Hadith al-Wisaya

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Hadith al-Wisaya
SubjectImmediate caliphate and succession of Imam Ali (a)
Issued byProphet Muhammad (s)
Main narratorBurayda b. al-Husayb
NarratorsSalman al-Farsi • Abu Ayyub al-Ansari • Anas b. Malik
Shi'a sourcesMan la yahduruh al-faqih • Dala'il al-imama • Manaqib Al Abi Talib
Sunni sourcesFada'il al-Sahaba • Manaqib al-Imam Ali b. Abi Talib


Ḥadith of Wisāya (Arabic: حدیث الوصایة) is a hadith from the Prophet (s), in which Imam Ali (a) is introduced as the Wasi and caliph. This hadith is mentioned in different wordings in Shi'a and Sunni sources. One of the famous narrations of the hadith of Wisaya transmitted by Burayda b. Husayb from the Prophet (s) is, "for every prophet, there is a guardian and heir and surly Ali (a) is my guardian and heir".

Text

Imam 'Ali (a)
First Imam of Shi'a

Life
Event of Ghadir • Laylat al-Mabit • Yawm al-Dar • Caliphate • Timeline

Heritage
Nahj al-Balagha • Ghurar al-hikam • Al-Shiqshiqiyya Sermon

Excellences
Excellences of Ahl al-Bayt (a) • Al-Wilaya Verse • Ahl al-Dhikr Verse • Ulu l-Amr Verse • Al-Tathir Verse • Al-Mubahala Verse • Al-Mawadda Verse • Al-Sadiqin Verse • Hadith Madinat al-'Ilm • Hadith al-Thaqalayn • Hadith al-Raya • Hadith al-Safina • Hadith al-Kisa' • Al-Ghadir Sermon • Hadith al-Manzila • Hadith Yawm al-Dar • Hadith Sadd al-Abwab • Hadith al-Wisaya • La Fata Illa Ali • The First Muslim

Companions
'Ammar b. Yasir • Malik al-Ashtar • Abu Dhar al-Ghifari • 'Ubayd Allah b. Abi Rafi' • Hujr b. 'Adi • others

Related Topics
Holy Shrine


Hadith of Wisaya is mentioned in Shi'a and Sunni sources such as Fadail al-Sahaba by Ibn Hanbal,[1] Manaqib by Ibn al-Maghazili,[2] al-Mu'jam al-kabir by al-Tabarani,[3] Tarikh Madina Dimashq,[4] al-Manaqib by al-Khwarazmi,[5] al-Kamil by al-Gurgani,[6] Tadhkirat al-khawas,[7] Kifayat al-athar,[8] Man la yahduruh al-faqih,[9] Dala'il al-Imama,[10] al-Manaqib by Ibn Shahr Ashub,[11] and Bihar al-anwar.[12] 'Abd Allah b. Burayda narrated from the Prophet (s) saying that, "for every prophet, there is a guardian and heir and surly Ali (a) is my guardian and heir". In reply to Salman al-Farsi who asked the Prophet (s) about his guardian and caliph, the Prophet (s) said, "My guardian and heir and the one who will pay my debts and will fulfill my promises is Ali b. Abi Talib (a)."[13]

Also, based on a hadith transmitted by Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, once the Prophet (s) addressed Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a) that, "my guardian is the best of guardians and the most beloved among them before God and that is your husband."[14]

Content

Hadith of Wisaya is about the caliphate and succession of Imam Ali (a). Shi'a scholars consider it among the arguments for the imamate of Ali b. Abi Talib (a). They interpret "wisaya" as "succession" and believe that the Prophet (s) introduced Imam Ali (a) as his successor in this hadith. But, some Sunni scholars say that in this hadith, "wisaya" does not mean caliphate, and the Prophet (a) has actually advised Ali (a) about his households.[15] They have been answered and criticized that here the Prophet (a) has mentioned Imam Ali (a) as his successor in an absolute way and there is no evidence that he (s) limited "wisaya" to his family affairs. In the research version of al-Mu'jam al-kabir, Hamdi b. 'Abd al-Majid Salafi said that if the chain of the transmission for this hadith were correct, it would imply the issue of caliphate and succession.[16]

Chain of Transmission

Hadith of Wisaya has been mentioned in Sunni sources with different chains of transmission, from Burayda,[17] Salman,[18] Abu Ayyub al-Ansari and Anas b. Malik.[19] Sibt b. al-Jawzi (author of Tadhkirat al-khawas) transmitted the narration of Salman in two ways. He considers the chain of transmission mentioned by Ibn Hanbal's Fada'il al-sahaba correct.[20]

Some Sunni scholars such as Ibn al-Jawzi,[21] Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti[22] and al-Haythami[23] doubted in the chain of transmission of this hadith and did not accept it; while, some researchers have criticized these Sunni scholars.

Notes

  1. ↑ See: Sibṭ b. al-Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ, p. 48.
  2. ↑ Ibn al-Maghāzilī, Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, p. 167.
  3. ↑ Ṭabarānī, al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, vol. 6, p. 221.
  4. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīna Dimashq, vol. 42, p. 392.
  5. ↑ Khawārazmī, al-Manāqib, p. 85.
  6. ↑ Jurjānī, al-Kāmil, vol. 4, p. 14.
  7. ↑ Sibṭ b. al-Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ, p. 48.
  8. ↑ Khazzāz al-Rāzī, Kifāyat al-athar, p. 80.
  9. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 4, p. 180.
  10. ↑ Ṭabari al-Saghīr, Dalā'il al-Imāma, p. 90.
  11. ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib, vol. 2, p. 188; vol. 3, p. 66.
  12. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 38, p. 154-339.
  13. ↑ Ṭabarānī, al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, vol. 6, p. 221; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 38, p. 12.
  14. ↑ Ṭabarānī, al-Muʿjam al-awsaṭ, vol. 6, p. 327; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīna Dimashq, vol. 42, p. 130.
  15. ↑ Ṭabarānī, al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, vol. 6, p. 221.
  16. ↑ Ṭabarānī, al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, vol. 6, p. 221.
  17. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīna Dimashq, vol. 42, p. 392; Khawārazmī, al-Manāqib, p. 85; Jurjānī, al-Kāmil, vol. 4, p. 14.
  18. ↑ Ṭabarānī, al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, vol. 6, p. 221.
  19. ↑ Sibṭ b. al-Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ, p. 48.
  20. ↑ Sibṭ b. al-Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ, p. 48.
  21. ↑ Ibn al-Jawzi, al-Mawḍūʿāt, vol. 1, p. 376.
  22. ↑ Suyūtī, al-Āliʾ al-maṣnūʿa, vol. 1, p. 358.
  23. ↑ Haythamī, Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid, vol. 9, p. 165.

References

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  • Ibn al-Jawzi,. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī. Al-Mawḍūʿāt. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Muḥammad ʿUthmān. Madina: al-Maktabat al-Salafīyya, 1386 AH.
  • Ibn al-Maghāzilī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan. Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. Qom: Intishārāt-i Sibṭ al-Nabī, 1426 AH.
  • Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. Ḥasan. Tārīkh Madīna Dimashq. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
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