Anonymous user
Al-Mukhtar b. Abi 'Ubayd al-Thaqafi: Difference between revisions
Al-Mukhtar b. Abi 'Ubayd al-Thaqafi (view source)
Revision as of 17:01, 3 February 2022
, 3 February 2022Correction, Muqaddisī isn't Correct , Al-Maqdisi is the author of al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh
imported>E.amini mNo edit summary |
imported>Kadeh m (Correction, Muqaddisī isn't Correct , Al-Maqdisi is the author of al-Bida' wa al-Tarikh) |
||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
===Allegiance to 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr=== | ===Allegiance to 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr=== | ||
Al-Mukhtar pledged his allegiance to [['Abd Allah b. Zubayr]] on the condition that he would be consulted before 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr did anything,<ref> | Al-Mukhtar pledged his allegiance to [['Abd Allah b. Zubayr]] on the condition that he would be consulted before 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr did anything,<ref>Maqdisī, ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 907.</ref> and that he was not disagreed with.<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', Translation, vol. 2, p. 37.</ref> | ||
When [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya|Yazid]] attacked [[Mecca]] and encircled 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, al-Mukhtar sided with 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr and fought next to him against Yazid's army, but when 'Abd Allah announced himself as caliph, al-Mukhtar separated and left for Kufa, and created the grounds for his uprising.<ref> | When [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya|Yazid]] attacked [[Mecca]] and encircled 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr, al-Mukhtar sided with 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr and fought next to him against Yazid's army, but when 'Abd Allah announced himself as caliph, al-Mukhtar separated and left for Kufa, and created the grounds for his uprising.<ref>Maqdisī, ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 910.</ref> | ||
Six months had passed since Yazid's death when al-Mukhtar reached [[Kufa]] in the middle of [[Ramadan]].<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', Translation, vol. 2, p. 43.</ref> | Six months had passed since Yazid's death when al-Mukhtar reached [[Kufa]] in the middle of [[Ramadan]].<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', Translation, vol. 2, p. 43.</ref> | ||
'Abd Allah b. Zubayr sent [['Abd Allah b. Muti']] as his governor to Kufa. War broke out between the two and al-Mukhtar came out victorious.<ref> | 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr sent [['Abd Allah b. Muti']] as his governor to Kufa. War broke out between the two and al-Mukhtar came out victorious.<ref>Maqdisī, ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 911.</ref>.<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', Translation, vol. 2, p. 44.</ref> | ||
===Al-Mukhtar and the Uprising of the Tawwabun=== | ===Al-Mukhtar and the Uprising of the Tawwabun=== | ||
| Line 106: | Line 106: | ||
The commander of the army of the uprising was [[Ibrahim b. Malik al-Ashtar]] (the son of [[Malik al-Ashtar al-Nakha'i]]), and he was the one who killed 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad in [[Mosul]].<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 4, p. 347.</ref> | The commander of the army of the uprising was [[Ibrahim b. Malik al-Ashtar]] (the son of [[Malik al-Ashtar al-Nakha'i]]), and he was the one who killed 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad in [[Mosul]].<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 4, p. 347.</ref> | ||
[[Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya]] was busy eating when al-Mukhtar sent the heads of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and 'Umar b. Sa'd to him to hang in [[Masjid al-Haram]]. He said, "Gratitude be to the Lord, that when Husayn's head was taken to 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad he was busy eating, and now his head has been brought to me while I am in the same situation."<ref> | [[Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya]] was busy eating when al-Mukhtar sent the heads of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad and 'Umar b. Sa'd to him to hang in [[Masjid al-Haram]]. He said, "Gratitude be to the Lord, that when Husayn's head was taken to 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad he was busy eating, and now his head has been brought to me while I am in the same situation."<ref>Maqdisī, ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 913.</ref> | ||
===Motto=== | ===Motto=== | ||
| Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
Mus'ab pressurized [['Umra bt. Nu'man b. Bashir]], the al-Mukhtar's wife, to express her abhorrence to al-Mukhtar. When she refused, Mus'ab decapitated her. | Mus'ab pressurized [['Umra bt. Nu'man b. Bashir]], the al-Mukhtar's wife, to express her abhorrence to al-Mukhtar. When she refused, Mus'ab decapitated her. | ||
'Abd al-Rahman b. Hassan said in a poem: "Death and killing has been written for us, and for beautiful women, prancing, and romance."<ref> | 'Abd al-Rahman b. Hassan said in a poem: "Death and killing has been written for us, and for beautiful women, prancing, and romance."<ref>Maqdisī, ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 913.</ref> | ||
The event is recorded as such in a report: Mus'ab asked 'Umra, "what is your opinion about al-Mukhtar?" She replied, "He was pious and fasted every day". Mus'ab ordered to decapitate her. She became the first woman in Islam to be beheaded.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 264.</ref> | The event is recorded as such in a report: Mus'ab asked 'Umra, "what is your opinion about al-Mukhtar?" She replied, "He was pious and fasted every day". Mus'ab ordered to decapitate her. She became the first woman in Islam to be beheaded.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 264.</ref> | ||
| Line 142: | Line 142: | ||
====Rescuing Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya==== | ====Rescuing Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya==== | ||
When [['Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] was informed about al-Mukhtar's uprising, he pressurized Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya and his relatives to give him their allegiance, otherwise they would be burnt to death. Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya sent a letter to al-Mukhtar, seeking his help.<ref>''Akhbār al-dawlat al-abbāsīya'', p. 100</ref> In response, al-Mukhtar sent an army of 4000 men to march to [[Mecca]] and rescue Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya.<ref> | When [['Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr]] was informed about al-Mukhtar's uprising, he pressurized Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya and his relatives to give him their allegiance, otherwise they would be burnt to death. Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya sent a letter to al-Mukhtar, seeking his help.<ref>''Akhbār al-dawlat al-abbāsīya'', p. 100</ref> In response, al-Mukhtar sent an army of 4000 men to march to [[Mecca]] and rescue Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya.<ref>Maqdisī, ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 911.</ref> | ||
==Opinions about al-Mukhtar== | ==Opinions about al-Mukhtar== | ||
| Line 213: | Line 213: | ||
===Founder of the Kaysanites=== | ===Founder of the Kaysanites=== | ||
Some believe that al-Mukhtar was the founder of the [[Kaysanite]] movement, stating that since al-Mukhtar was nicknamed as Kaysan, his followers were called the Kaysanites.<ref> | Some believe that al-Mukhtar was the founder of the [[Kaysanite]] movement, stating that since al-Mukhtar was nicknamed as Kaysan, his followers were called the Kaysanites.<ref>Maqdisī, ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 820.</ref> [[Al-Mamaqani]] does not believe so and believes that al-Mukhtar was not a Kaysanite.<ref>Mamaqānī, ''Tanqīḥ al-maqāl'', vol. 3, p. 205, 206.</ref> | ||
[[Ayatollah Khoei]] believes this accusation has been made by non-Shi'as who have referred to fabricated and rejected narrations and believes that Kaysanitism was founded after the death of al-Mukhtar and Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya.<ref>Khoei, ''Muʿjam rijāl'', vol. 18, p. 102-103.</ref> | [[Ayatollah Khoei]] believes this accusation has been made by non-Shi'as who have referred to fabricated and rejected narrations and believes that Kaysanitism was founded after the death of al-Mukhtar and Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya.<ref>Khoei, ''Muʿjam rijāl'', vol. 18, p. 102-103.</ref> | ||
| Line 286: | Line 286: | ||
* Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Namīsī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1420 AH. | * Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Namīsī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1420 AH. | ||
* Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH. | * Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH. | ||
* | * Maqdisī, Muṭahhar b. Ṭāhir. ''Āfarīnish wa tārīkh''. Translated by Muḥammad Riḍā Shafīʿī Kadkanī. 1st edition. Tehran: Āgah, 1374 Sh. | ||
* Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. al-. ''Al-Ansāb''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yaḥyā al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. 1st edition. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1382 AH/1962. | * Samʿānī, ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad. al-. ''Al-Ansāb''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yaḥyā al-Muʿallimī al-Yamānī. 1st edition. Hyderabad: Majlis Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1382 AH/1962. | ||
* Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. 2nd edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | * Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. 2nd edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | ||