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Muhammad b. Imam al-Sadiq: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Muhammad son of Imam al-Sadiq (a) was among the scholars of his time and a [[transmitter of the hadith]]s of his father. He was titled as "Dibaj" because he was good-looking; but, his [[hadith]]s are considered weak and unreliable. | Muhammad son of Imam al-Sadiq (a) was among the scholars of his time and a [[transmitter of the hadith]]s of his father.<ref>Ibn Ṭaqṭaqī, ''al-Fakhrī'', p. 217.</ref> He was titled as "Dibaj" because he was good-looking;<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 439.</ref> but, his [[hadith]]s are considered weak and unreliable. | ||
He was a brave and generous person. He agreed with [[Zaydiyya]] about armed uprising. [[Khadija bt. 'Abd Allah b. al-Hasan]] was his wife. | He was a brave and generous person. He agreed with [[Zaydiyya]] about armed uprising.<ref>Shabistarī, ''al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa asḥāb Imām al-Ṣādiq (a)'', vol. 3, p. 44.</ref> [[Khadija bt. 'Abd Allah b. al-Hasan]] was his wife. | ||
{{Family tree of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{Family tree of Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
==Uprising Against Abbasid== | ==Uprising Against Abbasid== | ||
In 199/814 and according to some reports in 200/814, he made an uprising against al-Ma'mun in [[Mecca]]. They say that he did not agree to make an uprising first and did it after he was encouraged by some of his companions and family members. His uprising was contemporary with a rebellion taken place at the beginning of the caliphate of al-Ma'mun and at the same time, different uprisings were made by [[Alids]] and other dissidents of Abbasids in Islamic lands, including the [[uprising of Ibn Tabataba]] which gained many successes in [[Iraq]] at that time. | In 199/814 and according to some reports in 200/814, he made an uprising against al-Ma'mun in [[Mecca]]. They say that he did not agree to make an uprising first and did it after he was encouraged by some of his companions and family members.<ref>Ibn Ṭaqṭaqī, ''al-Fakhrī'', p. 217.</ref> His uprising was contemporary with a rebellion taken place at the beginning of the caliphate of al-Ma'mun and at the same time, different uprisings were made by [[Alids]] and other dissidents of Abbasids in Islamic lands, including the [[uprising of Ibn Tabataba]] which gained many successes in [[Iraq]] at that time. | ||
Another Alids named [[Husayn b. Hasan Aftas]] took the power in Mecca. According to some reports, Husayn b. Aftas who encountered people's dissent and also saw the failure of other uprisings, went to Muhammad al-Dibaj and offered him the caliphate to use his popularity. Muhammad did not accept first, until after the insistence of his son and Husayn Aftas. According to [[al-Mas'udi]], Muhammad al-Dibaj was first a follower of [[Ibn Tabataba]] and called people toward him. After the death of Ibn Tabataba, he claimed the caliphate and was called "Amir al-Mu'minin". | Another Alids named [[Husayn b. Hasan Aftas]] took the power in Mecca. According to some reports, Husayn b. Aftas who encountered people's dissent and also saw the failure of other uprisings, went to Muhammad al-Dibaj and offered him the caliphate to use his popularity. Muhammad did not accept first, until after the insistence of his son and Husayn Aftas.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 537-539; Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', vol. 3, p. 306.</ref> According to [[al-Mas'udi]], Muhammad al-Dibaj was first a follower of [[Ibn Tabataba]] and called people toward him. After the death of Ibn Tabataba, he claimed the caliphate and was called "Amir al-Mu'minin".<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 439.</ref> | ||
==His Presence Before al-Ma'mun== | ==His Presence Before al-Ma'mun== | ||
[[Isa Juludi]] was the commander of the soldiers sent by al-Ma'mun to fight al-Dibaj. After some encounters in [[Hijaz]] and regions surrounding Mecca, he defeated the companions of Muhammad and captured him. After being captured, al-Dibaj spoke in Mecca for people, expressed his regret and said, "I was told that al-Ma'mun has died and thus I accepted the caliphate." | [[Isa Juludi]] was the commander of the soldiers sent by al-Ma'mun to fight al-Dibaj. After some encounters in [[Hijaz]] and regions surrounding Mecca, he defeated the companions of Muhammad and captured him. After being captured, al-Dibaj spoke in Mecca for people, expressed his regret and said, "I was told that al-Ma'mun has died and thus I accepted the caliphate."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 540; Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', vol. 3, p. 306.</ref> | ||
[[File:امامزاده دیباج در دامغان.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|'''Tomb attributed to Muhammad b. Ja'far in [[Damqhan]], Iran''']] | [[File:امامزاده دیباج در دامغان.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|'''Tomb attributed to Muhammad b. Ja'far in [[Damqhan]], Iran''']] | ||
According to some reports, when [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] was martyred, Muhammad b. Ja'far was in [[Khurasan]] and al-Ma'mun summoned him together with other [[Sayyids]], the day after the martyrdom of Imam al-Rida (a) and informed them about it.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 271.</ref> | |||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
Muhammad passed away in Khurasan. Al-Ma'mun participated in his funeral and performed [[funeral Prayer]] on his body. | Muhammad passed away in Khurasan. Al-Ma'mun participated in his funeral and performed [[funeral Prayer]] on his body.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 555-556.</ref> | ||
In [[Iran]], there are some graves attributed to Muhammad al-Dibaj. One of the graves attributed to Muhammad al-Dibaj is in Dibaj of Damghan,<ref>[https://shrines.blog.ir/post/امامزاده-محمد-دیباج-دامغان Imamzada Muhammad Dibaj Damghan]</ref> another is in Shaligan village in Dargaz,<ref>[http://shrines.blog.ir/post/امامزاده-محمد-دیباج-درگ%Dامامزاده Muhammad Dibaj Shaligan]</ref> another is Imamzadeh Aq Imam in Azadshahr<ref>[http://shrines.blog.ir/post/امامزاده-آق-امام-آزادشهر Imamzada Aq Imam Azadshahr]</ref> and another grave is attributed to him in [[Qazvin]].<ref>[https://rasekhoon.net/article/show/783180/نقش%20امامزادگان%20سلطان%20سید%20محمد%20و%20سید%20اسماعیل%20در%20گسترش%20فرهنگ%20گردشگری%20قزوین/ The role of Imamzada Sultan Sayyid Muhammad and Sayyid Isma'il in the development of touristic culture of Qazwin]</ref> | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | |||
* Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385 AH-1965. | |||
* Ibn Ṭaqṭaqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Ṭabāṭabā. ''Al-Fakhrī fī ādāb al-sulṭānīya wa al-duwal al-islāmīya''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Qādir Muḥammad Māyu. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm al-ʿArabī, 1418 AH. | |||
* Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿadin al-jawhar''. Edited by Asʿad Dāghir. Qom: Dār al-Hijra, 1409 AH. | |||
* Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. Translated by Muḥammad Bāqir Sāʿidī. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Bihbūdī. [n.p]. Intishārāt-i Islāmiya, 1380 Sh. | |||
* Shabistarī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Al-Fāʾiq fī ruwāt wa asḥāb Imām al-Ṣādiq (a)''. Qom: Jāmiʿa Mudarrisīn, 1418 AH. | |||
* Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1968. | |||
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{{Imam al-Sadiq (a)}} | {{Imam al-Sadiq (a)}} | ||
[[fa:محمد بن جعفر الصادق]] | [[fa:محمد بن جعفر الصادق]] | ||
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