Kumayl b. Ziyad al-Nakha'i: Difference between revisions

| title   = Kumayl b. ziyad al-Nakha'i

| image   = کمیل بن زیاد.jpg

| caption   = Tomb of Kumayl b. ziyad in [[Kufa]], [[Iraq]]

| Full name   = Kumayl b. Ziyad b. Nahik al-Nakha'i al-Sohbani al-Kufi

| Epithet =

| Lineage   = [[Nakha']] tribe

| Birth = 12/633

| Death/martyrdom= Kufa, [[82]]/701

| Cause of Death/martyrdom = killed by the order of [[Hajjaj .b Yusuf]]

| Well known relatives   =

| Activities = Governor of [[Hit]]

'''Kumayl b. Zīyād b. Nahīk al-Nakha'ī al-Ṣuhbānī al-Kūfī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|کُمَیل بن زِیاد بن نَهِیک نَخَعي الصُهباني الکوفي}}) ( b.[[12]]/633 - d. [[82]]/701) was one of the [[Tabi'un]] and an important [[:category:companions of Imam Ali (a)|companion of Imam Ali (a)]] and [[:category:companions of Imam al-Hasan (a)|Imam al-Hasan (a)]]. He was one of the first people who suggested the deposition of [['Uthman b. 'Affan|'Uthman]], and the [[Caliphate]] of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. During Imam Ali's (a) Caliphate, he was the governor of a region called [[Hit]] for a short time. When [[Mu'awiya]]'s army, plundered Hit, Imam Ali (a) rebuked him for negligence in protecting the city. Lots of [[hadith]]s have been narrated from him in [[Shi'a]] sources, the most famous of which is [[Du'a al-Kumayl]] (supplication of Kumayl). In [[Sunni]] sources, however, Kumayl is described as "Ghalil al-Hadith" (someone who has narrated few hadiths) and, even sometimes, he has been dispraised.

Kumayl was from the tribe of [[Nakha']] and his father was [[Ziyad b. Nahik]]. [[The Prophet (s)]] has been quoted "O, [[Allah]], bless the Nakha'."[[Muhammad Dashti]], has mentioned that [[Harith b. Ziyad]] -the murderer of [[Two Sons of Muslim b. 'Aqil|Muslim b. 'Aqil's two children]] and the companion of [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]]- was Kumayl's brother.

Kumayl's birthdate has not been reported in historical sources. However, Zirikli mentioned that he was born in [[12]]/633.

Kumayl was one of the [[Tabi'un]] and one of the close [[:category:companions of Imam Ali (a)|companions of Imam Ali (a)]] and [[:category:companions of Imam al-Hasan (a)|companions of Imam al-Hasan (a)]]. He was 18 when [[the Prophet (s)]] passed away. He was one of the first [[Shi'a]]s who pledged [[allegiance]] to [[Imam Ali (a)]] in the first days of his [[Caliphate]]. He participated in the battles took place in Imam Ali's (a) Caliphate, including [[the Battle of Siffin]]. He was trusted by Imam Ali (a) to the extent that Imam would told him some secrets.

He and [['Amr b. Zurara b. Qays al-Nakha'i]] were among the first people who suggested deposition of [['Uthman b. 'Affan|'Uthman]] and the Caliphate of Imam Ali (a). Kumayl is one of 10 persons who were exiled from [[Kufa]] to [[Levant]], during the Caliphate of 'Uthman.

During Imam Ali's (a) reign, he was appointed as the governor of [[Hit]], a city near [[Baghdad]].

When he was informed that [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan|Mu'awiya]]'s army, led by [[Sufyan b. 'Uwf]], want to attack Hit, under the false impression that they had camped in [[Qarqisiya]], he left Hit toward Qarqisiya without [[Imam Ali]]'s (a) permission. He left 50 armed soldiers in Hit for protecting the city. Mu'awiya's army took advantage of this opportunity, and invaded Hit. Imam Ali (a) rebuked him in a letter (number 61 in [[Nahj al-Balagha]]) for his action.

Kumayl has narrated [[hadith]]s from [[Imam Ali (a)]], [['Umar b. Khattab]], [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], [[Ibn Mas'ud]], [[Abu Hurayra]], and others. [['Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abis]], [[Abu Ishaq Subay'i]], 'Abbas .b Zurayh, 'Abd Allah .b Yazid Sahbani, A'mash, 'Abd al-Rahman .b Jundab, and others have narrated hadiths from him.

Lots of hadiths have been narrated from him in [[Shi'a]] sources. However, he was described as Ghalil al-Hadith (someone who has narrated just few hadiths) in [[Sunni]] sources. Ibn Habban and Ibn Ma'in said that he was a [[Thiqa]] (reliable) narrator. Though, he was dispraised in some Sunni books.

===Du'a al-Kumayl===

{{Main|Du'a al-Kumayl}}

The original name of this [[du'a]] (supplication) –which he has narrated it from [[Imam Ali (a)]]- is Du'a al-Khidr, nevertheless, it is known by the name of its narrator as [[Du'a al-Kumayl]]. Kumayl was one of the most pious and ascetic people in Kufa.

[[Imam Ali (a)]] had foretold Kumayl's demise. Most historians said that he passed away in [[82]]/701, but Tabari said it was in [[83]]/702, and 'Asqalani quoted [[Yahya b. Ma'in]] that it was in [[88]]/707.

He was 70 when he passed away. [[Dhahabi]] narrated from Mada'ini that he was 90.

He was killed by the order of [[Hajjaj .b Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. Hajjaj summoned him but he fled, so Hajjaj persecuted his relatives and tribe. When he knew that, he went to Hajjaj, and after a conversation between them, Hajjaj gave the order for his execution.

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