Khutt al-Mawt sermon

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This article is an introduction to the Khutt al-Mawt sermon; to read its text see text:Khutt al-Mawt sermon.
Khutt al-Mawt sermon
SubjectImam al-Husayn's (a) desire for martyrdom
Issued byImam al-Husayn (a)
Shi'a sourcesAl-Luhuf ala qatla l-tufuf • Kashf al-ghumma fi ma'rifat al-a'imma


Khuṭṭ al-Mawt sermon (Arabic: خطبه خُطَّ المَوت) is one of the sermons narrated from Imam al-Husayn (a) about the desire for martyrdom and how it was. It was given when he (a) left Mecca for Iraq. In one part of the sermon, Imam al-Husayn (a) mentioned the place of his martyrdom to be between Karbala and Nawawis. The text of Khutt al-Mawt sermon is found in the books of al-Malhuf and Kashf al-ghumma.

Khutt al-Mawt sermon has been considered as an indication of the religious and social conditions at the time of Imam al-Husayn (a) and that Imam (a) announced his sacrifice for the reform of the society. Some have reported the place of delivering the sermon to be Mecca and some have mentioned it to be Medina.

Importance

In historical sources, a sermon called Khutt al-Mawt is narrated from Imam al-Husayn (a), which he (a) delivered when he (a) left Mecca for Iraq. According to a part of this sermon, Imam (a) refers to the place of his martyrdom to be an area between Nawawis and Karbala.[1] Nawawis is a place near Karbala that was a Christian cemetery.[2]

Khutt al-Mawt sermon has been considered as an indication of the religious and social conditions of the time of Imam al-Husayn (a); because, Imam announced his decision to be sacrificed in order to preserve the Islamic law. According to Sharif al-Qarashi in the book Hayat al-Imam al-Husayn (a), the situation of the Islamic society had reached a point where it could only be reformed by a great act like sacrifice.[3] Some people referred to this sermon and separated Imam al-Husayn’s (a) uprising from other uprisings and considered martyrdom as the goal of Imam’s (a) movement.[4]

The sermon of Khutt al-Mawtat was quoted in two sources in 7th/13th century: al-Malhuf[5] and Kashf al-ghumma,[6] and al-Allama al-Majlisi also quoted it from these two sources in Bihar al-anwar.[7] There is no difference in the sermon reported in al-Malhuf and Kashf al-ghumma except for some words.[8]

Content

The content of Khutt al-Mawt sermon includes the knowledge of martyrdom and love for death in the way of God.[9] In addition, in this short sermon, various issues have been stated:

  • Describing the beauty and inseparability of death from humans to a necklace on a girl’s neck.[10]
  • Expressing Imam’s (a) desire to meet death and see his ancestors.[11]
  • Imam al-Husayn’s (a) informing about his martyrdom[12] and how it would happen.[13]
  • Describing enemies as ravenous wolves.[14]
  • Describing the certainty of this event and being satisfied with God’s pleasure.[15]
  • Saying that God rewards the patient.[16]
  • Description of his place next to the Messenger of God (s) after martyrdom.[17]
  • Encouraging Muslims to accompany Imam al-Husayn (a).[18]

Time and place of Delivering

Al-Sayyid b. Tawus mentioned the time of the sermon to be when Imam al-Husayn (a) left for Iraq. In the words of al-Sayyid b. Tawus, there is no mention of where this sermon was delivered.[19] Some have considered the place of delivering this sermon as Medina[20] and others mentioned it to be Mecca.[21]

For the full text, see text:Khutt al-Mawt sermon.


Notes

  1. ↑ Qarashī, Ḥayāt al-Imām al-Ḥusayn, vol. 2, p. 295.
  2. ↑ Balādhurī, Futūḥ al-buldān, p. 179; Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 5, p. 254.
  3. ↑ Maʿāsh, al-Imām al-Ḥusayn (a) wa al-Wahhabiya, vol. 1, p. 288.
  4. ↑ Qarashī, Ḥayāt al-Imām al-Ḥusayn, vol. 2, p. 295-296.
  5. ↑ Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, al-Luhūf fī qatlā l-ṭufūf, p. 126.
  6. ↑ Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, vol. 2, p. 239.
  7. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 44, p. 366-367.
  8. ↑ Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, al-Luhūf fī qatlā l-ṭufūf, p. 126; Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, vol. 2, p. 239.
  9. ↑ Muhaddithī, Farhang-i Āshūrā, p. 161.
  10. ↑ Shaʿrānī, Dam al-sujūm, p. 171-172.
  11. ↑ Shaʿrānī, Dam al-sujūm, p. 171-172.
  12. ↑ Maʿāsh, al-Imām al-Ḥusayn (a) wa al-Wahhabiya, vol. 1, p. 288.
  13. ↑ Qarashī, Ḥayāt al-Imām al-Ḥusayn, vol. 2, p. 295.
  14. ↑ Ḥusaynī Tihrānī, Lamaʿāt al-Ḥusayn, p. 37-40.
  15. ↑ Shaʿrānī, Dam al-sujūm, p. 171-172.
  16. ↑ Shaʿrānī, Dam al-sujūm, p. 171-172.
  17. ↑ Shaʿrānī, Dam al-sujūm, p. 171-172.
  18. ↑ Shaʿrānī, Dam al-sujūm, p. 171-172.
  19. ↑ Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, al-Luhūf fī qatlā l-ṭufūf, p. 126.
  20. ↑ Āl Ṭuʿma, Tārīkh marqad al-Ḥusayn wa l-ʿAbbās, p. 23.
  21. ↑ Qarashī, Ḥayāt al-Imām al-Ḥusayn, vol. 2, p. 295.

References

  • Āl Ṭuʿma, Salmān Hādī. Tārīkh marqad al-Ḥusayn wa l-ʿAbbās. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī, 1416 AH.
  • Balādhurī, Aḥmad b.Yaḥyā al-. Futūḥ al-buldān. Beirut: Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1988.
  • Ḥusaynī Tihrānī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Lamaʿāt al-Ḥusayn. [n.p]. [n.d].
  • Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Muʿjam al-buldān. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995.
  • Irbilī, ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā al-. Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma. Tehran: Majmaʿ Jahānī-yi Ahl al-Bayt, 1433 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH.
  • Muhaddithī, Javād. Farhang-i Āshūrā. Qom: Nashr-i Maʿrūf, 1378 SH.
  • Maʿāsh, Jalāl. Al-Imām al-Ḥusayn (a) wa al-Wahhabiya. Qom: Intishārāt-i Yās-i al-Zahrā, 1429 AH.
  • Qarashī, Bāqir Sharīf al-. Ḥayāt al-Imām al-Ḥusayn. 4th edition. Qom: Qalam-i Maknūn, 1385 AH.
  • Shaʿrānī, Abu l-Ḥasan. Dam al-sujūm; tarjuma-yi kitāb Nafas al-mahmūm. Tehran: Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1387 Sh.
  • Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. Al-Luhūf fī qatlā l-ṭufūf. Qom: Intishārāt-i Uswa, 1417 AH.
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