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Kumayl b. Ziyad al-Nakha'i

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Kumayl b. Zīyād b. Nahīk al-Nakhaʿī al-Ṣuhbānī al-Kūfī (Arabic: کُمَیل بن زِیاد بن نَهِیک النَخَعي الصُهباني الکوفي) ( b.12/633-4 - d. 82/701-2) was one of the Tabi'un and an important companion of Imam Ali (a) and Imam al-Hasan (a). He was one of the first people who suggested the deposition of 'Uthman, and the caliphate of Imam Ali (a). During Imam Ali's (a) caliphate, he was the governor of a region called Hit for a short time. When Mu'awiya's army, plundered Hit, Imam Ali (a) rebuked him for negligence in protecting the city. Lots of hadiths have been narrated from him in Shi'a sources, the most famous of which is Supplication of Kumayl. In Sunni sources, however, Kumayl is described as "Ghalil al-Hadith" (someone who has narrated few hadiths) and, even sometimes, he has been dispraised.

Kumayl b. Ziyad al-Nakha'i
Tomb of Kumayl b. ziyad in Kufa, Iraq
Tomb of Kumayl b. ziyad in Kufa, Iraq
Full NameKumayl b. Ziyad b. Nahik al-Nakha'i al-Suhbani al-Kufi
Companion ofImam Ali (a), Imam al-Hasan (a)
LineageNakha' tribe
Birth12/633-4
Place(s) of ResidenceKufa
Death/Martyrdom82/701-2
Cause of
Death/Martyrdom		Killed by the order of al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf
Burial PlaceKufa

Lineage and Family

Kumayl was from the tribe of Nakha' and his father was Ziyad b. Nahik.

The Prophet (s) has been quoted "O, Allah, bless the Nakha'."[1]

Muhammad Dashti, has mentioned that Harith b. Ziyad -the murderer of Muslim b. 'Aqil's two children and the companion of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad- was Kumayl's brother.[2]

Kumayl's birthdate has not been reported in historical sources. However, al-Zirikli mentioned that he was born in 12/633-4.[3]

During Imam Ali's Caliphate

Kumayl was one of the Tabi'un and one of the close companions of Imam Ali (a) and companions of Imam al-Hasan (a).[4] He was eighteen when the Prophet (s) passed away. He was one of the first Shi'as who pledged allegiance to Imam Ali (a) in the first days of his caliphate. He participated in the battles took place in Imam Ali's (a) caliphate, including the Battle of Siffin.[5] He was trusted by Imam Ali (a) to the extent that Imam would told him some secrets.[6]

He and 'Amr b. Zurara b. Qays al-Nakha'i were among the first people who suggested deposition of 'Uthman and the caliphate of Imam Ali (a).[7] Kumayl is one of ten persons who were exiled from Kufa to Syria, during the caliphate of 'Uthman.[8]

Imam Ali's (a) Officer

During Imam Ali's (a) reign, he was appointed as the governor of Hit, a city near Baghdad.[9] When he was informed that Mu'awiya's army, led by Sufyan b. 'Uwf, want to attack Hit, under the false impression that they had camped in Qarqisiya, he left Hit toward Qarqisiya without Imam Ali's (a) permission. He left fifty armed soldiers in Hit for protecting the city. Mu'awiya's army took advantage of this opportunity, and invaded Hit. Imam Ali (a) rebuked him[10] in a letter (number 61 in Nahj al-balagha) for his action.[11] After Imam Ali's (a) martyrdom, he stood by Imam al-Hasan (a) and became one of his companions.[12]

Narration

Kumayl has narrated hadiths from Imam Ali (a), 'Umar b. al-Khattab, 'Uthman b. 'Affan, Ibn Mas'ud, Abu Hurayra, and others. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abis, Abu Ishaq al-Subay'i, al-'Abbas b. Zurayh, 'Abd Allah b. Yazid al-Sahbani, al-A'mash, 'Abd al-Rahman b. Jundub, and others have narrated hadiths from him.[13]

Lots of hadiths have been narrated from him in Shi'a sources. However, he was described as Ghalil al-Hadith (someone who has narrated just few hadiths) in Sunni sources. Ibn Hibban and Ibn Ma'in said that he was a thiqa (reliable) narrator. Though, he was dispraised in some Sunni books.[14]

Supplication of Kumayl

Main article: Supplication of Kumayl

The original name of this supplication –which he has narrated it from Imam Ali (a)- is Supplication of Khidr, nevertheless, it is known by the name of its narrator as Supplication of Kumayl. Kumayl was one of the most pious and ascetic people in Kufa.

Some of Imam Ali's testament to him have been quoted in some Shia sources.

 
For the full text, see text:Supplication of Kumayl.

[15] A summary of these wills have also been narrated in the book Tuhaf al-'uqul.[16]

Demise

Imam Ali (a) had foretold Kumayl's demise.[17] Most historians said that he passed away in 82/701-2,[18] but al-Tabari said it was in 83/702-3,[19] and al-'Asqalani quoted Yahya b. Ma'in that it was in 88/706-7.[20]

He was 70 when he passed away.[21] Al-Dhahabi narrated from al-Mada'ini that he was 90.

He was killed by the order of al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi.[22] Al-Hajjaj summoned him but he fled, so al-Hajjaj persecuted his relatives and tribe. When he knew that, he went to al-Hajjaj, and after a conversation between them, al-Hajjaj gave the order for his execution.[23] His tomb is located in Thuwayya, on the route of Kufa to Najaf, near the al-Hannana mosque.[24]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 1, p. 75; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 1, p. 261.
  2. ↑ Dashtī, Tarjuma-yi nahj al-balāgha, p. 599, under letter 61.
  3. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 1, p. 478; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 4, p. 296; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 226.
  4. ↑ Rāwandī, Minhāj al-barāʿa, vol. 21, p. 219; Mufīd, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ, p. 7.
  5. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba, vol. 5, p. 486; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 6, p. 217; Mufīd, al-Ikhtiṣāṣ, p. 107.
  6. ↑ Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī, Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs, vol. 15, p. 668.
  7. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 5, p. 517.
  8. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 3, p. 365.
  9. ↑ Dashtī, Tarjuma-yi nahj al-balāgha, p. 591.
  10. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 2, p. 473.
  11. ↑ Dashtī, Tarjuma-yi nahj al-balāgha, p. 599.
  12. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Rijāl, p. 97.
  13. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba, vol. 5, p. 486.
  14. ↑ Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, vol. 13, p. 68.
  15. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 5, p. 119; vol. 16, p. 354; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 1, p. 187, 189, 223, 258; vol. 2, p. 298; vol. 23, p. 44, 47-48; vol. 33, p. 399; vol. 58, p. 84; vol. 63, p. 424-425; vol. 71, p. 314-319; vol. 74, p. 271, 276, 278; vol. 74, p. 414; vol. 75, p. 75; vol. 80, p. 284; vol. 81, p. 229.
  16. ↑ Ibn Shuʿba, Tuḥaf al-ʿuqūl, p. 171-176.
  17. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 41, p. 316; Ibn Shahrāshūb, al-Manāqib, vol. 2, p. 271.
  18. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 5, p. 486; Khalīfa b. Khayyāt, Tarīkh-i khalīfa, p. 182; Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, vol. 6, p. 177.
  19. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 8, p. 16.
  20. ↑ Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, vol. 8, p. 82.
  21. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 5, p. 486.
  22. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 5, p. 486.
  23. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 5, p. 486.
  24. ↑ ʿAlawī, Rāhnamāyi muṣawwar-i safar-i zīyāratī Irāq, p. 145.

References

  • Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. Ansāb al-ashrāf. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Bihbūdī. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1394 AH.
  • Dashtī, Muḥammad. Tarjuma-yi nahj al-balāgha. 4th edition. Qom: Intishārāt-i Mashriqayn, 1379 Sh.
  • Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad Ṣāmil. Ṭāʾif. Beirut: Maktab al-Ṣiddīq, 1410 AH.
  • Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib. Qom: Intishārāt-i ʿAllāma, 1379 AH.
  • Ibn Shuʿba al-Ḥarrānī, Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. Tuḥaf al-ʿuqūl ʿan Āl-i al-Rasūl. Qom: Intishārāt-i Jāmiʿa Mudarrisīn, 1404 AH.
  • Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār al-jāmiʿa li-durar akhbār al-aʾimmat al-aṭhār. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Wafaʾ, 1403 AH.
  • Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. al-. Al-Ansāb. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yaḥyā al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. 1st edition. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1382 AH/1962.
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  • Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn al-. Al-Aʿlām qāmūs tarājum li ashhar al-rijāl wa al-nisāʾ min al-ʿarab wa al-mustaʿribīn wa al-mustashriqīn. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-al-Malāyīn, 1989.
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