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Sura al-Ikhlas: Difference between revisions
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The content of Sura al-Ikhlas is about unity of God and His needlessness of anything and the need of all beings to Him. Many merits are mentioned for Sura al-Ikhlas, including that it is equal to one third of the Qur'an and three times [[recitation]] of it equals to a complete recitation of the Qur'an. Its recitation in [[daily prayers]] is emphasized in [[hadith]]s. In a hadith, the noble [[Prophet (s)]] likened [[Imam Ali (a)]] to Sura al-Ikhlas and said that the same way three times recitation of Sura al-Ikhlas equals to complete recitation of the Qur'an, loving Imam Ali (a) by the tongue, heart, and hand (in practice) is loving [[Islam]]. | The content of Sura al-Ikhlas is about unity of God and His needlessness of anything and the need of all beings to Him. Many merits are mentioned for Sura al-Ikhlas, including that it is equal to one third of the Qur'an and three times [[recitation]] of it equals to a complete recitation of the Qur'an. Its recitation in [[daily prayers]] is emphasized in [[hadith]]s. In a hadith, the noble [[Prophet (s)]] likened [[Imam Ali (a)]] to Sura al-Ikhlas and said that the same way three times recitation of Sura al-Ikhlas equals to complete recitation of the Qur'an, loving Imam Ali (a) by the tongue, heart, and hand (in practice) is loving [[Islam]]. | ||
== | ==Naming== | ||
This sura is known as Sura al-Ikhlas and al-Tawhid. About the cause of naming, it is mentioned that it is named as al-Tawhid ([[monotheism]]) since [[God]] is ascribed with unity and it is named as al-Ikhlas, because reflecting upon its content purifies human being from polytheism and thus makes people released from the [[hellfire]]. Also, in hadiths and old sources, it is called Sura "Qul huwa Allah-u ahad" (Say, 'He is Allah, the One') because this statement is the first [[verse]] of this sura. | This sura is known as Sura al-Ikhlas and al-Tawhid.<ref>''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 355-356.</ref> About the cause of naming, it is mentioned that it is named as al-Tawhid ([[monotheism]])<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 20, p. 387.</ref> since [[God]] is ascribed with unity and it is named as al-Ikhlas, because reflecting upon its content purifies human being from polytheism and thus makes people released from the [[hellfire]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 479.</ref> Also, in hadiths and old sources, it is called Sura "Qul huwa Allah-u ahad" (Say, 'He is Allah, the One') because this statement is the first [[verse]] of this sura.<ref>''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 355-356.</ref> | ||
==Place and Order of Revelation== | |||
[[Al-Tabrisi]] considered Sura al-Ikhlas, [[Makki]] and wrote that it is also said that it was [[Madani]]. Al-Suyuti, among Sunni scholars, believed that Sura al-Ikhlas was revealed twice: once in [[Mecca]] and once in [[Medina]]; but, [['Allama Tabataba'i]] wrote that according to the events mentioned about the [[occasion of the revelation]] of Sura al-Ikhlas, it seems that it was Makki. In the order of [[revelation]], Sura al-Ikhlas was 22nd sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the current order of compilation in the Qur'an, this sura is 112th sura located in [[juz']] 30. | [[Al-Tabrisi]] considered Sura al-Ikhlas, [[Makki]] and wrote that it is also said that it was [[Madani]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 479.</ref> Al-Suyuti, among Sunni scholars, believed that Sura al-Ikhlas was revealed twice: once in [[Mecca]] and once in [[Medina]];<ref>Suyūṭī, ''al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 140.</ref> but, [['Allama Tabataba'i]] wrote that according to the events mentioned about the [[occasion of the revelation]] of Sura al-Ikhlas, it seems that it was Makki.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 20, p. 387.</ref> In the order of [[revelation]], Sura al-Ikhlas was 22nd sura revealed to the Prophet (s). In the current order of compilation in the Qur'an, this sura is 112th sura located in [[juz']] 30.<ref>Maʿrifat, ''Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 166.</ref> | ||
==Number of Verses and other Feature== | |||
Sura al-Ikhlas has 5 verses, 15 words, and 47 letters. This sura is among [[Mufassalat suras]] (having several short verses). Sura al-Ikhlas and the three suras of Sura al-Kafirun ([[Qur'an 109]]), Sura al-Nas ([[Qur'an 114]]), and Sura al-Falaq ([[Qur'an 113]]) which begin with "qul" (say) are called [[Four Qol]]. Sura al-Ikhlas is considered among [[Jam'i al-Nuzul]] suras, all the verses of which were revealed together and at once. | Sura al-Ikhlas has 5 verses, 15 words, and 47 letters. This sura is among [[Mufassalat suras]] (having several short verses). Sura al-Ikhlas and the three suras of Sura al-Kafirun ([[Qur'an 109]]), Sura al-Nas ([[Qur'an 114]]), and Sura al-Falaq ([[Qur'an 113]]) which begin with "qul" (say) are called [[Four Qol]].<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1270-1271.</ref> Sura al-Ikhlas is considered among [[Jam'i al-Nuzul]] suras, all the verses of which were revealed together and at once.<ref>Suyūṭī, ''al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 145.</ref> | ||
==Content== | ==Content== | ||
In ''[[Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', 'Allama Tabataba'i wrote that Sura al-Ikhlas praises God with unity and that all beings are needful of Him in all their affairs and no one is His partner in essence, in [[attributes of God|attributes]], nor in actions. This type of unity is special to the Qur'an; and all (principal, secondary, and moral) teachings of the Qur'an are established based on it. | In ''[[Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', 'Allama Tabataba'i wrote that Sura al-Ikhlas praises God with unity and that all beings are needful of Him in all their affairs and no one is His partner in essence, in [[attributes of God|attributes]], nor in actions. This type of unity is special to the Qur'an; and all (principal, secondary, and moral) teachings of the Qur'an are established based on it.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 20, p. 669.</ref> | ||
{{content of Sura al-Ikhlas}} | {{content of Sura al-Ikhlas}} | ||
==Occasion of Revelation== | ==Occasion of Revelation== | ||
About the [[occasion of revelation]] of Sura al-Ikhlas, it is [[narration|narrated]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that a group of [[Jews]] asked the Prophet (s) to describe God for them. The Prophet (s) didn't answer for three days until Sura al-Ikhlas was revealed and he (a) answered them. It is also said that it was a request of some of the polytheists of [[Mecca]], the [[People of the Book]] of [[Medina]] or other people. | About the [[occasion of revelation]] of Sura al-Ikhlas, it is [[narration|narrated]] from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that a group of [[Jews]] asked the Prophet (s) to describe God for them. The Prophet (s) didn't answer for three days until Sura al-Ikhlas was revealed and he (a) answered them.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 27, p. 428.</ref> It is also said that it was a request of some of the polytheists of [[Mecca]],<ref>Abū l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, ''Rawḍ al-janān'', vol. 20, p. 465.</ref> the [[People of the Book]] of [[Medina]]<ref>Suyūṭī, ''al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 140.</ref> or other people.<ref>Suyūṭī, ''al-Durr al-manthūr'', vol. 6, p. 410-411.</ref> | ||
==Position of Imam Ali (a) and Sura al-Ikhlas== | ==Position of Imam Ali (a) and Sura al-Ikhlas== | ||