Umm Farwa bt. al-Qasim
| Mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a) | |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Fatima (or Qariba) bt. Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr |
| Teknonym | Umm Farwa |
| Well-known Relatives | Imam al-Baqir (a) (husband), Imam al-Sadiq (a) (son) |
| Place of Residence | Medina |
| Burial Place | Al-Baqi' Cemetery, Medina |
Umm Farwa (Arabic: اُمّ فروة) was Imam al-Baqir's wife and mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a). She was the daughter of Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr and her lineage also reaches Abu Bakr from her mother's side. Umm Farwa was a good woman who was praised by Imam al-Sadiq (a). She was also considered a narrator of hadith.
Lineage
Umm Farwa was the daughter of Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, Imam al-Baqir's wife and mother of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[1] Her father was al-Qasim who was trustworthy to Imam al-Sajjad (a) and his companion[2] and was known as the jurist of the people of Hijaz.[3]
The name of Imam al-Sadiq's (a) mother was Fatima or Qariba, and her teknonym was Umm Farwa or Umm al-Qasim.[4] Her mother was Asma', daughter of 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Bakr.[5] Since Umm Farwa reached Abu Bakr from both his mother's side and his father's side, Imam al-Sadiq (a) has been called a grandson of Abu Bakr by Sunni people. They narrate a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a) saying, "Fathered me Abu Bakr twice", in which he has twice called himself a child of Abu Bakr. Shi'a regard this narration as forged, and even taking the standards of Sunni people, it is not reliable.
Narration of the Relationship between Imam al-Sadiq (a) and Abu Bakr
In Shi'a Sources
Among Shi'a sources, the above-mentioned narration has only been mentioned in Kashf al-ghumma[6] and al-Irbili has narrated it as a mursal narration (whose chain of transmitters is broken) because al-Hafiz 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Janabidhi has narrated it directly from Imam al-Sadiq (a) while he died in 611/1214-5 and Imam al-Sadiq (a) was martyred in 148/765. Moreover, this narration has not been mentioned in any other Shi'a sources.
In Sunni Sources
This narration has been narrated by al-Dhahabi without any chain of transmission[7] and although it has been mentioned in Tahdhib al-kamil with chain of transmission,[8] in its chain of its transmitters, Hafs b. Ghiyath exists, whose narrations have been considered unreliable.[9] Ibn 'Asakir has also narrated this hadith from a person called Isma'il b. Muhammad b. al-Fadl[10] while al-Dhahabi says that when Ibn 'Asakir met Isma'il, he was very old and his memory was faulty.[11] Besides, in the reference, Ibn 'Asakir has mentioned that for this narration, Mu'adh b. al-Muthanna exists, who is considered unjust by Ahmad b. Hanbal.[12]
Merits
About his mother, Imam al-Sadiq (a) said, "My mother was faithful, pious and a good-doer, and God loves good-doers."[13]
Al-Mas'udi considered her among the most pious women of her time.[14] Mamaqani described her as a pious and good-doing woman.[15] Merits of this woman were so much that some called Imam al-Sadiq (a), "Ibn al-Mukarrama" (Son of the Great Woman).[16]
Narrator of Hadiths
Al-Barqi regarded Umm Farwa among narrators of Imam al-Sadiq's hadiths [17]and al-Mas'udi says that she had narrated hadith from 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a).[18] Also, Mamaqani testified to her trustworthiness.[19]
Imam al-Sadiq (a) said that, "my mother narrated a hadith from my father telling her, 'O Umm Farwa, I ask God a thousand times day and night to forgive the sins of my followers, because due to the knowledge we have about rewards, we tolerate about hardships and trials, while our followers tolerate without knowing about them.'"[20]
Umm Farwa had a maid called Sa'ida who was famous for her knowledge and worship.[21]
Burial Place
Umm Farwa is buried in al-Baqi' cemetery,[22] though the exact location of her grave is unknown. She holds a high status among the Shi'a, such that Imam al-Sadiq (a) was referred to as Ibn al-Mukarrama (the son of the noble lady).
Notes
- ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, p. 526.
- ↑ Qummī, Anwār al-bahīyya, p. 229.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 42, p. 162.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 472; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 47, p. 1.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 393.
- ↑ Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, vol. 2, p. 160.
- ↑ Dhahabī, Sīyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, vol. 6, p. 255.
- ↑ Amīnī Gulistānī, Mādarān-i Chāhārdah Maʿṣūm ʿAlayhim al-Salām, p. 234.
- ↑ Amīnī Gulistānī, Mādarān-i Chāhārdah Maʿṣūm ʿAlayhim al-Salām, p. 234.
- ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 44, p. 453-454.
- ↑ Dhahabī, Sīyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, vol. 20, p. 86.
- ↑ Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila, vol. 1, p. 399.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 472.
- ↑ Masʿūdī, Ithbāt al-waṣīyya, p. 152.
- ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 3, p. 73.
- ↑ Kashshī, Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, p. 212; Qummī, Anwār al-bahīyya, p. 229.
- ↑ Barqī, Kitāb al-Rijāl, p. 62.
- ↑ Masʿūdī, Ithbāt al-waṣīyya, p. 152.
- ↑ Mamaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 3, p. 73.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 72; Masʿūdī, Ithbāt al-waṣīyya, p. 153.
- ↑ Qummī, Anwār al-bahīyya, p. 230.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 472.
References
- Amīnī Gulistānī, Muḥammad. Mādarān-i Chāhārdah Maʿṣūm ʿAlayhim al-Salām Hīchkudām Hingām-i Izdiwāj Bīwa Nabūdand. Qom: Nāshir-i Muʾallif, [n.d].
- Barqī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Kitāb al-Rijāl. Tehran: Intishārat-i Dānishgāh-i Tehran, 1342 Sh.
- Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. al-Aḥmad al-. Sīyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Risāla, 1405 AH.
- Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila. [n.p]: [n.n], [n.d].
- Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan. Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
- Irbilī, ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā al-. Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma. Tabriz: Maktabat Banī Hāshimī, 1381 AH.
- Kashshī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Ikhtīyār maʿrifat al-rijāl known as Rijāl al-Kashshī. Mashhad: Intishārat-i Dānishgāh-i Mashhad, 1348 Sh.
- Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Edited by Najm al-Dīn al-Amulī. Tehran: Al-Maktabat al-Islāmīyya, 1388 AH.
- Qummī, Shaykh ʿAbbās. Anwār al-bahīyya fī tawārīkh al-ḥujaj al-ilāhīyya. Translated by Muḥammad Muḥammadī Ishtihārdī. Qom: Nāṣir, 1380 Sh.
- Mamaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad. Tanqīḥ al-maqāl fī ʿilm al-rijāl. Najaf: Maṭbaʿat al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1352 AH.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Second edition. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH.
- Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Ithbāt al-waṣīyya li-l-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a). Najaf: Maṭbaʿat al-Murtaḍawīyya, [n.d].
- Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Irshād. Translation to Farsi and commentary by Muḥammad Bāqir Sāʿidī. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Bihbūdī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmiyya, 1380 Sh.
