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Farwa b. Nawfal al-Ashja'i

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Farwa b. Nawfal al-Ashja'i was a hadith narrator and one of Imam Ali’s (a) companions in the Battle of Siffin. After the Arbitration, he joined the Kharijites. He left the battlefield during the Battle of Nahrawan with 500 of his followers. After the martyrdom of Imam Ali (a), he fought against Mu'awiya. Eventually, Mu'awiyah defeated his forces with the help of the people of Kufa, and Farwa b.Nawfal was killed in 45 AH.

Introduction and Status

According to some researchers, Farwah b.Nawfal al-Ashja'i, a resident of Kufa,[1] was a hadith narrator[2] and one of the Tabi'un.[3] He narrated hadith from Prophet Muhammad (s) and Imam Ali (a) as well as from some Companions.[4] There is a difference of opinion regarding whether Farwa was a companion of the Prophet (s).[5] According to some sources, Farwah b.Nawfal was among Imam Ali’s (a) companions in the Battle of Siffin, where he fought against Mu'awiya in support of the Imam (a).[6]

From a Companion of Imam Ali (a) to a Leader of the Kharijites

According to Rasul Ja'farian, a Shi'a historian, during the Arbitration Incident, Farwah b. Nawfal was among those who approached Imam Ali (a) and requested that Abu Musa al-Ash’ari not be selected for arbitration.[7] However, after the arbitration and the selection of Abu Musa, Farwa distanced himself from Imam Ali (a) and joined the Kharijites, becoming one of their prominent figures.[8] According to Baladhuri in Ansab al-Ashraf, Farwah b. Nawfal left the battlefield during the Battle of Nahrawan with 500 of his followers[9] and declared that he could not understand why one would fight Imam Ali (a), the wali of Allah, the Prophet’s successor, and his cousin.[10] He believed that, upon reaching a conclusion, there were two options: obey Imam Ali (a) or oppose him.[11]

Historical sources report that after the martyrdom of Imam Ali (a), Farwah b.Nawfal believed that, since the caliphate of Imam Hasan (a) was handed over to Mu'awiya, there was no doubt about the necessity of jihad against Mu'awiya.[12] After Mu'awiyah sought help from Imam Hasan (a) and was refused, he sent an army from Sham to confront Farwa b. Nawfal, but they were defeated.[13] Mu'awiya then forced the people of Kufa to fight the Kharijites,[14] and eventually, Farwa b. Nawfal was killed in 45 AH.[15]

Notes

  1. ↑ Amini, Ashab Amir al-Mu'minin (a) wa al-Ruwah Anhu, 1412 AH, Vol. 2, p. 467.
  2. ↑ Noori, Mustadrak al-Wasa’il, Al al-Bayt Institute for Revival of Heritage, Vol. 4, p. 291; b. Sa’d, Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, 1410 AH, 1990 CE, Vol. 2, p. 265.
  3. ↑ Amini, Ashab Amir al-Mu'minin (a) wa al-Ruwah Anhu, 1412 AH, Vol. 2, p. 467.
  4. ↑ Nazimzadeh Qomi, Ashab Imam Ali (a), 2008 CE, Vol. 2, p. 952.
  5. ↑ b. Hajar, Al-Isabah, 1415 AH, Vol. 5, p. 280.
  6. ↑ Al-Minqari, Waq’at Siffin, 1991 CE, p. 286.
  7. ↑ Ja'farian, Intellectual and Political Life of the Imams (a), 2003 CE, p. 104.
  8. ↑ Ja'farian, Intellectual and Political Life of the Imams (a), 2003 CE, p. 104.
  9. ↑ Ansab al-Ashraf, Baladhuri, 1417 AH, Vol. 2, p. 371.
  10. ↑ b. Ath’am Kufi, Al-Futuh, 1993 CE, p. 745.
  11. ↑ Nazimzadeh Qomi, Ashab Imam Ali (a), 2008 CE, Vol. 2, p. 952.
  12. ↑ Nuwairi, Nihayat al-Arab, 1423 AH, Vol. 20, p. 272; b. Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, 2007 CE, Vol. 3, p. 409.
  13. ↑ Nuwairi, Nihayat al-Arab, 1423 AH, Vol. 20, p. 273.
  14. ↑ b. Athir, Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, 2007 CE, Vol. 3, p. 409; Nazimzadeh Qummi, Ashab Imam Ali (a), 2008 CE, Vol. 2, p. 952.
  15. ↑ Amini, Ashab Amir al-Mu'minin (a) wa al-Ruwah Anhu, 1412 AH, Vol. 2, p. 467.

References

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