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Al-'Abbas (a): Difference between revisions
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The father of al-'Abbas was the first Imam of Shi'a, Imam 'Ali (a) and his mother was [[Fatima bt. Hizam]] whom Imam 'Ali (a) married years after the martyrdom of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and she was then known as Umm al-Banin.<ref>al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol. 7, p. 429; Qummi, ''Nafas al-mahmum'', p. 285</ref> | The father of al-'Abbas was the first Imam of Shi'a, Imam 'Ali (a) and his mother was [[Fatima bt. Hizam]] whom Imam 'Ali (a) married years after the martyrdom of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and she was then known as Umm al-Banin.<ref>al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol. 7, p. 429; Qummi, ''Nafas al-mahmum'', p. 285</ref> | ||
Abu al-Fadl is the most famous [[kunya]] of al-'Abbas.<ref>Ibn Nama Hilli, '' | Abu al-Fadl is the most famous [[kunya]] of al-'Abbas.<ref>Ibn Nama Hilli, ''Muthir al-ahzan'', p. 254; Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p. 89</ref> Abu al-Qasim is another kunya of al-'Abbas which is adopted from the [[Ziyara al-Arba'in]] where [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] addresses him, "Peace be upon you, O Abu al-Qasim; Peace be with you O al-'Abbas b. 'Ali".<ref>'Allama al-Majlisi,''Bihar al-anwar'', vol. 101, p. 330</ref> | ||
His titles are: | His titles are: | ||
{{cb|4}} | {{cb|4}} | ||
* Qamar Bani Hashim (the moon of Banu Hashim)<ref>Ibn Nama Hilli, '' | * Qamar Bani Hashim (the moon of Banu Hashim)<ref>Ibn Nama Hilli, ''Muthir al-ahzan'', p. 254; Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin'', p. 90</ref> | ||
* Bab al-Hawa'ij (the door to the requests [from Allah])<ref>al-Nasiri, ''Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali'', p. 30</ref> | * Bab al-Hawa'ij (the door to the requests [from Allah])<ref>al-Nasiri, ''Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali'', p. 30</ref> | ||
* Al-Tayyar (the flyer)<ref>al-Mzaffar, ''Batl al-'alqami'', vol. 2, p. 108-109</ref> | * Al-Tayyar (the flyer)<ref>al-Mzaffar, ''Batl al-'alqami'', vol. 2, p. 108-109</ref> | ||
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== Childhood and Teenage Life == | == Childhood and Teenage Life == | ||
Al-'Abbas was born on 4th of [[Sha'ban]] [[26]]/647 in [[Medina]].<ref>al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol. 7, p. 429; Ibn Nama Hilli, '' | Al-'Abbas was born on 4th of [[Sha'ban]] [[26]]/647 in [[Medina]].<ref>al-Amin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', vol. 7, p. 429; Ibn Nama Hilli, ''Muthir al-ahzan'', p. 254</ref> During al-'Abbas' (a) childhood, his father and brothers, [[al-Hasan (a)]] and [[al-Husayn (a)]], were with him and he (a) benefited from their knowledge and insight. When asked about his son's progress, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] said, "Indeed, al-'Abbas my son acquired knowledge in childhood and like a young pigeon which takes water and food from his mother, gained knowledge from me."<ref>al-Nasiri, ''Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali'', p. 62</ref> | ||
During 14 years and 47 days of living with his father Imam 'Ali (a),<ref>al-Nasiri, ''Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali'', p. 63</ref> al-'Abbas was always with him and during difficult days of caliphate, did not leave him even for a moment. Al-'Abbas attended the [[Battle of Siffin]] in [[37]]/657<ref>al-Nasiri, ''Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali'', p. 64</ref> and there are reports about his bravery in the battle.<ref>Ha'iri Mazandarani, ''Ma'ali al-sibtayn'', vol. 1, p. 437; Birjandi, ''Kibrit al-ahmar'', p. 385</ref> | During 14 years and 47 days of living with his father Imam 'Ali (a),<ref>al-Nasiri, ''Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali'', p. 63</ref> al-'Abbas was always with him and during difficult days of caliphate, did not leave him even for a moment. Al-'Abbas attended the [[Battle of Siffin]] in [[37]]/657<ref>al-Nasiri, ''Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali'', p. 64</ref> and there are reports about his bravery in the battle.<ref>Ha'iri Mazandarani, ''Ma'ali al-sibtayn'', vol. 1, p. 437; Birjandi, ''Kibrit al-ahmar'', p. 385</ref> | ||
== Wife and Children == | == Wife and Children == | ||
'Abbas married Lubaba, daughter of [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas]]<ref>al-Zubayri, ''Nasab-i quraysh'', vol. 1, p. 79; Habib al-Baghdadi, ''al-Muhabbar'', vol. 1, p. 44</ref> and found two sons called al-Fadl and 'Ubayd Allah. The progeny of al-'Abbas continued through 'Ubayd Allah.<ref> | 'Abbas married Lubaba, daughter of [['Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas]]<ref>al-Zubayri, ''Nasab-i quraysh'', vol. 1, p. 79; Habib al-Baghdadi, ''al-Muhabbar'', vol. 1, p. 44</ref> and found two sons called al-Fadl and 'Ubayd Allah. The progeny of al-'Abbas continued through 'Ubayd Allah.<ref>Hadimanish, "Farzandan wa nawadigan hazrat 'Abbas".</ref> | ||
Many shrines are attributed to the descendants of al-'Abbas in different cities including [[Isfahan]], [[Qom]], and [[Zanjan]].<ref>See: Rabbani Khalkhali, ''Chihriyi dirakhshan qamar-i bani hashim'', vol. 2, p. 127-227</ref> | Many shrines are attributed to the descendants of al-'Abbas in different cities including [[Isfahan]], [[Qom]], and [[Zanjan]].<ref>See: Rabbani Khalkhali, ''Chihriyi dirakhshan qamar-i bani hashim'', vol. 2, p. 127-227</ref> | ||
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===Rejecting the Safe Conduct=== | ===Rejecting the Safe Conduct=== | ||
On the evening of [[Tasu'a]], [[Shimr]] went near the tents of the caravan of Imam al-Husayn (a), and offered a safe conduct for sons of [[Umm al-Banin]], including al-'Abbas,<ref> | On the evening of [[Tasu'a]], [[Shimr]] went near the tents of the caravan of Imam al-Husayn (a), and offered a safe conduct for sons of [[Umm al-Banin]], including al-'Abbas,<ref>Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-ashraf'', vol. 3, p. 183</ref> but al-'Abbas ignored him, until [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] asked him to reply to Shimr. Al-'Abbas told Shimr, "May your hands be cut and curse [of God] be upon your safe conduct. O the enemy of God! Do you suggest us leave our brother and master al-Husayn (a), son of [[Fatima (s)]] and join the cursed, sons of the cursed?! You give us safe conduct while the son of [[the Prophet (s)]] [Husayn b. 'Ali (a)] is not safe?!"<ref>Ibn A'tham, ''al-Futuh'', vol. 5, p. 94; Ha'iri Mazandarani, ''Ma'ali al-sibtayn'', vol. 1, p. 433; Abu Mikhnaf, ''Waq'at al-taf'', p. 219-220 </ref> | ||
=== Guarding the Tents === | === Guarding the Tents === | ||
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In the morning of 'Ashura', when Imam al-Husayn (a) finished his prayer and worships, the enemy's army held a military position and announced war. Imam (a) prepared his people for defense. They consisted of 32 horsemen and 40 foot soldiers. | In the morning of 'Ashura', when Imam al-Husayn (a) finished his prayer and worships, the enemy's army held a military position and announced war. Imam (a) prepared his people for defense. They consisted of 32 horsemen and 40 foot soldiers. | ||
Imam (a) appointed Zuhayr b. al-Qayn on the right wing and [[Habib b. Mazahir]] on the left wing and gave the standard to al-'Abbas in the middle of his people.<ref>al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', p. 338; ' | Imam (a) appointed Zuhayr b. al-Qayn on the right wing and [[Habib b. Mazahir]] on the left wing and gave the standard to al-'Abbas in the middle of his people.<ref>al-Shaykh al-Mufid, ''al-Irshad'', p. 338; 'Allama al-Majlisi, ''Bihar al-anwar'', vol. 45, p. 4; Sibt b. Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-khawas, vol. 2, p. 161; al-Tabrisi, ''A'lam al-Wra'', vol. 1, p. 457; al-Dinawari, ''Akhbar al-tiwal'', p. 25</ref> | ||
=== Breaking the Siege of the Enemy === | === Breaking the Siege of the Enemy === | ||
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:O my soul! Do not fear the unbelievers and be blessed by the mercy of great God and being with the noble Prophet (s); these people cut my left hand unjustly. My Lord will drop them in the flames of the hell. | :O my soul! Do not fear the unbelievers and be blessed by the mercy of great God and being with the noble Prophet (s); these people cut my left hand unjustly. My Lord will drop them in the flames of the hell. | ||
Then Hakam b. Tufayl al-Ta'i hit him on the head with a metal spear and martyred him.<ref>Ibn Shahrashb, ''Manaqib al Abi Talib'', | Then Hakam b. Tufayl al-Ta'i hit him on the head with a metal spear and martyred him.<ref>Ibn Shahrashb, ''Manaqib al Abi Talib'', vol. 3, p. 256</ref> | ||
Al-'Abbas was around 34 at the time of martyrdom.<ref>Tabrisi, ''I'lam al-wara bi-a'lam al-huda'', vol. 1, p. 395</ref> | Al-'Abbas was around 34 at the time of martyrdom.<ref>Tabrisi, ''I'lam al-wara bi-a'lam al-huda'', vol. 1, p. 395</ref> | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
Abu Mikhnaf, Waq'at al-taf, p. 219-220 | |||
al- Tabari, Tarikh Tabari (Trikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk), vol. 5, p. 412-413 | |||
al-Amin, A'yan al-Shi'a, vol. 7, p. 429 | |||
al-Dinawari, Akhbar al-tiwal, p. 25 | |||
al-Khwarazi, aqtal al-Husayn, vol. 2, . 34 | |||
'Allama al-Majlisi,Bihar al-anwar, vol. 101, p. 330 | |||
al-Muqarram, Hadisi-yi karbala, p. 262 | |||
al-Muzaffar, Batl al-'alqami, vol. 1, p. 97 | |||
al-Nasiri, Mawlid al-'Abas b. 'Ali, p. 30 | |||
al-Shaykh al-Mufid, al-Irshad, . 338 | |||
al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Tarjumi Irshad, p. 109-110 | |||
al-Shaykh al-Saudq, al-Khisal, vol. 1, p. 68 | |||
Tabrisi, Fadl b. Hasan al-. ''I'lam al-wara bi-a'lam al-huda''. Qum. 1417 AH | |||
al-Zubayri, Nasab-i quraysh, vol. 1, p. 79 | |||
Bahr al-'Ulm, Maqtal al-Husayn, p. 314 | |||
Baladhuri, Ansab al-ashraf, vol. 3, p. 183 | |||
Birjandi, Kibrit al-ahmar, p. 385 | |||
Habib al-Baghdadi, al-Muhabbar, vol. 1, p. 44 | |||
Hadimanish, "Farzandan wa nawadigan hazrat 'Abbas". | |||
Ha'iri Mazandarani, Ma'ali al-sibtayn, vol. 1, p. 433 | |||
Ibn A'tham, al-Futuh, vol. 5, . 92 | |||
Ibn Nama Hilli, Mthir al-ahzan, p. 254 | |||
Ibn Qulawayh, Kamil al-ziyarat, p. 786 | |||
Ibn Shahrashb, Manaqib al Abi Talib, vl. 3, p. 256 | |||
Isfahani, Maqatil al-talibiyyin, p. 90 | |||
pishwaiy, maqtal-i jami'-i sayyid al-shuhada, vol. 1, . 838 | |||
Qummi, Nafas al-mahmum, p. 285 | |||
Rabbani Khalkhali, Chihriyi dirakhshan qamar-i bani hashim, vol. 2, p. 127-227 | |||
Sibt b. Jawzi, Tadhkirat al-khawas, vol. 2, p. 161 | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||