Zayd b. Sawhan

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Zayd b. Sawhan
Full NameZayd b. Sawhan b. Hijr
Companion ofImam Ali (a)
TeknonymAbu Salman and Abu 'Abd Allah
Religious AffiliationShi'a
Lineage'Abd al-Qays
Wellknown RelativesSa'sa'a b. Sawhan (brother)
Place(s) of ResidenceKufa
Martyrdom36/656
Cause of MartyrdomBattle of Jamal


Zayd b. Ṣawḥān (martyred in 36/656) was among the martyrs of the Battle of Jamal. Zayd was among the standard-bearers of Imam Ali (a) who invited the people of Kufa to support Imam (a) in the battle. In this battle, he carried the flag of 'Abd al-Qays tribe and was martyred. Some sources mentioned his ascesis and so much worships.

Some sources considered him among the companions of the Prophet (s).

Lineage

Zayd b. Sawhan b. Hijr was from 'Abd al-Qays tribe.[1] His teknonym was "Abu Salman" and "Abu 'Abd Allah". Zayd was the elder brother of Sa'sa'a b. Sawhan.[2]

The Time of the Prophet (s) and Caliphs

Some sources considered Zayd among the companions of the Prophet (s)[3] and some others considered him among the Followers (Tabi'un).[4]

In a speech, the Prophet (s) mentioned a person called Zayd a part of whose body would go to the paradise sooner than his body[5] and later his body would be taken to the paradise. Sources considered this speech about Zayd whose hand was cut in the battle with Iran.[6]

Zayd loved Salman Farsi so much, and thus was given the teknonym of Abu Salman.[7]

Zayd was among the people of Kufa who were exiled to Syria by 'Uthman.[8] However, because of his lenient conversation he had with Mu'awiya, he was returned to Kufa.[9]

In a speech, he advised 'Uthman, "you went too far and your people too went too far. Act moderately so that they act moderately too." However, he considered himself obedient to him.[10]

Companion of Imam Ali (a)

Zayd was among the companions of Imam Ali (a)[11] and transmitted hadiths from him.[12]

About Zayd, Imam Ali (a) said, "O Zayd! May God bless you that your costs were low while you were beneficial."

Before the beginning of the Battle of Jamal, there was an argument among those who were from Kufa on whether they should support Imam Ali (a) against 'Aisha or leave both of them. Zayd was among those who invited people to join the army of Imam Ali (a).[13]

'Aisha wrote a letter to Zayd and advised him to go to his house and to give up supporting Ali (a) and even ordered him to invite people to give up Ali (a). But, Zayd did not care about her letter and continued his support for Imam Ali (a).[14] Even with that, according to some sources, 'Aisha became upset after she heard the news of the martyrdom of Zayd and asked God forgiveness for him.

In the Battle of Jamal, Zayd was the commander of the soldiers of 'Abd al-Qays tribe[15] and their standard-bearer.[16]

Imam Ali (a) went to Zayd, some moments before his martyrdom. Zayd said to Imam Ali (a), "O the Master of the Faithfuls (a)! May God give you good rewards. You know God and the Qur'an and your whole spirit is full of God. By God, I swear that I did not rush to help you out of ignorance." Zayd continued and referred to the sermon of Ghadir and mentioned it an argument for his action.[17]

Ascesis

Zayd is considered among the ascetics of his time.[18] He is also mentioned among "Abdal"[19] (an expression in Islamic mysticism which refers to the very sincere servants of God)

Zayd practiced fasting most of the days and spent the nights in worship. He so much insisted on such practices that Salman Farsi advised him toward moderation and reminded him of the rights of his body limbs and rights of his wife.[20]

During the war with Iranians, Zayd was wounded, but he laughed while his blood was running. Someone told him that it was not the place and condition of laughing. Zayd answered, "I expect rewards from God for this. So, why should I spoil it by crying of pain?"[21]

Martyrdom

Zayd was martyred[22] in 36/656, in the Battle of Jamal by the hand of 'Amr b. Yathri or 'Amr b. Sabra.[23]

Zayd made a will that they do not clean the blood off his face or take off his clothes before burial, so that he will be resurrected on the Day of Judgment wearing those clothes.[24]

Mosque of Zayd b. Sawhan

Main article: Mosque of Zayd b. Sawhan

In the south of the mosque of Sahla, near the mosque of Sa'sa'a, there is a mosque called the mosque of Zayd b. Sawhan which is among the old mosques of Kufa. It has been repaired and reconstructed several times and in the books of supplication, some practices are recommended to be performed there.

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām, vol. 3, p. 59.
  2. ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 29, p. 210.
  3. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 139.
  4. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 19, p. 432.
  5. ↑ Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī, Maʿrifat al-sahāba, vol. 2, p. 366.
  6. ↑ Iṣfahānī, al-ʾAghānī, vol. 5, p. 98.
  7. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 2, p. 533.
  8. ↑ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, al-Iṣāba, vol. 2, p. 533.
  9. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 19, p. 431.
  10. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 6, p. 177.
  11. ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 29, p. 210.
  12. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 19, p. 434.
  13. ↑ Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Kitāb al-Futūḥ, vol. 2, p. 460.
  14. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, vol. 1, p. 284.
  15. ↑ Fasawī, al-Maʿrifat wa al-tārīkh, vol. 3, p. 312.
  16. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 139.
  17. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, vol. 1, p. 284.
  18. ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, vol. 1, p. 284.
  19. ↑ Ḥillī, Rijāl, p. 73.
  20. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzī, al-Muntaẓam, vol. 5, p. 111.
  21. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 103.
  22. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 19, p. 431.
  23. ↑ Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 7, p. 101.
  24. ↑ Samʿānī, al-Ansāb, vol. 9, p. 197.

References

  • Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh. Maʿrifat al-sahāba. Edited by ʿAzāzī ʿĀdil bin Yusuf. 1st edition. Riyadh: Dār al-Waṭan, 1419 AH.
  • Amīn, al-Sayyid Muḥsin al-. Aʿyān al-Shīʿa. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt,, 1406 AH.
  • Fasawī, Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān. Al-Maʿrifat wa al-tārīkh. Edited by Akram al-ʿAmrī. 2nd edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Risāla, 1401 AH.
  • Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. Rijāl al-ʿallāma al-Ḥillī. Edited by Sayyid Muḥammad Ṣādiq Baḥr al-ʿUlūm. Qom: al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1402 AH.
  • Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
  • Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Aḥmad b. Aʿtham. Kitāb al-Futūḥ. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwaʾ, 1411 AH-1991.
  • Ibn al-Jawzī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī. Al-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ and Musṭafā ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. 2nd edition. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1418 AH.
  • Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb. 1st edition. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan. Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
  • Iṣfahānī, Abū l-Faraj al-. Al-ʾAghānī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1415 AH.
  • Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl known as Rijāl al-Kashshī. Edited by Ḥasan Muṣṭafawī. 1st edition. Mashhad: Muʾassisa-yi Nashr-i Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1409 AH.
  • Mamaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥasan. Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl. Edited by Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Mamaqānī and Muḥammad Riḍā al-Mamaqānī. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassisa Āl-i al-Bayt li Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1431 AH.
  • Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. al-. Al-Ansāb. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yaḥyā al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. 1st edition. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1382 AH/1962.
  • Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn al-. Al-Aʿlām. Eighth edition. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1989.
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