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Banu Hashim: Difference between revisions
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With the selection of [['Uthman]] for the caliphate, the enmity between Banu 'Umayya and Banu Hashim revived again; because in this period Banu 'Umayya took control of the power and the ground for tribal revenges became ready; for example, [[Abu Sufyan]] asked 'Uthman to preserve the caliphate in Banu 'Umayya, because there is neither [[Paradise]] nor [[fire]] (there's only the competition over the reign). | With the selection of [['Uthman]] for the caliphate, the enmity between Banu 'Umayya and Banu Hashim revived again; because in this period Banu 'Umayya took control of the power and the ground for tribal revenges became ready; for example, [[Abu Sufyan]] asked 'Uthman to preserve the caliphate in Banu 'Umayya, because there is neither [[Paradise]] nor [[fire]] (there's only the competition over the reign). | ||
In the opposite, Imam 'Ali (a) rejecting this tribal bias, considered the [[faith]], sincerity, and piety as the essential | In the opposite, Imam 'Ali (a) rejecting this tribal bias, considered the [[faith]], sincerity, and piety as the essential criteria for the ruler. | ||
===Caliphate of Imam 'Ali (a) and Imam al-Hasan (a)=== | ===Caliphate of Imam 'Ali (a) and Imam al-Hasan (a)=== | ||
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After Imam 'Ali (a), in the short caliphate of [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)|Imam al-Hasan (a)]] (40/660-41/661) despite the support of Banu Hashim, some of the noble of Banu Hashim, like [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], the commander of the Army of Imam al-Hasan, joined the army of [[Mu'awiya]], which made Imam al-Hasan to the peace with [[Mu'awiya]]. | After Imam 'Ali (a), in the short caliphate of [[Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a)|Imam al-Hasan (a)]] (40/660-41/661) despite the support of Banu Hashim, some of the noble of Banu Hashim, like [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]], the commander of the Army of Imam al-Hasan, joined the army of [[Mu'awiya]], which made Imam al-Hasan to the peace with [[Mu'awiya]]. | ||
===Mu'awiya and the | ===Mu'awiya and the Revival of the Tribal Bias=== | ||
In the period of the rule of Mu'awiya, tribal conflicts raised more than ever; for example Mu'awiya in the battle with Imam 'Ali ([[battle of Siffin]]), considered the army of [[Kufa]] as the adherents of Banu Hashim. | In the period of the rule of Mu'awiya, tribal conflicts raised more than ever; for example Mu'awiya in the battle with Imam 'Ali ([[battle of Siffin]]), considered the army of [[Kufa]] as the adherents of Banu Hashim. | ||
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when [['Ubayd Allah b. Zubayr]] seized [[Mecca]] in 63/682 and caused much difficulties for the rule of Umayyads, Banu Hashim refused to pledge allegiance to him, despite their enmity toward the oppressive rule of Banu 'Umayya; so he exiled, or according to a report, imprisoned important figures of Banu Hashim, like [[Muhammad b. Hanafiyya]] and [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]]. | when [['Ubayd Allah b. Zubayr]] seized [[Mecca]] in 63/682 and caused much difficulties for the rule of Umayyads, Banu Hashim refused to pledge allegiance to him, despite their enmity toward the oppressive rule of Banu 'Umayya; so he exiled, or according to a report, imprisoned important figures of Banu Hashim, like [[Muhammad b. Hanafiyya]] and [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]]. | ||
After the repression of the insurgency of 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, Umayyads continued their oppression over Banu Hashim and harassed and tortured their supporters. One instance of the subject is the order of [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] to | After the repression of the insurgency of 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, Umayyads continued their oppression over Banu Hashim and harassed and tortured their supporters. One instance of the subject is the order of [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] to cut the hands and tongue of [[Kumayt b. Ziyad al-Asadi]], because of his elegy for [[Zayd b. 'Ali b. al-Husayn]]. | ||
Despite that the revenge of Banu 'Umayya put a lot of pressure over Banu Hashim, | Despite that the revenge of Banu 'Umayya put a lot of pressure over Banu Hashim, their influence over people didn't decline; for example, one of the reasons mentioned for the defeat of 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, is his harsh encounter with Banu Hashim, and when [[Ziyad b. Salih]] started rebellion against Umayyads (133/750) he was calling for Banu Hashim. Also the supporters of [['Abbasids]] in [[Iran]] were calling people to support Banu Hashim. | ||
===Banu 'Abbas=== | ===Banu 'Abbas=== | ||
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{{main|Banu 'Abbas}} | {{main|Banu 'Abbas}} | ||
In most of the [[Umayyads]] period, Banu Hashim despite the differences of clans, had a | In most of the [[Umayyads]] period, Banu Hashim despite the differences of clans, had a united political appearance. But in the late of Umayyads period, Banu Hashim had two social presences as the descendants of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] (Banu 'Ali) and the descendants of [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (Banu 'Abbas). | ||
The growth of the social discontent over the rule of [[Banu 'Umayya]], caused the formation of uprisings in the first half of the 2nd/8th century. The growing tendency of people towards [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and their rejection of the request for an uprising (for the loss of proper conditions), made the opportunity for Banu 'Abbas. | The growth of the social discontent over the rule of [[Banu 'Umayya]], caused the formation of uprisings in the first half of the 2nd/8th century. The growing tendency of people towards [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and their rejection of the request for an uprising (for the loss of proper conditions), made the opportunity for Banu 'Abbas. | ||
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So with the insistence of Banu 'Abbas over faking themselves as the progeny of [[the Prophet (s)]], the rule of Abbasids was famous as the rule of Banu Hashim. In contrast, [[Shi'a]]s who didn't tolerate the abuse of the title, mentioned them as "Banu 'Abbas". | So with the insistence of Banu 'Abbas over faking themselves as the progeny of [[the Prophet (s)]], the rule of Abbasids was famous as the rule of Banu Hashim. In contrast, [[Shi'a]]s who didn't tolerate the abuse of the title, mentioned them as "Banu 'Abbas". | ||
After all, till the end of Abbasid period, the title of Banu Hashim was mostly used for Banu 'Abbas, and was against the title of [[Banu Abu Talib]] and Banu 'Ali (or [[Alawis]]); but before this period when [[Kumayt b. Zayd al-Asadi]] composed his famous poem "[[Hashimiyyat]]", his intention was to mention the passions of the descendants of Imam 'Ali (a); and today in Shi'a societies Banu Hashim is only told to the descendants of the Prophet (s) who are only remained from his daughter [[lady Fatima (s)]] and his | After all, till the end of Abbasid period, the title of Banu Hashim was mostly used for Banu 'Abbas, and was against the title of [[Banu Abu Talib]] and Banu 'Ali (or [[Alawis]]); but before this period when [[Kumayt b. Zayd al-Asadi]] composed his famous poem "[[Hashimiyyat]]", his intention was to mention the passions of the descendants of Imam 'Ali (a); and today in Shi'a societies Banu Hashim is only told to the descendants of the Prophet (s) who are only remained from his daughter [[lady Fatima (s)]] and his son in law, Imam 'Ali (a). | ||
The political conflict of Abbasids and Alawis, caused that Abbasid rulers supported the Sunni scholars against the Shi'a belief which considers Ahl al-Bayt as the only rightful successors of the Prophet (s). | The political conflict of Abbasids and Alawis, caused that Abbasid rulers supported the Sunni scholars against the Shi'a belief which considers Ahl al-Bayt as the only rightful successors of the Prophet (s). | ||