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Banu Hashim: Difference between revisions
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===The Umayyad Bias=== | ===The Umayyad Bias=== | ||
With the selection of [['Uthman]] for the caliphate, the enmity between Banu | With the selection of [['Uthman]] for the caliphate, the enmity between Banu Umayya and Banu Hashim revived again; because in this period Banu Umayya took control of the power and the ground for tribal revenges became ready; for example, [[Abu Sufyan]] asked 'Uthman to preserve the caliphate in Banu Umayya, because there is neither [[Paradise]] nor [[fire]] (there's only the competition over the reign). | ||
In the opposite, Imam 'Ali (a) rejecting this tribal bias, considered the [[faith]], sincerity, and piety as the essential criteria for the ruler. | In the opposite, Imam 'Ali (a) rejecting this tribal bias, considered the [[faith]], sincerity, and piety as the essential criteria for the ruler. | ||
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In the period of the rule of Mu'awiya, tribal conflicts raised more than ever; for example Mu'awiya in the battle with Imam 'Ali ([[battle of Siffin]]), considered the army of [[Kufa]] as the adherents of Banu Hashim. | In the period of the rule of Mu'awiya, tribal conflicts raised more than ever; for example Mu'awiya in the battle with Imam 'Ali ([[battle of Siffin]]), considered the army of [[Kufa]] as the adherents of Banu Hashim. | ||
The view was prevalent in the rule of the successors of Mu'awiya. [[Umayyad]] rulers, put their effort to reject the religious motivations in the [[:category:history of early Islam|history of early Islam]], and even the rise of Islam itself; and in contrary, pretended it as [[tribal conflicts]]. An obvious instance of the view, is the words of [[Yazid]], after the event of [['Ashura']], when he explicitly rejected the [[revelation]] and the [[apostleship]], and considered Islam as only a political play of Banu Hashim against Banu | The view was prevalent in the rule of the successors of Mu'awiya. [[Umayyad]] rulers, put their effort to reject the religious motivations in the [[:category:history of early Islam|history of early Islam]], and even the rise of Islam itself; and in contrary, pretended it as [[tribal conflicts]]. An obvious instance of the view, is the words of [[Yazid]], after the event of [['Ashura']], when he explicitly rejected the [[revelation]] and the [[apostleship]], and considered Islam as only a political play of Banu Hashim against Banu Umayya. | ||
When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid in [[Medina]], Banu Hashim supported him; and some of Banu Hashim ([[Banu 'Aqil]] and [[Banu 'Ali]]) accompanied him in his uprising against Yazid. | When [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid in [[Medina]], Banu Hashim supported him; and some of Banu Hashim ([[Banu 'Aqil]] and [[Banu 'Ali]]) accompanied him in his uprising against Yazid. | ||
when [['Ubayd Allah b. Zubayr]] seized [[Mecca]] in 63/682 and caused much difficulties for the rule of Umayyads, Banu Hashim refused to pledge allegiance to him, despite their enmity toward the oppressive rule of Banu | when [['Ubayd Allah b. Zubayr]] seized [[Mecca]] in 63/682 and caused much difficulties for the rule of Umayyads, Banu Hashim refused to pledge allegiance to him, despite their enmity toward the oppressive rule of Banu Umayya; so he exiled, or according to a report, imprisoned important figures of Banu Hashim, like [[Muhammad b. Hanafiyya]] and [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]]. | ||
After the repression of the insurgency of 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, Umayyads continued their oppression over Banu Hashim and harassed and tortured their supporters. One instance of the subject is the order of [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] to cut the hands and tongue of [[Kumayt b. Ziyad al-Asadi]], because of his elegy for [[Zayd b. 'Ali b. al-Husayn]]. | After the repression of the insurgency of 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, Umayyads continued their oppression over Banu Hashim and harassed and tortured their supporters. One instance of the subject is the order of [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] to cut the hands and tongue of [[Kumayt b. Ziyad al-Asadi]], because of his elegy for [[Zayd b. 'Ali b. al-Husayn]]. | ||
Despite that the revenge of Banu | Despite that the revenge of Banu Umayya put a lot of pressure over Banu Hashim, their influence over people didn't decline; for example, one of the reasons mentioned for the defeat of 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, is his harsh encounter with Banu Hashim, and when [[Ziyad b. Salih]] started rebellion against Umayyads (133/750) he was calling for Banu Hashim. Also the supporters of [['Abbasids]] in [[Iran]] were calling people to support Banu Hashim. | ||
===Banu 'Abbas=== | ===Banu 'Abbas=== | ||
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In most of the [[Umayyads]] period, Banu Hashim despite the differences of clans, had a united political appearance. But in the late of Umayyads period, Banu Hashim had two social presences as the descendants of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] (Banu 'Ali) and the descendants of [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (Banu 'Abbas). | In most of the [[Umayyads]] period, Banu Hashim despite the differences of clans, had a united political appearance. But in the late of Umayyads period, Banu Hashim had two social presences as the descendants of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] (Banu 'Ali) and the descendants of [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] (Banu 'Abbas). | ||
The growth of the social discontent over the rule of [[Banu | The growth of the social discontent over the rule of [[Banu Umayya]], caused the formation of uprisings in the first half of the 2nd/8th century. The growing tendency of people towards [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and their rejection of the request for an uprising (for the loss of proper conditions), made the opportunity for Banu 'Abbas. | ||
Banu 'Abbas, because of the social status of Banu Hashim, exaggerated their relationship with Banu Hashim, and started their activities under the slogan of "[[the Hashimi call]]". | Banu 'Abbas, because of the social status of Banu Hashim, exaggerated their relationship with Banu Hashim, and started their activities under the slogan of "[[the Hashimi call]]". | ||
The social background of the conflict of Banu | The social background of the conflict of Banu Umayya and Banu Hashim, which Umayyads had provoked, effected the choice of the title of "Hashimi". The allegiance of Banu 'Abbas was with the title of "[[Hashimi allegiance]]", with the justification that the rule is the right for Banu Hashim, and Banu 'Abbas are from this tribe. | ||
So with the insistence of Banu 'Abbas over faking themselves as the progeny of [[the Prophet (s)]], the rule of Abbasids was famous as the rule of Banu Hashim. In contrast, [[Shi'a]]s who didn't tolerate the abuse of the title, mentioned them as "Banu 'Abbas". | So with the insistence of Banu 'Abbas over faking themselves as the progeny of [[the Prophet (s)]], the rule of Abbasids was famous as the rule of Banu Hashim. In contrast, [[Shi'a]]s who didn't tolerate the abuse of the title, mentioned them as "Banu 'Abbas". | ||