Safiyya bt. Huyayy
Ṣafīyya bt. Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab b. Saʿya b. Thaʿlaba b. ʿUbayd (Arabic: صفیّة بنت حیيّ بن أخطب بن ثعلبة بن عبید) (d. 50/670-1) was the only non-Arab wife of the Prophet (s). Before Islam, Safiyya married twice; she was captured by Muslims in the Battle of Khaybar after her husband was killed, and then the Prophet (s) married her.
| Wife of the Prophet (s) | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Safiyya bt. Huyayy b. Akhtab |
| Epithet | Umm al-Mu'minin |
| Well-known Relatives | Banu Nadir |
| Place of Birth | Medina |
| Place of Residence | Medina |
| Death/Martyrdom | 50/670-1 |
| Burial Place | Baqi' cemetery, Medina |
| Era | Early Islam |
| Known for | Wife of the Prophet (s) |
| Activities | Defending 'Uthman before his demise |
| |
|---|---|
| Name | Date of Marriage |
| Khadija | (28 BH/595) |
| Sawda | (before Hijra/before 622) |
| Aisha | (1,2, or 4/622, 623, or 625) |
| Hafsa | (3/624) |
| Zaynab (bt. Khuzayma) | (3/624) |
| Umm Salama | (4/625) |
| Zaynab (bt. Jahsh) | (5/627) |
| Juwayriyya | (5 or 6/626 or 627) |
| Umm Habiba | (6 or 7/627 or 628) |
| Mariya | (7/628) |
| Safiyya | (7/628) |
| Maymuna | (7/628) |
According to historical accounts, she was a very admirable and virtuous woman, and she was offended by some of the other wives of the Prophet (s).
She helped the third caliph, 'Uthman, when he was beset by protestors.
She was the last wife of the Prophet (s) who died in Medina and was buried in al-Baqi'.
Parentage
She was from the Jewish kinsman of Banu Nadir whose genealogy traces back to Lawi b. Ya'qub and Nadir b. Naham b. Yanhum from the progeny of Harun b. 'Imran (a) (Aaron), the brother of the prophet Moses (a).[1]
When she was a child, she was closely taken care by her father and her uncle Abu Yasir b. Akhtab who were heads of the Banu Nadir Jews and were noblemen of Medina.[2] When the Prophet (s) immigrated to Medina, her father and uncle turned into enemies of the Prophet (s).
Her mother, Barra, was the daughter of Samu'il[3] and the sister of Rifa'a b. Samu'il who was a Banu Qurayza Jew.[4]
Before Islam
Safiyya was born in Medina. She first got married with Sallam b. Mishkam al-Qurayzi, but they soon separated, and then she married Kinana b. al-Rabi' b. Abi l-Huqayq.[5]
Captivation
After the Hudaybiyya Peace Treaty, in 7/628 the Prophet (s) went to a battle with the Jews of Khaybar. The land was conquered by Muslims. Kinana b. al-Rabi', Safiyya's husband, was killed in this battle.[6] And Muslims won a lot of booties. In conquering the Qumus Fort, one of the seven forts of Khaybar in which Abu l-Huqayq's children resided, some women, including Safiyya, were captivated.[7]
Marriage with the Prophet (s)
The Prophet (s) called Safiyya to Islam, and she converted to Islam. He then emancipated her and then married her.[8]
Safiyya was 17 years old when she married the Prophet (s).[9] The marriage occurred on their way from Khaybar to Medina.[10] The Prophet (s) settled Safiyya in the house of Haritha b. Nu'man. Women from Ansar, as well as Aisha, went there to visit and welcome Safiyya.[11]
Historiographers have taken Safiyya bt. Akhtab to be the only non-Arab wife of the Prophet (s).
According to some historical sources, when Safiyya was captivated, the Prophet (s) saw some bruise in her face and asked her: "What is this?", Safiyya answered: "O' the Prophet! I saw in my dream that a moon is coming from the sky of Yathrib to my lap. I told this to my husband, Kinana, and he told me: it seems that you like to marry a king from Yathrib! And then he stroke me hard in the face".[12]
Characteristics
Safiyya is mentioned as a beautiful, virtuous, wise, and patient woman.[13]
It is reported that at the time of her departure from Khaybar, when the Prophet (s)'s camel was brought for Safiyya to ride, the Prophet (s) put his foot on the stirrup so that Safiyya could put her foot on it and ride on the camel, but as a matter of politeness, Safiyya put her knee on the Prophet (s)'s thigh and rode on the camel.[14]
When the Prophet (s) was dying, Safiyya told him: "O' the Prophet! I swear to God that I had better be sick instead of you so that you recover".[15]
Offense by Other Wives of the Prophet (s)
There are accounts of offenses to Safiyya by other wives of the Prophet (s).[16] For example, it is reported that one day Safiyya was crying. The Prophet (s) asked her about the reason, and she said: "Two of your wives offended me with their talks; they say we are superior to Safiyya because we are the Prophet (s)'s cousins and his wives". The Prophet (s) replied: "Why did you not tell them that your father is Aaron, your uncle is Moses and your husband is Muhammad?"[17]
After the Prophet's (s) Demise
After the Prophet's (s) demise, 'Umar b. al-Khattab considered a 6,000 dirham annual salary for Safiyya.[18]
In 35/656 when the house of 'Uthman, the third caliph, was beset by protesters, Safiyya opened a path from her house to 'Uthman's house in order to supply him with food and water.[19]
Death
According to most accounts, she died in 50/670-1[20] in Medina,[21] but according to some other accounts, she died in 36/656-7[22] or 52/672.[23] Sa'id b. al-'As performed funeral prayer on her corpse,[24] and she was buried in al-Baqi' cemetery.[25] She is said to have been the last of the Prophet (s)'s wives who died.[26]
Hadiths
In the hadith collections, there are ten hadiths that Safiyya has narrated from the Prophet (s).[27].[28] The following are some of the people who narrated hadiths from her:
- Imam al-Sajjad (a)[29]
- Her servant Kinana[30]
- Her servant Yazid b. Mu'tab
- Ishaq b. 'Abd Allah b. al-Harith.[31]
See Also
Notes
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1871; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 169; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 8, p. 64.
- ↑ Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-nabawīyya, vol. 1, p. 518-519.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1871; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 169.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 76.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1871; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 169.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1871.
- ↑ Tārīkh- Islām, vol. 2, p. 421.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1872.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 212.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 444; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 4, p. 196; Ibn Hishām, al-Sīra al-nabawīyya, vol. 2, p. 464; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 99.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 444; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 100.
- ↑ Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 8, p. 46; vol. 4, p. 196; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 170.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 169; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 18712; Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya, vol. 8, p. 64.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 443.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 212; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 101; vol. 2, p. 239.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 212; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 101; vol. 2, p. 239; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 171.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 211; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 170.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 444; Bayhaqī, Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa, vol. 7, p. 286.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 212.
- ↑ Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, vol. 2, p. 238; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 444; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 1872.
- ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām qāmus, vol. 3, p. 206.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 171; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, vol. 2, p. 309.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 212.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 444.
- ↑ Yaʿqūbī, Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī, vol. 2, p. 238.
- ↑ Ibn ʿImrānī, al-Inbāʾ, p. 46.
- ↑ Ziriklī, al-Aʿlām qāmus, vol. 3, p. 206.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 212.
- ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 6, p. 171.
- ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 1, p. 444.
- ↑ Ibn Ḥajar, al-Iṣāba, vol. 8, p. 212.
References
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- Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir Aḥmad ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410 AH/1990.
- Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād. 1st edition. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH.
- Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.p].
- Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn al-. Al-Aʿlām qāmus tarājum li ashhur al-rijāl wa al-nisāʾ min al-ʿarab wa al-mustaʿribīn wa al-mustashriqīn. Eighth edition. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1989 CE.