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== Meaning == | == Meaning == | ||
Literally, the word "Ziyarah" means turning and withdrawing from something. The person who goes on ziyarah is called Za'ir because when he goes to ziyarah of a person, turns away from others. The common meaning of ziyarah is that one turns to a person to show respect and become close to him; i.e. a visit which is accompanied with reverence at the heart and spiritual approach. Also, some have said that visiting friends of God and great Muslim personalities is called ziyarah because it is turning away from material world towards the spiritual world. | Literally, the word "Ziyarah" means turning and withdrawing from something. The person who goes on ziyarah is called Za'ir because when he goes to ziyarah of a person, turns away from others.<ref>Ibn Fāris, ''Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lugha'', under the word "زور".</ref> The common meaning of ziyarah is that one turns to a person to show respect and become close to him; i.e. a visit which is accompanied with reverence at the heart and spiritual approach. Also, some have said that visiting friends of God and great Muslim personalities is called ziyarah because it is turning away from material world towards the spiritual world. | ||
== Importance in Islamic Culture == | == Importance in Islamic Culture == | ||
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===In Sunni Culture=== | ===In Sunni Culture=== | ||
Many hadiths and historical reports can be found in Sunni sources about ziyara of [[sahaba]] which indicate that ziyara is accepted and recommended among Sunni Muslims. In numerous books such as [[Sahih Muslim]] and Sunan Abi Dawud, it has been narrated from the Holy Prophet (s) that:"In the past, I forbade you from ziyara of the graves, but make ziyara of them now (because it will remind you of the hereafter and their ziyara will add to your good so anyone who wants to make ziyara then it is allowed but do not utter useless and false statements). | Many hadiths and historical reports can be found in Sunni sources about ziyara of [[sahaba]] which indicate that ziyara is accepted and recommended among Sunni Muslims. In numerous books such as [[Sahih Muslim]] and Sunan Abi Dawud, it has been narrated from the Holy Prophet (s) that:"In the past, I forbade you from ziyara of the graves, but make ziyara of them now (because it will remind you of the hereafter and their ziyara will add to your good so anyone who wants to make ziyara then it is allowed but do not utter useless and false statements).<ref>Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Muslim'', kitāb al-janāʾiz, vol. 2, p. 672; Abū Dāwūd, ''Sunan Abī Dāwūd'', vol. 3, p. 332.</ref> | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
Different types of ziyarah have been mentioned in hadiths from the Ahl al-Bayt (a); some of which are: | Different types of ziyarah have been mentioned in hadiths from the Ahl al-Bayt (a); some of which are: | ||
* Visiting [[Ka'ba]]: which is performing [[Hajj]], [['Umra]] or circumambulation ([[Tawaf]]) of Ka'ba. Recommendation of ziyarah of Ka'ba and obligation of Hajj is among definite rulings agreed by all Muslims. Furthermore, according to hadiths, Ka'ba has been also respected by all prophets of the past. | * Visiting [[Ka'ba]]: which is performing [[Hajj]], [['Umra]] or circumambulation ([[Tawaf]]) of Ka'ba.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', bāb ḥajj al-anbīyāʾ, vol. 4, p. 212; 213.</ref> Recommendation of ziyarah of Ka'ba and obligation of Hajj is among definite rulings agreed by all Muslims. Furthermore, according to hadiths, Ka'ba has been also respected by all prophets of the past.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', bāb ḥajj al-anbīyāʾ, vol. 4, p. 212; 213.</ref> | ||
* Ziyarah of [[the Prophet (s)]], which would be rewarded both during his lifetime and after he (s) passed away. Permissibility and recommendation of his ziyarah is accepted by both Shi'a and Sunni and many hadiths have been narrated about that. [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] narrated from the Prophet (s) that anyone who comes to visit me, I will [[Intercession|intercede]] for him on the [[Day of Judgment]]. Also, in another hadith, it is narrated that ziyarah of the grave of the Prophet (s), graves of martyrs and the grave of Imam al-Husayn (a) equals to performing Hajj in the company of the Prophet (s). | * Ziyarah of [[the Prophet (s)]], which would be rewarded both during his lifetime and after he (s) passed away.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', bāb ḥajj al-anbīyāʾ, bab zīyārat al-nabī, vol. 4, p. 548.</ref> Permissibility and recommendation of his ziyarah is accepted by both Shi'a and Sunni and many hadiths have been narrated about that. [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] narrated from the Prophet (s) that anyone who comes to visit me, I will [[Intercession|intercede]] for him on the [[Day of Judgment]].<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', bāb ḥajj al-anbīyāʾ, bab zīyārat al-nabī, vol. 4, p. 548.</ref> Also, in another hadith, it is narrated that ziyarah of the grave of the Prophet (s), graves of martyrs and the grave of Imam al-Husayn (a) equals to performing Hajj in the company of the Prophet (s).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', bāb ḥajj al-anbīyāʾ, bab zīyārat al-nabī, vol. 4, p. 548.</ref> | ||
* Ziyarah of [[Amir al-Mu'minin]], [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] in [[Najaf]], for which great rewards are promised in hadiths; for example, Imam al-Husayn (a) narrated from the Prophet (s) that, "anyone who visits me or 'Ali (a), I will visit him on the Day of Judgment and I will free him from his sins." According to hadiths, Imam 'Ali (a) is superior to all Imams (a) and there are many hadiths regarding his Ziyarah. | * Ziyarah of [[Amir al-Mu'minin]], [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] in [[Najaf]], for which great rewards are promised in hadiths; for example, Imam al-Husayn (a) narrated from the Prophet (s) that, "anyone who visits me or 'Ali (a), I will visit him on the Day of Judgment and I will free him from his sins." According to hadiths, Imam 'Ali (a) is superior to all Imams (a) and there are many hadiths regarding his Ziyarah. | ||
Also about ziyarah of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]], whose grave is unknown, her ziyarah can be done from distance. | Also about ziyarah of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]], whose grave is unknown, her ziyarah can be done from distance. | ||
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== Doubts Cast by Critics == | == Doubts Cast by Critics == | ||
In contemporary time, [[Wahhabis]] have made literalistic interpretations of the verses of the [[Qur'an]] and have questioned [[Ziyarah of the graves]]. These questions have been answered in different books of Shi'a and Sunni scholars. | In contemporary time, [[Wahhabis]] have made literalistic interpretations of the verses of the [[Qur'an]] and have questioned [[Ziyarah of the graves]]. These questions have been answered in different books of Shi'a and Sunni scholars. | ||
==Notes== | |||
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== References == | == References == | ||