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Abu Dharr al-Ghifari: Difference between revisions
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| caption = The remains of Mosque of Abi Dhar in al-Rabadha which is said that his grave is there | | caption = The remains of Mosque of Abi Dhar in al-Rabadha which is said that his grave is there | ||
| Full name = | | Full name = Jundab b. Junada b. Sufyan al-Ghifari | ||
| Kunya = Abu Dhar | | Kunya = Abu Dhar | ||
| Epithet = | | Epithet = | ||
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| Presence at [[ghazwas]] = | | Presence at [[ghazwas]] = | ||
| Migration to = [[Medina]] | | Migration to = [[Medina]] | ||
| Known for = One of the | | Known for = One of the prominent[[:template:Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)|Companions]] of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] | ||
| Notable roles = | |||
| Other activities = Protesting against [[caliph]]s specially in the [[Event of Saqifa]], [[prohibition of | | Other activities = Protesting against [[caliph]]s specially in the [[Event of Saqifa]], protesting against [[prohibition of writing hadiths]], complaining to Uthman about giving the treasury money to others as a gift | ||
| Works = | | Works = | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | {{Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | ||
''' | '''Jundab b. Junāda b. Sufyān al-Ghifārī''' (Arabic: {{ia|جُندَب بن جُنادة بن سفيان الغِفاري}}) (b. 33 [[BH]]/590 - d. [[32]]/653) known as '''Abū Dhar al-Ghifārī''' ({{iarabic|أبوذر الغفاري}}) was one of the greatest [[sahaba|companions]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and a companion of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]; he was also one of those who were known as [[the four pillars]]. He was a true companion of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Numerous virtues and excellences have been narrated for him by both [[Sunni]] and [[Shi'a]]. Scholars of [[rijal]] have considered him as one the four pillars [among the companions]. Abu Dhar complained criticized actions of [['Uthman]], the thirds Caliph, and as a result, he was exiled to [[Syria]] and then to [[al-Rabadha]] where he passed away. | ||
==Birth, Lineage, and Characteristics== | ==Birth, Lineage, and Characteristics== | ||
Abu Dhar was born twenty years before the emergence of [[Islam]], in Banu Ghifar, a famous and noble tribe among Arab.<ref>Amīn,''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 225.</ref> His father, Junada, was the son of Ghifar and his mother, Ramla bt. al-Waqi'a, was from Banu Ghifar b. Malil.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 252.</ref> Historians have debates on his father's name; they mentioned Yazid, | Abu Dhar was born twenty years before the emergence of [[Islam]], in Banu Ghifar, a famous and noble tribe among Arab.<ref>Amīn,''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 225.</ref> His father, Junada, was the son of Ghifar and his mother, Ramla bt. al-Waqi'a, was from Banu Ghifar b. Malil.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 252.</ref> Historians have debates on his father's name; they mentioned Yazid, Jundab, Ishraqa, 'Abd Allah and Sakan.<ref> Ibn Hibbān, ''Mashāhīr ʿulamāʾ al-amṣār'', p. 30; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Taqrīb al-tahdhīb'',vol. 2, p. 395.</ref> | ||
As [[Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani]] has stated: Abu Dhar was a tall, thin man with tanned skin<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Taqrīb al-tahdhīb'',vol. 7, p. 107.</ref>. Ibn Sa'd described him as a tall man with white hair and beard<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 23.</ref>. [[Al-Dhahabi]] also described him as a bulky man with full beard.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 47.</ref> | As [[Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani]] has stated: Abu Dhar was a tall, thin man with tanned skin<ref>Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Taqrīb al-tahdhīb'',vol. 7, p. 107.</ref>. Ibn Sa'd described him as a tall man with white hair and beard<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 23.</ref>. [[Al-Dhahabi]] also described him as a bulky man with full beard.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 47.</ref> | ||
===Names and Titles=== | ===Names and Titles=== | ||
His name was Abu Dhar because of his child's name, Dhar. However his real name is not certain and it is mentioned differently in history books: Badr b. | His name was Abu Dhar because of his child's name, Dhar. However his real name is not certain and it is mentioned differently in history books: Badr b. Jundab, Burayr b. 'Abd Allah, Burayr b. Junada, Burayr b. Ishraqa, Jundab b. 'Abd Allah, Jundab b. Sakan and Yazid b. Junada<ref>Dhahabī, ''Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 47; Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 5, p. 186; Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 33, p. 294.</ref>. It seems Jundub b. Yazid is his real and famous name<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1652.</ref>. | ||
==Wife and Child== | ==Wife and Child== | ||
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==Conversion to Islam== | ==Conversion to Islam== | ||
Abu Dhar was among the first people who converted to [[Islam]].<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 252; Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-islām'', vol. 3, p. 4-6. | Abu Dhar was among the first people who converted to [[Islam]].<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 252; Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-islām'', vol. 3, p. 4-6. | ||
</ref> According to some narrations, he was a [[monotheism|monotheist]] before the emergence of Islam, he worshiped [[God]] three years before [[Bi'tha]]<ref>Shūshtarī, ''Qāmūs al-rijāl'', vol. 11, p. 322.</ref>. Ibn Habib al-Baghdadi maintains that Abu Dhar considered drinking alcohol and [[gambling]] (azlam) unlawful in [[Jahiliyya era]]<ref>Baghdādī, ''al-Muḥabbar'', p. 237.</ref>. After the emergence of Islam, he was among the first people who came to [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and converted to [[Islam]]. According to a narration, Abu Dhar said: "I was the fourth one who went to | </ref> According to some narrations, he was a [[monotheism|monotheist]] before the emergence of Islam, he worshiped [[God]] three years before [[Bi'tha]]<ref>Shūshtarī, ''Qāmūs al-rijāl'', vol. 11, p. 322.</ref>. Ibn Habib al-Baghdadi maintains that Abu Dhar considered drinking alcohol and [[gambling]] (azlam) unlawful in [[Jahiliyya era]]<ref>Baghdādī, ''al-Muḥabbar'', p. 237.</ref>. After the emergence of Islam, he was among the first people who came to [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and converted to [[Islam]]. According to a narration, Abu Dhar said: "I was the fourth one who went to the Prophet (s) and told him: peace be upon you O messenger of Allah! I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (s) is His messenger; it made him delighted<ref>Ibn Ḥibbān, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ'', vol. 16, p. 83.</ref>." | ||
As [[Ibn al-'Abbas]] said: "When Abu Dhar became aware of Prophet Muhammad's Prophethood in [[Mecca]], he told his brother, Anis, "Inform me about the knowledge of the man who thinks, he receives messages from the sky; listen to him and bring me the news." After visiting Prophet Muhammad (s) Anis returned to his brother. Then Abu Dhar himself went to Mecca to find Muhammad (s). Abu Dhar alongside [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] visited Muhammad (s) in his house.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1654.</ref> Abu Dhar was the first one who said to Prophet: "[[Salam]] upon you, O Messenger of Allah". Then Abu Dhar converted to Islam after articulating [[Shahadatayn]] (Islamic creed declaring belief in the [[oneness of God]] and acceptance of Muhammad (s) as God's messenger)<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, ''al-Isti'ab'', vol. 4, p. 1654.</ref>. | As [[Ibn al-'Abbas]] said: "When Abu Dhar became aware of Prophet Muhammad's Prophethood in [[Mecca]], he told his brother, Anis, "Inform me about the knowledge of the man who thinks, he receives messages from the sky; listen to him and bring me the news." After visiting Prophet Muhammad (s) Anis returned to his brother. Then Abu Dhar himself went to Mecca to find Muhammad (s). Abu Dhar alongside [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] visited Muhammad (s) in his house.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 4, p. 1654.</ref> Abu Dhar was the first one who said to Prophet: "[[Salam]] upon you, O Messenger of Allah". Then Abu Dhar converted to Islam after articulating [[Shahadatayn]] (Islamic creed declaring belief in the [[oneness of God]] and acceptance of Muhammad (s) as God's messenger)<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, ''al-Isti'ab'', vol. 4, p. 1654.</ref>. | ||