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Abu Dharr al-Ghifari: Difference between revisions
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| image = Remains of al-Rabadha.jpg | | image = Remains of al-Rabadha.jpg | ||
| image size = 240px | | image size = 240px | ||
| caption = The remains of Mosque of Abi Dhar in al- | | caption = The remains of Mosque of Abi Dhar in al-Rabatha which is said that his grave is there | ||
| Full name = Jundab b. Junada b. Sufyan al-Ghifari | | Full name = Jundab b. Junada b. Sufyan al-Ghifari | ||
| Kunya = Abu Dharr | | Kunya = Abu Dharr | ||
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| Place of Birth = | | Place of Birth = | ||
| Muhajir/Ansar = [[Muhajir]] | | Muhajir/Ansar = [[Muhajir]] | ||
| Place of Residence = [[Medina]], [[Syria]], [[al- | | Place of Residence = [[Medina]], [[Syria]], [[al-Rabatha]] | ||
| Death/Martyrdom = [[32]]/653 | | Death/Martyrdom = [[32]]/653 | ||
| Cause of death/martyrdom = | | Cause of death/martyrdom = | ||
| Burial place = al- | | Burial place = al-Rabatha | ||
| Converting to Islam = Among the first people who converted to [[Islam]] | | Converting to Islam = Among the first people who converted to [[Islam]] | ||
| Cause of converting to Islam = | | Cause of converting to Islam = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | {{Imam 'Ali (a)-Vertical}} | ||
'''Jundab b. Junāda b. Sufyān al-Ghifārī''' (Arabic: {{ia|جُندَب بن جُنادة بن سفيان الغِفاري}}) (b. 33 [[BH]]/590 - d. [[32]]/653) known as '''Abū Dharr al-Ghifārī''' ({{iarabic|أبوذر الغفاري}}) was one of the greatest [[sahaba|companions]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and a companion of [[Imam Ali (a)]]; he was also one of those who were known as the [[four pillars of the Shiite]]. He was a true companion of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Numerous virtues and excellences have been narrated for him by both [[Sunni]] and [[Shi'a]]. Scholars of [[rijal]] have considered him as one of the four pillars [of the Shiite]. Abu Dhar criticized the actions of [[Uthman]], the third Caliph. As a result, he was exiled to [[Syria]] and then to [[al- | '''Jundab b. Junāda b. Sufyān al-Ghifārī''' (Arabic: {{ia|جُندَب بن جُنادة بن سفيان الغِفاري}}) (b. 33 [[BH]]/590 - d. [[32]]/653) known as '''Abū Dharr al-Ghifārī''' ({{iarabic|أبوذر الغفاري}}) was one of the greatest [[sahaba|companions]] of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and a companion of [[Imam Ali (a)]]; he was also one of those who were known as the [[four pillars of the Shiite]]. He was a true companion of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. Numerous virtues and excellences have been narrated for him by both [[Sunni]] and [[Shi'a]]. Scholars of [[rijal]] have considered him as one of the four pillars [of the Shiite]. Abu Dhar criticized the actions of [[Uthman]], the third Caliph. As a result, he was exiled to [[Syria]] and then to [[al-Rabatha]], where he passed away. | ||
==Birth, Lineage, and Characteristics== | ==Birth, Lineage, and Characteristics== | ||
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===Friendship with Ali b. Abi Talib (a)=== | ===Friendship with Ali b. Abi Talib (a)=== | ||
{{Quote box | {{Quote box | ||
|title = Imam Ali (a) addressed Abu Dharr when he was exiled towards al- | |title = Imam Ali (a) addressed Abu Dharr when he was exiled towards al-Rabatha: | ||
|quote = "O Abu Dharr! You showed anger in the name of Allah; therefore, have hope in Him for Whom you became angry. The people were afraid of you in the matter of their (pleasure of this) world while you feared them for your faith. Then leave to them that for which they are afraid of you and get away from them, taking away what you fear them about. How needy are they for what you dissuade them from and how heedless are you towards what they deny you. You will shortly know who is the gainer tomorrow (on the Day of Judgement) and who is more enviable. Even if these skies and earth were closed to some individual and he feared Allah, then Allah would open them for him. Only rightfulness should attract you, while wrongfulness should detract you. If you had accepted their worldly attractions, they would have loved you, and if you had shared in it, they would have given you asylum." | |quote = "O Abu Dharr! You showed anger in the name of Allah; therefore, have hope in Him for Whom you became angry. The people were afraid of you in the matter of their (pleasure of this) world while you feared them for your faith. Then leave to them that for which they are afraid of you and get away from them, taking away what you fear them about. How needy are they for what you dissuade them from and how heedless are you towards what they deny you. You will shortly know who is the gainer tomorrow (on the Day of Judgement) and who is more enviable. Even if these skies and earth were closed to some individual and he feared Allah, then Allah would open them for him. Only rightfulness should attract you, while wrongfulness should detract you. If you had accepted their worldly attractions, they would have loved you, and if you had shared in it, they would have given you asylum." | ||
|tstyle = text-align: left; | |tstyle = text-align: left; | ||
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}} | }} | ||
As [[Ali b. Isa al-Irbili|al-Irbili]] narrated, Abu Dhar chose [[Ali b. Abi Talib]] as the executor of his will and said: By Allah, Ali b. Abi Talib (a) is my executor. By Allah, although his right was usurped in [[caliphate]], you will find [[peace]] and blessing with him<ref>Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 1, p. 353.</ref>. [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]] said: Abu Dhar told Ibn Rafi' in al- | As [[Ali b. Isa al-Irbili|al-Irbili]] narrated, Abu Dhar chose [[Ali b. Abi Talib]] as the executor of his will and said: By Allah, Ali b. Abi Talib (a) is my executor. By Allah, although his right was usurped in [[caliphate]], you will find [[peace]] and blessing with him<ref>Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 1, p. 353.</ref>. [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]] said: Abu Dhar told Ibn Rafi' in al-Rabatha, fear only Allah, soon a conspiracy will happen, you should support Imam Ali (a)<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 13, p. 228.</ref>. Abu Dhar also attended the [[funeral]] of [[Lady Fatima (a)]] which took place at midnight<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 115.</ref>. | ||
==Caliphate Time== | ==Caliphate Time== | ||
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However, Abu Dhar made some social groups and informed people about the characteristics and virtues of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. On the other hand, [[Mu'awiya]] prohibited people from meeting Abu Dhar and reported his activities to Uthman. Therefore, he was returned to [[Medina]]<ref>Amīn,''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol.4, p. 237.</ref>. | However, Abu Dhar made some social groups and informed people about the characteristics and virtues of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. On the other hand, [[Mu'awiya]] prohibited people from meeting Abu Dhar and reported his activities to Uthman. Therefore, he was returned to [[Medina]]<ref>Amīn,''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol.4, p. 237.</ref>. | ||
==Exile to al- | ==Exile to al-Rabatha== | ||
Abu Dar met Uthman in Medina, where he refused his gift and criticized his actions again. Then 'Uthman lost his patience with him and exiled him to al- | Abu Dar met Uthman in Medina, where he refused his gift and criticized his actions again. Then 'Uthman lost his patience with him and exiled him to al-Rabatha in the worst possible condition, which is mentioned in many historical books<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 115; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 23; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 336.</ref>. | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
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|width = 35% | |width = 35% | ||
}} | }} | ||
Abu Dhar passed away in [[Dhu l-Hijja]] [[32]]/653, in [[al- | Abu Dhar passed away in [[Dhu l-Hijja]] [[32]]/653, in [[al-Rabatha]], in the time of Uthman's caliphate<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 336; vol. 3, p. 354.</ref>. As [[Ibn Kathir]] has said, "no one was with him except his wife and his child when he passed away."<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 7, p. 185.</ref> Al-Zirikli said, "when he passed away his family did not have anything to enshroud his body".<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 2, p. 140.</ref>. Mihran b. Maymun said: "All the property of Abu Dhar valued only about two dirhams [an old currency in Arab countries less valuable than dinar]"<ref>Amīn,'' Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 229.</ref>. | ||
It is said when his wife "Umm Dhar" was crying she said to Abu Dhar: "You die in the desert, and I have nothing to enshroud your body. He replied: Do not cry and be happy, for [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] said one of you would die in the desert, and a group of Muslims will bury him. The others have passed away in cities, and I am the only one left, and I die in the desert; Prophet Muhammad (s) was talking about me<ref>Amīn,''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 241.</ref>. | It is said when his wife "Umm Dhar" was crying she said to Abu Dhar: "You die in the desert, and I have nothing to enshroud your body. He replied: Do not cry and be happy, for [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] said one of you would die in the desert, and a group of Muslims will bury him. The others have passed away in cities, and I am the only one left, and I die in the desert; Prophet Muhammad (s) was talking about me<ref>Amīn,''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 241.</ref>. | ||
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When he died [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]] and a number of [[Ansar]], [[Hujr b. Adi]], [[Malik al-Ashtar]] and several young Muslims were passing the desert, and coincidentally they noticed Abu Dhar. Therefore, they enshrouded his body and buried him and Abd Allah b. Mas'ud performed [[Funeral Prayer|Funeral prayer]] on his body<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 253; Ibn Ḥibbān, ''al-Thiqāt'', vol. 3, p. 55. </ref>. | When he died [[Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]] and a number of [[Ansar]], [[Hujr b. Adi]], [[Malik al-Ashtar]] and several young Muslims were passing the desert, and coincidentally they noticed Abu Dhar. Therefore, they enshrouded his body and buried him and Abd Allah b. Mas'ud performed [[Funeral Prayer|Funeral prayer]] on his body<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 253; Ibn Ḥibbān, ''al-Thiqāt'', vol. 3, p. 55. </ref>. | ||
According to all sources, Abu Dhar is buried in [[al- | According to all sources, Abu Dhar is buried in [[al-Rabatha]]<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 3, p. 24; Ṭurayḥī, ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn'', vol. 2, p. 131.</ref>. | ||
Al-Harbi, in ''al-Manasik'', said there was a mosque in al- | Al-Harbi, in ''al-Manasik'', said there was a mosque in al-Rabatha under the name of Abu Dhar; and it is said that the grave of Abu Dhar was in that mosque.<ref>Ḥarbī, ''al-Manāsik'', p. 327</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||