Fatima bt. al-Imam al-Husayn (a)

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This article is about Daughter of Imam al-Husayn (a). For other people named Fatima al-Sughra, see Fatima al-Sughra (disambiguation).
Fatima bt. al-Imam al-Husayn (a)
FatherImam al-Husayn (a)
MotherUmm Ishaq
BirthAround 51/671
Place of BirthMedina
Place(s) of ResidenceMedina
Spouse(s)Al-Hasan al-Muthanna, 'Abd Allah b. 'Amr b. 'Uthman b. 'Affan
Children'Abd Allah, Ibrahim, al-Hasan, and Zaynab from al-Hasan al-Muthanna; Muhammad al-Dibaj, Qasim, and Ruqayya from 'Abd Allah
DemiseAround 117/735-6
Place of BurialMedina


Fāṭima bt. al-Ḥusayn (Arabic: فاطمة بنت الحسین), was the eldest daughter of Imam al-Husayn (a) and her mother was Umm Ishaq. She was present in Karbala, and, according to a hadith from Imam al-Baqir (a), Imam al-Husayn (a) gave her the trusts of Imamate and his written will for safekeeping. She later delivered them to Imam al-Sajjad (a).

Lineage and Birth

Her father was Imam al-Husayn (a) and her mother was Umm Ishaq, the daughter of Talha b. Ubayd Allah.[1]

Her exact date of birth is not known. Still, because her mother was first, married to Imam al-Hasan (a) and then, after his martyrdom, married Imam al-Husayn (a), her birth must have been after the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), probably around 51/671-2.[2]

It is reported that her face was very similar to that of her grandmother, Lady Fatima (a), the daughter of the Prophet (s).


Marriage with al-Hasan al-Muthanna

Before the Tragedy of Karbala, Fatima married her cousin al-Hasan al-Muthanna, the son of Imam al-Hasan (a).[3] It is reported that after her husband passed away, she mourned on his grave for one year, fasting during the day and praying at night.[4] According to a hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari, Fatima built a mausoleum over the grave of her husband.[5]

Presence in Karbala and Captivity

Mourning of Muharram
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Fatima was present in Karbala together with her husband,[6] who was injured in that incident. Together with the other members of Imam al-Husayn's (a) family, Fatima was taken to Kufa and then to Damascus as a captive.[7] She is the narrator for some tragic incidents in Karbala and afterward.[8] There was an exchange of words between her and Yazid at the latter's court.[9] Ahmad b. Ali al-Tabrisi has recorded her debates with the people of Kufa.[10]

Marriage with Abd Allah b. Amr

After al-Hasan al-Muthanna passed away, Fatima married with Abd Allah b. Amr b. Uthman b. Affan.[11] When Abd Allah passed away, Abd al-Rahman b. Dahhak, the governor of Medina, proposed to her, but she refused.[12]

Demise

According to Sibt b. al-Jawzi, her demise was around 117/735-6.[13] Without mentioning her exact date of demise, Ibn Hibban has mentioned that she passed away at the age of 90.[14] Ibn Asakir reports that her demise occurred during the reign of Hisham b. Abd al-Malik.[15] She passed away in Medina.

Children

She had four children from al-Hasan al-Muthanna: Abd Allah, Ibrahim, al-Hasan, and Zaynab.[16] Her children from her second husband Abd Allah b. Amr were Muhammad al-Dibaj, Qasim, and Ruqayya.[17] Most of her descendants were killed or imprisoned because of their opposition to Abbasid caliphate.[18]

characteristics

Custodian of the Trusts of Imamate

According to a hadith from Imam al-Baqir (a), before his martyrdom, Imam al-Husayn (a) gave the Trusts of Imamate to Fatima for safekeeping.[19]

Narration of Hadith

Fatima was one of the Tabi'un and transmitters of hadith. She Transmitted hadith from her figures including her father Imam al-Husayn (a), her grandmother Lady Fatima (a), her aunt Lady Zaynab (a), his brother Imam al-Sajjad (a), Asma' bt. Umays, Abd Allah b. Abbas, Bilal, and Aisha.[20] Fatima has been regarded as a trustworthy transmitter from the fourth level of transmitters.[21]

Notes

  1. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 491; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 45, p. 329; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 3, p. 214.
  2. ↑ Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a), vol. 1, p. 351.
  3. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 473; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Damascus, vol. 70, p. 17; Ibn Qutayba, al-Maʿārif, p. 213.
  4. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 26; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Damascus, vol. 70, p. 19
  5. ↑ Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 1, p. 446.
  6. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 25, 121.
  7. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 491; Ibn Athīr, al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh, vol. 4, p. 86.
  8. ↑ Mufīd, al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 121; Ṣadūq, al-Amālī, p. 164.
  9. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 464.
  10. ↑ Ṭabrisī, al-Iḥtijāj, vol. 2, p. 272.
  11. ↑ Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 35, p. 256; Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn, p. 167.
  12. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 8, p. 474.
  13. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzī, Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ, p. 251.
  14. ↑ Ibn Ḥibbān, Ṣaḥīḥ, vol. 5, p. 301.
  15. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Damascus, vol. 70, p. 17.
  16. ↑ Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 35, p. 256.
  17. ↑ Ibn Qutayba, al-Maʿārif, p. 199; Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 35, p. 256.
  18. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, vol. 7, p. 536.
  19. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 303.
  20. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Damascus, vol. 70, p. 10; Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamāl, vol. 35, p. 254-255.
  21. ↑ ʿAsqalānī, Taqrīb al-madhāhib, vol. 2, p. 657.

References

  • Abū l-Faraj al-Isfahānī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn. Edited by Kāẓim al-Muẓaffar. Najaf: al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, 1385 AH.
  • Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 1410 AH.
  • Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan. Tārīkh madīnat Damascus. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
  • Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1965.
  • Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taqrīb al-tahdhīb, Damascus: Dār al-Rashīd, 1412 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥibbān, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān, Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Risāla, 1414 AH.
  • Ibn Qutayba, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muslim. Al-Maʿārif. Edited by Muḥammad Ismāʿīl ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṣāwī. Beirut: [n.p], 1390 AH.
  • Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Beirut: Dār Beirut: 1405 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH.
  • Mizzī, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-. Tahdhīb al-kamāl fī asmāʿ al-rijāl. Edited by Bashshār ʿAwwād al-Maʿrūf. Beirut: [n.p], 1405 AH.
  • Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā l-ʿibād. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH.
  • Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad. Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn. Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1380 Sh.
  • Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Al-Amālī. Tehran: Nashr-i Kitābchī, 1376 Sh.
  • Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī, Yūsuf. Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ. Qom: Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1418 AH.
  • Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr. Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1387 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj. Edited by Ibrāhīm Bahādurī. Qom: Nashr-i Uswa, 1416 AH.
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