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Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a): Difference between revisions
Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a) (view source)
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'''The peace treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)''' (Arabic: صلح الإمام الحسن عليه السلام) refers to a peace treaty between Imam [[Hasan b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] with [[Mua'wiya]] (Abu Sufyan's offspring) in [[41]]/661, after [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s demise. This treaty was made after the war whose cause was Mu'awiya's greed and his rejection to pledge allegiance to Imam al-Hasan (a), who had become [[caliph]] of Muslims. This war remained unfinished due to people not supporting Imam al-Hasan (a), the disloyalty of some commanders, protection of [[shi'as]], and the hazard of [[khawarij]]. Consequently, Imam al-Hasan (a) had to accept a peace treaty according to which the [[caliphate]] was handed on to Mu'awiya. This treaty contained some provisions, the most important of which was Mu'awiya not assigning a successor, not to conspire against Imam al-Hasan (a), and to protect Muslims' lives. Mu'awiya conformed to none of these conditions. Imam al-Hasan (a): "If I had had a supporter, I would not have handed the caliphate on to Mu'awiya, for the caliphate is prohibited for Bani 'Umayya." | '''The peace treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)''' (Arabic: صلح الإمام الحسن عليه السلام) refers to a peace treaty between Imam [[Hasan b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] with [[Mua'wiya]] (Abu Sufyan's offspring) in [[41]]/661, after [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]'s demise. This treaty was made after the war whose cause was Mu'awiya's greed and his rejection to pledge allegiance to Imam al-Hasan (a), who had become [[caliph]] of Muslims. This war remained unfinished due to people not supporting Imam al-Hasan (a), the disloyalty of some commanders, protection of [[shi'as]], and the hazard of [[khawarij]]. Consequently, Imam al-Hasan (a) had to accept a peace treaty according to which the [[caliphate]] was handed on to Mu'awiya. This treaty contained some provisions, the most important of which was Mu'awiya not assigning a successor, not to conspire against Imam al-Hasan (a), and to protect Muslims' lives. Mu'awiya conformed to none of these conditions. Imam al-Hasan (a): "If I had had a supporter, I would not have handed the caliphate on to Mu'awiya, for the caliphate is prohibited for Bani 'Umayya." | ||
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|class = <!-- Advanced users only. See the "Custom classes" section below. --> | |class = <!-- Advanced users only. See the "Custom classes" section below. --> | ||
|title = Ziyarah of Imam Al-hasan | |title = Excerpt from Ziyarah of Imam Al-hasan | ||
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...Peace be upon you: O the people of confidence. I bear witness that you did convey, offer advice,endure for the sake of Allah,and forgive when you were belied and maltreated. I also bear witness that you are the orthodox, the well-guided Imams,and that the obedience to you is obligatory,and that your words are true,and that you called (to Allah) but you were not answered,and that you enjoined (the right) but you were not obeyed,and that you are the supports of the religion and the poses of the earth. You were always under the sight of Allah Who moved you from the loins of purified men to the wombs of purified women.The benighted ignorance could not stain you and the whimsical sedition could not attract you. Pleased be you as your origin has been pleasant... | |||
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:After peace, Mu'awiya made a speech at the mosque of Kufa. He started by vilifying Imam Ali (a) and went on to insult Imam Hasan (a). Later he continued by proclaiming: "I am trampling on everything I promised to Hasan." After all his disparaging comments, Imam al-Hasan (a) stood up and made a long resonating speech. | :After peace, Mu'awiya made a speech at the mosque of Kufa. He started by vilifying Imam Ali (a) and went on to insult Imam Hasan (a). Later he continued by proclaiming: "I am trampling on everything I promised to Hasan." After all his disparaging comments, Imam al-Hasan (a) stood up and made a long resonating speech. | ||
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|title = Imam al-Hasan (a) said: | |title = Imam al-Hasan (a) said: | ||
|quote = “O you, who mention Ali, I am al-Hasan and Ali was my father. You are Muawiya and your father was Sakhr (Abu Sufyan). My mother was Fatima and your mother was Hind. My grandfather was the Apostle of God and your grandfather was Harb. My grandmother was Khadija and your grandmother was Futayla. May God curse him who tries to reduce our reputation and to diminish our nobility, who does evil against our antiquity and yet who has been ahead of us in unbelief and hypocrisy.” | |quote = “O you, who mention Ali, I am al-Hasan and Ali was my father. You are Muawiya and your father was Sakhr (Abu Sufyan). My mother was Fatima and your mother was Hind. My grandfather was the Apostle of God and your grandfather was Harb. My grandmother was Khadija and your grandmother was Futayla. May God curse him who tries to reduce our reputation and to diminish our nobility, who does evil against our antiquity and yet who has been ahead of us in unbelief and hypocrisy.” | ||
|tstyle = text-align: left; | |tstyle = text-align: left; | ||
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Some groups of people in the mosque said: “Amen, Amen” | Some groups of people in the mosque said: “Amen, Amen” | ||
*Second stipulation: | *Second stipulation: | ||
:Although Imam al-Hasan (a) was under his friends' pressure for the first clause of the treaty, he remained loyal to his promise, but if he wanted, he was free to alter or transform his provisions. Because caliphate was conditional, yet Mu'awiya was not loyal to any of the provisions he was provided to fulfill. Ilhaq zina ila al-nasab (means when a woman gets pregnant by adultery, and the baby is regarded as his husband's offspring. So, the orders and principles between a father and an offspring come true in this situation. It is against Islamic ahkam), saying [[Friday Prayer]] on Wednesday, suspending divine limits, declaring [[riba]] as jayiz, announcing [[adhan]] for Eid prayer, making [[khutba]] before Eid prayer, declaring the obligation of paying [[zakat]] for gifts, debauchery and impudence, and forging [[hadiths]] were Mu'awiya's innovatory traditions (a regime of religious heresy) which was completely against [[sunna]] of [[the holy Prophet]] (s). Mu'awiya violated the second clause of the treaty by passing his son [[Yazid]] as his successor. | :Although Imam al-Hasan (a) was under his friends' pressure for the first clause of the treaty, he remained loyal to his promise, but if he wanted, he was free to alter or transform his provisions. Because caliphate was conditional, yet Mu'awiya was not loyal to any of the provisions he was provided to fulfill. Ilhaq zina ila al-nasab (means when a woman gets pregnant by adultery, and the baby is regarded as his husband's offspring. So, the orders and principles between a father and an offspring come true in this situation. It is against Islamic ahkam), saying [[Friday Prayer]] on Wednesday, suspending divine limits, declaring [[riba]] as jayiz, announcing [[adhan]] for Eid prayer, making [[khutba]] before Eid prayer, declaring the obligation of paying [[zakat]] for gifts, debauchery and impudence, and forging [[hadiths]] were Mu'awiya's innovatory traditions (a regime of religious heresy) which was completely against [[sunna]] of [[the holy Prophet]] (s). Mu'awiya violated the second clause of the treaty by passing his son [[Yazid]] as his successor. | ||