Abu Thumama al-Sa'idi
 Tomb of Martyrs of Karbala in the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a) | |
| Full Name | 'Amr b. 'Abd Allah al-Sa'idi |
|---|---|
| Companion of | Imam 'Ali (a), Imam al-Hasan (a), Imam al-Husayn (a) |
| Teknonym | Abu Thumama |
| Lineage | Banu Sa'id |
| Place(s) of Residence | Kufa |
| Death/Martyrdom | 61/680 |
| Cause ofDeath/Martyrdom | Martyrdom in event of 'Ashura' |
| Burial Place | Holy shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a), Karbala, Iraq |
ʿAmr b. ʿAbd ʾAllāh b. Kaʿb (Arabic: عمرو بن عبدالله بن کعب) also known as ʾAbū Thumāma al-Ṣa'idī (Arabic: اَبوثُمامة الصائِدي) (or: ʾAbū Thumā'a al-Ṣā'idī, ʾAbū Thumā'a al-Ṣādī, ʾAbū Thumāma al-Ṣaydāwī), was a companion of Imam 'Ali (a) and accompanied him in all of the battles during his caliphate. He was one of the great horse riders of 'Arab and was a prominent Shi'a in Kufa. He joined Imam al-Husayn (a) on his way toward Kufa from Mecca and accompanied him in the Battle of Karbala. On 'Ashura', at noon, he mentioned that the noon prayer's time had come, and Imam al-Husayn (a) asked Allah blessing for him. He was martyred in Karbala on 'Ashura' (61/681).
Name and Lineage
Most of sources mentioned the name "'Amr" for him; but there are differences in other details -maybe some of these differences is because of the faults of the copyists- for example some brought his teknonym is mentioned as Abu Tumama[1] and his name as Ziyad[2] and 'Umar[3] and his surname as Sa'idi[4] (Ṣāʿidī, صائدي), Ansari,[5] Saydawi,[6] Sa'idi (Ṣāʾidī, صاعدي).[7] Banu Sa'id is one of the branches of Hamdan tribe. Some genealogy sources mentioned the complete name as: Ziyad b. 'Amr b. 'Arib b. Hanzala b. Daram b. 'Abd Allah al-Sa'idi.[8]
In the Uprising of Imam al-Husayn (a)
He was a companion of Imam 'Ali (a) and accompanied him in all of the battles during his caliphate. Then he became a companion of Imam al-Hasan (a) and accompanied him in his conflict with Mu'awiya. After that, he became a companion of Imam al-Husayn (a) and stayed in Kufa after Imam al-Husayn moved toward Medina.
After Mu'awiya's death, he was among the people who gathered in the house of Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i to invite Imam al-Husayn (a) to Kufa and he sent a letter to Mecca to Imam al-Husayn (a).[9]
He was one of the great horse riders of Arab and was a prominent Shi'a in Kufa. While Muslim b. 'Aqil was in Kufa, he raised people's charity, managed financial affairs and bought weapons,[10] the field that he was an expert in.
In the uprising of people of Kufa against 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad, Muslim b. 'Aqil assigned Abu Thumama as the commander of Tamim and Hamdan tribes.[11]
Adopting the policy of bribing and terrifying the heads of important tribes, 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad dispersed people from around Muslim b. 'Aqil and martyred him. After Muslim b. 'Aqil, 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad pursued Abu Thumama. He hid in his tribe for some days,[12] then secretly left Kufa along with Nafi' b. Hilal. He joined Imam al-Husayn (a) on his way from Mecca to Kufa and accompanied him to Karbala.[13]
Some of his actions on the day of 'Ashura' is preventing Kathir b. 'Abd Allah al-Sha'bi, the herald of 'Umar b. Sa'd, to carry his weapon before Imam al-Husayn (a). And at noon, he mentioned that the noon prayer's time had come, and Imam al-Husayn (a) asked Allah blessing for him.[14]
Martyrdom
There is little information about his fighting and martyrdom. However, according to al-Tabari, after the martyrdom of Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi, Abu Thumama continued fighting until he was martyred. From his conversation with Imam al-Husayn (a), it's obvious that he had accepted the fighting and martyrdom with Imam al-Husayn (a), knowingly and willingly.[15]
Notes
- ↑ Khwārizmī, Maqtal al-Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 206.
- ↑ ʿAlī b. Aḥmad, Jumhurat ansāb al-ʿarab, p. 395.
- ↑ Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, Iqbāl al-aʿmāl, vol. 3, p. 79.
- ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib, vol. 3, p. 253.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Rijāl, p. 77; Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 333.
- ↑ ʿAlī b. Aḥmad, Jumhurat ansāb al-ʿarab, p. 395; Dīnawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, p. 238.
- ↑ Ibn Aʿtham, al-Futūḥ, p. 888.
- ↑ ʿAlī b. Aḥmad, Jumhurat ansāb al-ʿarab, p. 395.
- ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 333.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 5, p. 364.
- ↑ Dīnawarī, al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl, p. 238.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 5, p. 369.
- ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 2, p. 333.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 5, p. 410, 439.
- ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 5, p. 410, 439.
References
- Dīnawarī, Aḥmad b. Dāwūd al-. Al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl. Edited by ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿĀmir and Jamāl al-Dīn Shīyāl. Baghdad: 1379 AH/1959.
- Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib. [n.p], [n.d].
- Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Aḥmad b. Aʿtham. Kitāb al-Futūḥ. [n.p], [n.d].
- Khwārizmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Maqtal al-Ḥusayn. [n.p], [n.d].
- Mamaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan. Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl. Najaf: 1350 AH.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār al-jāmiʿa li-durar akhbār al-aʾimmat al-aṭhār. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
- Samāwī, Muḥammad al-. Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Ḥusayn (a). Qom: Maktabat Baṣīratī, 1419 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥaasn al-. Al-Rijāl. Najaf: 1380 AH/1961.
- Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī. [n.p], [n.d].