Anonymous user
Day of Ashura (events): Difference between revisions
no edit summary
imported>Nazarzadeh |
imported>Hamed A.F No edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The ''' | The events of the '''Day of Ashura''' are the events happened for Imam al-Husayn (a) and his family, in the battle with the army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] led by [['Umar b. Sa'd]] on [[Muharram 10]], 61/[[October 13]], 680 in the land of [[Karbala]] which led to the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a), his companions and his relatives. The rest of his caravan were also taken as captives. | ||
== Backgrounds == | == Backgrounds == | ||
Imam al-Husayn (a) considered the caliphate of [[Yazid]] illegitimate and for the first time expressed his objection to it in [[ | Imam al-Husayn (a) considered the caliphate of [[Yazid]] illegitimate and for the first time expressed his objection to it in [[Mina]] after [[Mu'awiya]] began asking people to make allegiance to Yazid in 59/679. However, Imam al-Husayn's (a) movement began by his refusal to make allegiance to the governor of [[Medina]] as the representative of Yazid, and leaving Medina in 60/680. Imam (a) then went to [[Mecca]]. In Mecca, the Imam (a) received many letters from the people of [[Kufa]] who invited him for government of [[Iraq]] and promised that would support him. After some months staying in Mecca and before beginning of the rituals of [[Hajj]], the Imam (a) went towards Iraq. Before he (a) arrived in Kufa, agents of [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] stood against the caravan of Imam (a) in [[Karbala]]. The siege of Imam (a) lasted some days and eventually led to the events of Ashura. | ||
== | == The Events on the Eve of 'Ashura == | ||
{{main|Tasu'a}} | {{main|Tasu'a}} | ||
On the Eve of 'Ashura, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] gathered his companions and relatives and said, | |||
:"I know no relatives and companions better than you and since tomorrow is the day of battle, I forgive any debt you may owe me; thus, I release you from your allegiance to me and I allow you to benefit from the night and take your way back and go away." | |||
After the words of Imam (a), his companions and relatives stood up one by one and after reassuring about their full support of the Imam (a), insisted on their loyalty to their allegiance and mentioned statements on it. First, [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]] and then his brothers and other youths from [[Banu Hashim]] followed him and spoke on their support of Imam (a).<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 378-379; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 369</ref> | |||
Then, Imam (a) addressed the children of [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]] and told them, "O sons of 'Aqil! [[Martyrdom]] of [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]] is enough for you! So, you may go! I allow you to!" but they said, "By God we swear we would not do that! We would sacrifice our lives, wealth and our relatives for you and fight along with you!"<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-rusul wa al-muluk''. vol, 5. p, 419; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 92</ref> | |||
After the statements of the people of Banu Hashim, [[Muslim b. 'Awsaja]],<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 185; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 419; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 92</ref> [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]],<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 419</ref> [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]]<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 393; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 419-420</ref> and other companions of Imam (a) spoke about fighting and helping him (a) even if it leads to their martyrdom.<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 420; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 91; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 250-251</ref> Then, the Imam (a) addressed his companions, "I will surely be killed tomorrow and all of you who will be with me will also be killed." | |||
After the statements of the people of Banu Hashim, [[Muslim b. 'Awsaja]],<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 185; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 419; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 92</ref> [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]],<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 419</ref> [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]]<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 393; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 419-420</ref> and other companions of Imam (a) spoke about fighting and helping | |||
Imam's (a) companions said, "praise be to God who honored us for helping you and through your martyrdom. O son of the Prophet's (s) daughter! Will not you be pleased if we will be at a similar level in paradise with you?" | Imam's (a) companions said, "praise be to God who honored us for helping you and through your martyrdom. O son of the Prophet's (s) daughter! Will not you be pleased if we will be at a similar level in paradise with you?" | ||
Line 36: | Line 20: | ||
It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] that after Imam's (a) speech and his companions' thrilling response, Imam (a) prayed for them.<ref>Rawandi, Qutb al-Din. ''al-Khara'ij wa al-jara'ih''. vol, 2. p, 848; al-Bahrani, 'Abd allah. ''al-'Awalim al-Imam al-Husayn''. p, 350</ref> | It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] that after Imam's (a) speech and his companions' thrilling response, Imam (a) prayed for them.<ref>Rawandi, Qutb al-Din. ''al-Khara'ij wa al-jara'ih''. vol, 2. p, 848; al-Bahrani, 'Abd allah. ''al-'Awalim al-Imam al-Husayn''. p, 350</ref> | ||
In that night, [[Burayr b. Khudayr]] asked Imam (a) for permission to go and advise 'Umar b. Sa'd and Imam (a) accepted. Then, Burayr went to 'Umar b. Sa'd. When Burayr came back to Imam (a), said, "O son of the Prophet (s)! 'Umar b. Sa'd has accepted to kill you in return for the government of [[Rey]]."<ref>Ibn A'tham Kufi. ''al-Futuh''. vol, 5. p, 96; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 248</ref> | In that night, [[Burayr b. Khudayr]] asked Imam (a) for permission to go and advise [['Umar b. Sa'd]] and Imam (a) accepted. Then, Burayr went to 'Umar b. Sa'd. When Burayr came back to Imam (a), said, "O son of the Prophet (s)! 'Umar b. Sa'd has accepted to kill you in return for the government of [[Rey]]."<ref>Ibn A'tham Kufi. ''al-Futuh''. vol, 5. p, 96; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 248</ref> | ||
The eve of 'Ashura' was the night of [[supplication]] and [[prayer]] of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions before God. It is narrated from [[Dahhak b. 'Abd Allah al-Mashriqi]] that, "Imam (a) and his companions spent a part of the night in supplication and repentance and murmured prayers like bees." <ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 186; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 421; Ibn A'tham Kufi. ''al-Futuh''. vol, 5. p, 99; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 25</ref> | The eve of 'Ashura' was the night of [[supplication]] and [[prayer]] of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions before God. It is narrated from [[Dahhak b. 'Abd Allah al-Mashriqi]] that, "Imam (a) and his companions spent a part of the night in supplication and repentance and murmured prayers like bees." <ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 186; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 421; Ibn A'tham Kufi. ''al-Futuh''. vol, 5. p, 99; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 25</ref> | ||
Line 282: | Line 266: | ||
*Dinwari, Ahmad. ''Al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. Qom: Manshurat raqi, 1368Sh. | *Dinwari, Ahmad. ''Al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. Qom: Manshurat raqi, 1368Sh. | ||
*Ibn A'tham Kufi. ''Al-Futuh''. e.d. 'ali Shiri. Beirut: Dar al-Adwa', 1991. | *Ibn A'tham Kufi. ''Al-Futuh''. e.d. 'ali Shiri. Beirut: Dar al-Adwa', 1991. | ||
*Ibn Miskawayh. ''Tajarib al-umam''. Tehran: Surush, 1379Sh. | *Ibn Miskawayh. ''Tajarib al-umam''. Tehran: Surush, 1379Sh. | ||
*Ibn Shaddad, 'Iz al-din abi 'Abd allah. ''Al-A'laq al-khatira''. Damascus, 1962. | *Ibn Shaddad, 'Iz al-din abi 'Abd allah. ''Al-A'laq al-khatira''. Damascus, 1962. | ||
*Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi Talib''. Qom: 'Allami, 1379AH. | *Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi Talib''. Qom: 'Allami, 1379AH. | ||
*Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad al-. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. Qom: Maktabat al-Mufid. | *Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad al-. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. Qom: Maktabat al-Mufid. | ||
*Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-. ''Jala' al-'uyun''. Jawidan. | *Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir al-. ''Jala' al-'uyun''. Jawidan. | ||
*Mas'udi, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Ithbat al-wasila lil Imam 'Ali''. Beirut: Dar al-Adwa', 1988. | *Mas'udi, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Ithbat al-wasila lil Imam 'Ali''. Beirut: Dar al-Adwa', 1988. | ||
*Mas'udi, 'ali b. Husayn. ''Muruj al-dhahab''. Qom: Dar al-Hujra, 1409AH. | *Mas'udi, 'ali b. Husayn. ''Muruj al-dhahab''. Qom: Dar al-Hujra, 1409AH. | ||
Line 297: | Line 281: | ||
*Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad al-. ''Al-Irshad''. Qom: 1413AH. | *Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad al-. ''Al-Irshad''. Qom: 1413AH. | ||
*Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir al-. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. Beirut: 1382-1387AH. | *Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir al-. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. Beirut: 1382-1387AH. | ||
*Thaqafi al-Kufi, Ibrahim b. Muhammad al-. ''Al-Gharat''. Tehran: Selsele intisharat anjuman athar milli. | *Thaqafi al-Kufi, Ibrahim b. Muhammad al-. ''Al-Gharat''. Tehran: Selsele intisharat anjuman athar milli. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} |