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Day of Ashura (events): Difference between revisions
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=== Martyrdom of Imam's (a) Relatives === | === Martyrdom of Imam's (a) Relatives === | ||
[[File:بزرگترین پرده درویشی(گوشه ای از حماسه کربلا).jpg|thumbnail|A "Parda-i Darwishi". The painting shows some views of the Event of 'Ashura']] | [[File:بزرگترین پرده درویشی(گوشه ای از حماسه کربلا).jpg|thumbnail|A "Parda-i Darwishi". The painting shows some views of the Event of 'Ashura']] | ||
After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 361-362; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446; Dinwari, Ahmad. ''al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. p, 256; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 49</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most alike to the [[Prophet (s)]] than anyone.<ref>Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al- | After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 361-362; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446; Dinwari, Ahmad. ''al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. p, 256; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 49</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most alike to the [[Prophet (s)]] than anyone.<ref>Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 115-116</ref> | ||
After the martyrdom of 'Ali Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]], [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], [['Adi b. 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]] and also sons of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]: [[Qasim b. al-Hasan (a)]] and his brother [[Abu Bakr b. al-Hasan|Abu Bakr]] and the brothers of [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]]: 'Abd Allah, 'Uthman, Ja'far and others went to the battlefield one by one and were all martyred.<ref>Abu l-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al- | After the martyrdom of 'Ali Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]], [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], [['Adi b. 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]] and also sons of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]: [[Qasim b. al-Hasan (a)]] and his brother [[Abu Bakr b. al-Hasan|Abu Bakr]] and the brothers of [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]]: 'Abd Allah, 'Uthman, Ja'far and others went to the battlefield one by one and were all martyred.<ref>Abu l-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 89-95; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446-449; Dinwari, Ahmad. ''al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. p, 256-257; Muhammad b. Sa'd. ''al-Tabaqat al-kubra''. vol, 6. p, 440-442</ref> | ||
However, 'Abbas b. 'Ali (a), the standard bearer of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the guard of the tents who also had the responsibility of bringing water was upon him, went to bring water and was martyred in the fight with the guards of the [[Euphrates]]. It is reported that the last companion of Imam (a) who was martyred was [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami]].<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446-449, 453; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 108</ref> | However, 'Abbas b. 'Ali (a), the standard bearer of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the guard of the tents who also had the responsibility of bringing water was upon him, went to bring water and was martyred in the fight with the guards of the [[Euphrates]]. It is reported that the last companion of Imam (a) who was martyred was [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami]].<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446-449, 453; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 108</ref> | ||
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Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, said goodbye to his sisters, wives and his kids. They brought him a shirt and he (a) tore it up from some places, so that the army of Kufa do not steal it, and wore it under his other clothes and armor, but even this shirt was later stolen.<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 409; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 451-453; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 11; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 123</ref> | Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, said goodbye to his sisters, wives and his kids. They brought him a shirt and he (a) tore it up from some places, so that the army of Kufa do not steal it, and wore it under his other clothes and armor, but even this shirt was later stolen.<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 409; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 451-453; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 11; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 123</ref> | ||
When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the battle field and shouted, "O people! If you do not have mercy on me, have mercy on this little suckling!" But they even did not show mercy on that little kid and [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]], from the middle of the army, shot an arrow towards his throat and martyred him on the chest of his father.<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 448; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 108; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. Maqatil al- | When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the battle field and shouted, "O people! If you do not have mercy on me, have mercy on this little suckling!" But they even did not show mercy on that little kid and [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]], from the middle of the army, shot an arrow towards his throat and martyred him on the chest of his father.<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 448; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 108; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. Maqatil al-talibiyyin. p, 95</ref> | ||
==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ||
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=== Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | === Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | ||
[[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The "'Asr-i 'Ashura'" by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]], shows the returning of the horse of Imam al-Husayn (a) to the tents after his martirdom and the mourning of the women.]] | [[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The "'Asr-i 'Ashura'" by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]], shows the returning of the horse of Imam al-Husayn (a) to the tents after his martirdom and the mourning of the women.]] | ||
On the [[day of 'Ashura]], Imam al-Husayn (a) had located a place to attack the enemy from there and then return to it and with a loud voice [in a manner that all his family hear] said, "La hawl wa la quwwat illa bi-Allah al-'Aliy al-'Azim." [There is no ability nor power but by God, the Exalted, the Great.]<ref>Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 119</ref> After several times attacking the enemy and returning to his place, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and some soldiers of the army of Kufa attacked to the tents of Imam (a) and made separation between him and the tents. When Imam (a) saw that, shouted, "Woe be to you! If you do not believe in any religion and do not fear the [[Day of Judgment]], then at least be free-spirited in your world."<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p,407; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 450; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al- | On the [[day of 'Ashura]], Imam al-Husayn (a) had located a place to attack the enemy from there and then return to it and with a loud voice [in a manner that all his family hear] said, "La hawl wa la quwwat illa bi-Allah al-'Aliy al-'Azim." [There is no ability nor power but by God, the Exalted, the Great.]<ref>Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 119</ref> After several times attacking the enemy and returning to his place, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and some soldiers of the army of Kufa attacked to the tents of Imam (a) and made separation between him and the tents. When Imam (a) saw that, shouted, "Woe be to you! If you do not believe in any religion and do not fear the [[Day of Judgment]], then at least be free-spirited in your world."<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p,407; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 450; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 118</ref> | ||
Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p,407-408</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 249-250; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 109</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112</ref> | Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p,407-408</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 249-250; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 109</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112</ref> | ||
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When the army of Kufa had sieged Imam (a) and he (a) was passing the last moments of his life, a small kid from the tents called [['Abd Allah b. Hasan]] saw Imam (a) at that state and left the tents and even though [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] tried to stop him, he rushed to Imam (a). When Bahr (or Abjar) b. Ka'b (or according to another narration, [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]]) attacked Imam (a) with sword, the kid guarded Imam (a) with his hand and the sword cut off his hand.<ref>al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 110; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf 'ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 122-123</ref> | When the army of Kufa had sieged Imam (a) and he (a) was passing the last moments of his life, a small kid from the tents called [['Abd Allah b. Hasan]] saw Imam (a) at that state and left the tents and even though [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] tried to stop him, he rushed to Imam (a). When Bahr (or Abjar) b. Ka'b (or according to another narration, [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]]) attacked Imam (a) with sword, the kid guarded Imam (a) with his hand and the sword cut off his hand.<ref>al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 110; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf 'ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 122-123</ref> | ||
[[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] with a group of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]], among whom were [['Abd al-Rahman b. Ziyad]], [[Qash'am b. 'Amr b. Yazid al-Harduwan al-Ju'fi]], [[Salih b. Wahab al-Yazni]], [[Sinan b. Anas al-Nakha'i]] and [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] attacked Imam (a). Shimr was encouraging them to attack him (a) and finish the job,<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 407-409; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 450; Ibn Athir. al-Kamil fi al-tarikh. vol, 4. p, 77</ref> but they did not go forth, so Shimr ordered Khawli b. Yazid to behead Imam (a). Khawli went to behead Imam (a), but when he entered the killing pit ([[Qatlgah]]), he feared and become shivering and could not proceed. So, Shimr<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 450; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 112; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 126; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al- | [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] with a group of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]], among whom were [['Abd al-Rahman b. Ziyad]], [[Qash'am b. 'Amr b. Yazid al-Harduwan al-Ju'fi]], [[Salih b. Wahab al-Yazni]], [[Sinan b. Anas al-Nakha'i]] and [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] attacked Imam (a). Shimr was encouraging them to attack him (a) and finish the job,<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 407-409; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 450; Ibn Athir. al-Kamil fi al-tarikh. vol, 4. p, 77</ref> but they did not go forth, so Shimr ordered Khawli b. Yazid to behead Imam (a). Khawli went to behead Imam (a), but when he entered the killing pit ([[Qatlgah]]), he feared and become shivering and could not proceed. So, Shimr<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 450; al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 112; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 126; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 118</ref> (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas) got off from the horse and beheaded Imam (a) and gave Imam's (a) head to Khawli.<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 453; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 118; Mas'udi, 'ali b. Husayn. ''Muruj al-dhahab''. vol, 5. p, 258</ref> Upon the martyrdom of Imam (a), his body had the signs of 33 hits of sword and 34 hits of spear.<ref>Al-Mas'udi, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Muruj al-dhahab''. vol, 3. p, 258-259</ref> After the martyrdom of Imam (a), the enemy looted his clothes and everything he (a) had and left him naked on the ground. | ||
=== Riding Horses on the Bodies of Martyrs === | === Riding Horses on the Bodies of Martyrs === | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
* Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al- | * Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. | ||
* Amin, sayyied Muhsin. ''Al-A'yan al-shi'a''. e.d. Hasan al-Amin. Beirut: Dar al-Ta'arif. | * Amin, sayyied Muhsin. ''Al-A'yan al-shi'a''. e.d. Hasan al-Amin. Beirut: Dar al-Ta'arif. | ||
* Bahrani, 'Abd allah al-. ''Al-'Awalim al-Imam al-Husayn''.Qom: Madrasa al-Imam Mahdi, 1407AH. | * Bahrani, 'Abd allah al-. ''Al-'Awalim al-Imam al-Husayn''.Qom: Madrasa al-Imam Mahdi, 1407AH. | ||