, Muhammad b. Hasan. ''Tahdhib al-ahkam''. vol. 5. p. 470-475</ref> In some of these hadiths, the terms "[[al-Haramayn al-Sharifayn]]", "[[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]", "al-Masjidayn" (the two [[mosque]]s) are used;<ref>Bahrani, yusif b. Ahmad. ''al-Hada'iq al-nadira fi ahkam al-'itrat al-tahira''. vol. 11. p. 456-459</ref> thus, some scholars consider only al-Masjid al-Haram and Masjid al-Nabi the subject to the mentioned rulings, not the whole expanses of al-Haram al-Makki and al-Haram al-Nabawi.<ref>al-Hilli, Hasan b. Yusuf. ''Mukhtalif al-Shi'a fi ahkam al-shari'a''. vol. 3. p. 132; Shahid al-Thani, zayn al-din. ''al-Rawda al-Bahiyavol''. vol. 1. p. 787; Burujirdi, Murtida. ''Mustanad al-'urwat al-wuthqa''. vol. 8. p. 411-412</ref> | ||