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Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a): Difference between revisions
Imam Ali b. Muhammad al-Hadi (a) (view source)
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=== 'Ilm al-Kalam (Theology) === | === 'Ilm al-Kalam (Theology) === | ||
Different opinions among different [[Shi'a]] sects made it difficult for the Imams (a) to direct the people. The Shi' | Different opinions among different [[Shi'a]] sects made it difficult for the Imams (a) to direct the people. The Shi'ites were scattered in different regions which meant that every once in a while, they became influenced by others' opinions which added to the former mentioned issue. In this confusion, non-Shi'a groups and anti-Shi'a oppositions incited these disagreements and falsely projected them deeper than they actually were. There is a narration from [[al-Kashshi]] that explicitly shows a person made up three sects named Zurariyya, 'Ammariyya, and Ya'furiyya and attributed them to each of the great [[:Category:Companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a)|companions]] of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] (i.e. [[Zurara b. A'yan]], [['Ammar al-Sabati]], and [[Ibn Abi Ya'fur]]).<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Ikhtiyar ma'rifat al-rijal'', p. 265</ref> | ||
Shi'a Imams (a) sometimes confronted questions, origins of some of which were these disagreements among Shi'a scholars, which were sometimes just discussion-oriented or sometimes deeper and the Imams (a) had to be judges among these issues. | Shi'a Imams (a) sometimes confronted questions, origins of some of which were these disagreements among Shi'a scholars, which were sometimes just discussion-oriented or sometimes deeper and the Imams (a) had to be judges among these issues. | ||
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These residents of Qom and Aveh also traveled in order to visit the [[shrine of Imam al-Rida (a)]] in [[Mashhad]]. Imam al-Hadi (a) prayed for these people and said: "may they be forgiven".<ref>Al-Saduq, '''Uyun akhbar al-Rida (a)'', vol. 2, p. 260</ref> | These residents of Qom and Aveh also traveled in order to visit the [[shrine of Imam al-Rida (a)]] in [[Mashhad]]. Imam al-Hadi (a) prayed for these people and said: "may they be forgiven".<ref>Al-Saduq, '''Uyun akhbar al-Rida (a)'', vol. 2, p. 260</ref> | ||
The Shi' | The Shi'ites of the other cities of [[Iran]] had the same relationship with the Imams (a). Although most cities of Iran were populated with the Sunnis and the Shi'ites were the minority due to the influence of [[Umayyads]] and [[Abbasids]]. | ||
[[Abu Muqatil al-Daylami]], a companion of Imam al-Hadi (a) wrote a theology and hadith book about the issue of [[imamate]].<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a), p. 317</ref> [[Daylam]] (East of [[Gilan]] province) embraced many Shi'a since the late second/eighth century. Moreover, some immigrants from Daylam who came to [[Iraq]] became Shi'a. | [[Abu Muqatil al-Daylami]], a companion of Imam al-Hadi (a) wrote a theology and hadith book about the issue of [[imamate]].<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a), p. 317</ref> [[Daylam]] (East of [[Gilan]] province) embraced many Shi'a since the late second/eighth century. Moreover, some immigrants from Daylam who came to [[Iraq]] became Shi'a. | ||
The | The epithets of some of the [[:Category:Companions of Imam al-Hadi (a)|companions]] of Imam al-Hadi (a) which are derived from city names suggest their nationality as Iranian, such as [[Bishr b. Bashshar al-Nisaburi]] ([[Neyshabur]]), [[Fath b. Yazid al-Jurjani]] ([[Gorgan]]), [[Ahmad b. Ishaq al-Razi]] ([[Rey]]), [[Husayn b. Sa'id al-Ahwazi]] ([[Ahwaz]])), [[Hamdan b. Ishaq al-Khurasani]] ([[Khorasan]]), [['Ali b. Ibrahim al-Taliqani]] ([[Taliqan]]) who lived in different cities of [[Iran]]. Due to the activities of the Shi'a, Gorgan and Neyshabur gradually became Shi'a centers in fourth/tenth century. There are other evidences which show that there were people from [[Qazwin]] who were among the companions of Imam al-Hadi (a). | ||
It was famously said that people from [[Isfahan]] were extremist [[Hanbali Sunni]]s. This was true to some extent, however, at times some Shi'a companions of Imam al-Hadi (a) were also residing there including [[Ibrahim b. Shayba al-Isfahani]]. Although, he was originally from Kashan, he may have been called Isfahani due to his long residence there. We also have [['Ali b. Muhammad al-Kashani]] who was among companions of Imam al-Hadi (a) and was actually from Isfahan.<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)'', p. 352</ref> In a narration, there was a man named 'Abd al-Rahman who was from Isfahan and became Shi'a after he saw an act of wonder from Imam (a) in [[Samarra]].<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)'', p. 123</ref> | |||
Another narration includes a letter from Imam al-Hadi (a) to his deputy in Hamadan in which Imam (a) said, "I have recommended you to our friends in Hamadan." | |||
Another narration includes a letter from Imam al-Hadi (a) to his deputy in | |||
=== Ghulat === | === Ghulat === | ||
The same as previous Imams (a), Imam al-Hadi (a) was also confronted with [[ghulat]] because there were some among his own companions. | The same as previous Imams (a), Imam al-Hadi (a) was also confronted with [[ghulat]] because there were some among his own companions. | ||
[['Ali b. Hasaka al-Qummi|'Ali b. Hasaka]] was the teacher of [[Qasim al-Sha'rani al-Yaqtini]], who was among the heads of ghulat and was rejected by Imam (a).<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)'', p. 518</ref> Al-Hasan b. Muhammad b. Baba al-Qummi and Muhammad b. Musa al-Shariqi were also students of 'Ali b. Hasaka. Among those cursed by Imam al-Hadi (a) were Muhammad b. Nusayr al-Numayri and Faris b. Hatam al-Qazwini. In a letter, Imam (a) renounced Ibn Baba al-Qummi and said, "He thought that I have chosen him | [['Ali b. Hasaka al-Qummi|'Ali b. Hasaka]] was the teacher of [[Qasim al-Sha'rani al-Yaqtini]], who was among the heads of ghulat and was rejected by Imam (a).<ref>''Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)'', p. 518</ref> Al-Hasan b. Muhammad b. Baba al-Qummi and Muhammad b. Musa al-Shariqi were also students of 'Ali b. Hasaka. Among those cursed by Imam al-Hadi (a) were Muhammad b. Nusayr al-Numayri and Faris b. Hatam al-Qazwini. In a letter, Imam (a) renounced Ibn Baba al-Qummi and said, "He thought that I have chosen him as a prophet and that he is the gate to me. Satan has misguided him". | ||
Muhammad b. Nusayr al-Numayri who claimed prophethood was the head of the [[Numayriyya]] or [[Nusayriyya]] sect. It is said that he believed in [[reincarnation]] and lordship of Imam al-Hadi (a). He believed in the [[marriage]] with [[mahram]]s as justifiable, and also same-sex marriage of men. He claimed as being sent by Imam al-Hadi (a) as a prophet. [[Muhammad b. Musa b. al-Hasan b. Furat]] supported him. Followers of Muhammad b. Nusayr that were called Nusayriyya were among the most famous Ghali (exaggerating) sects who had some branches.<ref>Al-Nawbakhti, ''Firaq al-Shi'a'', p. 136</ref> | Muhammad b. Nusayr al-Numayri who claimed prophethood was the head of the [[Numayriyya]] or [[Nusayriyya]] sect. It is said that he believed in [[reincarnation]] and lordship of Imam al-Hadi (a). He believed in the [[marriage]] with [[mahram]]s as justifiable, and also same-sex marriage of men. He claimed as being sent by Imam al-Hadi (a) as a prophet. [[Muhammad b. Musa b. al-Hasan b. Furat]] supported him. Followers of Muhammad b. Nusayr that were called Nusayriyya were among the most famous Ghali (exaggerating) sects who had some branches.<ref>Al-Nawbakhti, ''Firaq al-Shi'a'', p. 136</ref> | ||
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{{Main|'Uthman b. Sa'id}} | {{Main|'Uthman b. Sa'id}} | ||
'Uthman b. Sa'id became the student of Imam al-Hadi (a) when he was | 'Uthman b. Sa'id became the student of Imam al-Hadi (a) when he was 11 and was promoted so quickly that Imam al-Hadi (a) mentioned him as his [[Thiqa]] and Amin (trustworthy).<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Rijal'', pp. 389,401</ref> | ||
=== Ayyub b. Nuh === | === Ayyub b. Nuh === | ||
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When discussing agent and deputies of Imams (a), al-Shaykh al-Tusi mentioned al-Hasan b. Rashid as a deputy of Imam al-Hadi (a) and mentioned the Imam's (a) letters to him.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''al-Ghiba'', vol. 1, p. 350</ref> | When discussing agent and deputies of Imams (a), al-Shaykh al-Tusi mentioned al-Hasan b. Rashid as a deputy of Imam al-Hadi (a) and mentioned the Imam's (a) letters to him.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''al-Ghiba'', vol. 1, p. 350</ref> | ||
=== Al-Hasan b. 'Ali al- | === Al-Hasan b. 'Ali al-Nasir === | ||
{{Main|Al-Hasan b. 'Ali al-Nasir}} | {{Main|Al-Hasan b. 'Ali al-Nasir}} | ||
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Also, the [[Darih]] of Imam al-Hadi's (a) shrine has been made by the efforts of [[Ayatollah]] [[Sayyid 'Ali al-Sistani]]. All the expenses of this project which includes 70 kg gold, 4,500 kg silver, 1,100 kg copper and 11 tons of teak-wood (lasting over 300 years) are provided by the office of Ayatollah Sayyid 'Ali al-Sistani. | Also, the [[Darih]] of Imam al-Hadi's (a) shrine has been made by the efforts of [[Ayatollah]] [[Sayyid 'Ali al-Sistani]]. All the expenses of this project which includes 70 kg gold, 4,500 kg silver, 1,100 kg copper and 11 tons of teak-wood (lasting over 300 years) are provided by the office of Ayatollah Sayyid 'Ali al-Sistani. | ||
== See also == | |||
<div style="{{column-count|3}}"> | |||
* [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] | |||
* [[Shi'a Imams]] | |||
* [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] | |||
* [[Imamate]] | |||
* [[Shi'a]] | |||
* [[Musnad al-Imam al-Hadi (a)]] | |||
</div> | |||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
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== Further Reading == | == Further Reading == | ||
* Shareef al-Qurashi, Baqir, [http://www.al-islam.org/life-imam-ali-al-hadi-study-and-analysis-baqir-shareef-al-qurashi The Life of Imam 'Ali al-Hadi, Study and Analysis], Translated by: Abdullah al-Shahin, Ansariyan Publications - Qum, ISBN 9781502518613 | * Shareef al-Qurashi, Baqir, [http://www.al-islam.org/life-imam-ali-al-hadi-study-and-analysis-baqir-shareef-al-qurashi The Life of Imam 'Ali al-Hadi, Study and Analysis], Translated by: Abdullah al-Shahin, Ansariyan Publications - Qum, ISBN 9781502518613 | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||