Anonymous user
Sura: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
imported>Shakeri mNo edit summary |
imported>Shakeri mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Qur'an-Vertical}} | {{Qur'an-Vertical}} | ||
[[File:Al-Ikhlas & al-Falaq & al-Nas.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|The last three suras of the [[Qur'an]]: [[Al-Ikhlas]], [[al-Falaq]], and [[al-Nas]]]] | [[File:Al-Ikhlas & al-Falaq & al-Nas.jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|The last three suras of the [[Qur'an]]: [[Al-Ikhlas]], [[al-Falaq]], and [[al-Nas]]]] | ||
'''Sūra''' (Arabic: {{ia|سُورَة}}), in technical usage, means a part of the [[Holy Qur'an]] that has a coherent content and has a beginning and an ending. The Qur'an has 114 suras beginning with [[Sura al-Hamd]] and ending with [[Sura al-Nas]]. Suras of the Qur'an, except for [[Sura al-Tawba]], begin with "bism Allah" (English: "In the name of [[Allah]] the All-beneficent the All-merciful") phrase. The word "sura" is used 8 times in singular form and 1 time in plural. There's a disagreement about the order of suras being "[[tawqifi]]" (specified by Allah) or "[[ijtihadi]]" (by judgment of the [[ | '''Sūra''' (Arabic: {{ia|سُورَة}}), in technical usage, means a part of the [[Holy Qur'an]] that has a coherent content and has a beginning and an ending. The Qur'an has 114 suras beginning with [[Sura al-Hamd]] and ending with [[Sura al-Nas]]. Suras of the Qur'an, except for [[Sura al-Tawba]], begin with "bism Allah" (English: "In the name of [[Allah]] the All-beneficent the All-merciful") phrase. The word "sura" is used 8 times in singular form and 1 time in plural. There's a disagreement about the order of suras being "[[tawqifi]]" (specified by Allah) or "[[ijtihadi]]" (by judgment of the [[companions]]). | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| Line 289: | Line 276: | ||
==Count of Suras== | ==Count of Suras== | ||
The number of suras in the existing Qur'an is 114. According to some narrations from [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], [[Sura al-Duha]] and [[Sura al-Sharh]] are considered as one sura, and also [[al-Fil]] and [[Quraysh]], so the count of suras would become 112. There are some historical reports about [[Mushaf]]s of some of the [[ | The number of suras in the existing Qur'an is 114. According to some narrations from [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], [[Sura al-Duha]] and [[Sura al-Sharh]] are considered as one sura, and also [[al-Fil]] and [[Quraysh]], so the count of suras would become 112. There are some historical reports about [[Mushaf]]s of some of the [[companions]] which have more or less suras but the current Qur'an, which is collected in the time of the rule of [['Uthman]], has 114 suras and is verified by [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and other [[Imams]]. | ||
==Naming== | ==Naming== | ||
| Line 297: | Line 284: | ||
Some suras of the Qur'an have more than one name, for example [[al-Suyuti]] has mentioned 25 names for [[Sura al-Hamd]]. | Some suras of the Qur'an have more than one name, for example [[al-Suyuti]] has mentioned 25 names for [[Sura al-Hamd]]. | ||
There's a disagreement about the names of suras being specified by [[God]] (being [[tawqifi]]) or is specified by the [[ | There's a disagreement about the names of suras being specified by [[God]] (being [[tawqifi]]) or is specified by the [[companions]] ([[ijtihadi]]). Al-Suyuti, [[al-Zarkashi]], and some other Qur'an researchers consider it tawqifi. | ||
[[Jawadi Amuli]] doesn't accept the names of suras being tawqifi, and in contrast considers the common names of suras as names given to them by people and then the name became prevalent. He considers the usage of the names in some [[hadith]]s of Ahl al-Bayt because of the recognition of the sura with the name. He says: it's unlikely that a sura containing great knowledge, deep wisdom, and a lot of rulings being named after a cow; or a sura which contain 40 proofs for the unity of God being named after the cattle; or a sura with deep knowledge and the stories of many of the [[Prophet]]s being named after the ants. | [[Jawadi Amuli]] doesn't accept the names of suras being tawqifi, and in contrast considers the common names of suras as names given to them by people and then the name became prevalent. He considers the usage of the names in some [[hadith]]s of Ahl al-Bayt because of the recognition of the sura with the name. He says: it's unlikely that a sura containing great knowledge, deep wisdom, and a lot of rulings being named after a cow; or a sura which contain 40 proofs for the unity of God being named after the cattle; or a sura with deep knowledge and the stories of many of the [[Prophet]]s being named after the ants. | ||
| Line 303: | Line 290: | ||
==Order of Revelation== | ==Order of Revelation== | ||
The Qur'an was gradually revealed to the [[Prophet (s)]], in the length of 23 years ([[gradual revelation]]). According to the historical records, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] was the first one to collect the Qur'an after the demise of the Prophet (s). The suras in the collected Qur'an ([[Mushaf of Imam 'Ali (a)]]) was ordered according to the order of [[revelation]]. After the completion of the work, he loaded it on a camel (due to its bulk) and brought it to the [[ | The Qur'an was gradually revealed to the [[Prophet (s)]], in the length of 23 years ([[gradual revelation]]). According to the historical records, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] was the first one to collect the Qur'an after the demise of the Prophet (s). The suras in the collected Qur'an ([[Mushaf of Imam 'Ali (a)]]) was ordered according to the order of [[revelation]]. After the completion of the work, he loaded it on a camel (due to its bulk) and brought it to the [[companions]], but they didn't accept it and said that they didn't need it, so Imam 'Ali (a) hid it and after that no one saw the mushaf. [[Shi'a]] believes that other [[Imams]] had inherited the mushaf and now it is in the possession of [[Imam al-Mahdi (aj)]]. According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], Imam 'Ali (a) had ordered the Qur'an according to the order of revelation and placed [[Makki suras]] before Madani suras and [[al-Mansukh]] before [[al-Nasikh]]. | ||
The existing Qur'an is collected in the time of the rule of [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] which begins with the [[Sura al-Fatiha]] and ends with the [[Sura al-Nas]]. This Qur'an is verified by Imam 'Ali and other Imams. | The existing Qur'an is collected in the time of the rule of [['Uthman b. 'Affan]] which begins with the [[Sura al-Fatiha]] and ends with the [[Sura al-Nas]]. This Qur'an is verified by Imam 'Ali and other Imams. | ||
There's a disagreement about the order of suras being [[tawqifi]] (specified by [[Allah]]) or [[ijtihadi]] (by the judgment of the [[ | There's a disagreement about the order of suras being [[tawqifi]] (specified by [[Allah]]) or [[ijtihadi]] (by the judgment of the [[companions]]); some of the Qur'an researchers, like [[al-Suyuti]], say: the existing order of suras is tawqifi and is specified by Allah and the Prophet (s) commanded to order suras as they are. | ||
Some other considered the order of suras as ijtihadi and being ordered by the judgment of the companions who collected the Qur'an. The third opinion is that the order of suras are a mix of being tawqifi and ijtihadi; meaning that when there was a command from the Prophet (s) about the place of a sura it was obeyed, and when there wasn't, the suras were ordered by the companions who collected the Qur'an. | Some other considered the order of suras as ijtihadi and being ordered by the judgment of the companions who collected the Qur'an. The third opinion is that the order of suras are a mix of being tawqifi and ijtihadi; meaning that when there was a command from the Prophet (s) about the place of a sura it was obeyed, and when there wasn't, the suras were ordered by the companions who collected the Qur'an. | ||
| Line 338: | Line 325: | ||
[[TR:Sure]] | [[TR:Sure]] | ||
[[id:Surah]] | [[id:Surah]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{section|editorial box}}}|editorial box|{{Editorial Box | |||
| priority =b | |||
| quality =b | |||
| links =done | |||
| photo =done | |||
| categories =done | |||
| infobox =- | |||
| navbox =done | |||
| redirects=done | |||
| references = | |||
| good article = | |||
| featured article = | |||
}}}}</onlyinclude> | |||
[[Category:Quran]] | [[Category:Quran]] | ||
[[Category:Quranic terminology]] | [[Category:Quranic terminology]] | ||