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Day of Ashura (events): Difference between revisions
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After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 361-362; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446; Dinawari, Ahmad. ''al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. p, 256; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 49</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most alike to the [[Prophet (s)]] than anyone.<ref>Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 115-116</ref> | After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p, 361-362; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446; Dinawari, Ahmad. ''al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. p, 256; Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 49</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most alike to the [[Prophet (s)]] than anyone.<ref>Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 115-116</ref> | ||
After the martyrdom of 'Ali Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]], [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], [['Adi b. 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]] and also sons of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]: [[Qasim b. al-Hasan (a)]] and his brother [[Abu Bakr b. al-Hasan|Abu Bakr]] and the brothers of [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]]: 'Abd Allah, 'Uthman, Ja'far and others went to the battlefield one by one and were all martyred.<ref>Abu l-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 89-95; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446-449; Dinawari, Ahmad. ''al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. p, 256-257; Muhammad b. Sa'd. ''al-Tabaqat al-kubra''. vol, 6. p, 440-442</ref> | After the martyrdom of 'Ali al-Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]], [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], [['Adi b. 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]] and also sons of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]: [[Qasim b. al-Hasan (a)]] and his brother [[Abu Bakr b. al-Hasan|Abu Bakr]] and the brothers of [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]]: [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], [['Uthman b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Uthman]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and others went to the battlefield one by one and were all martyred.<ref>Abu l-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 89-95; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446-449; Dinawari, Ahmad. ''al-Akhbar al-tuwal''. p, 256-257; Muhammad b. Sa'd. ''al-Tabaqat al-kubra''. vol, 6. p, 440-442</ref> | ||
However, 'Abbas b. 'Ali (a), the standard bearer of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the guard of the tents who also had the responsibility of bringing water was upon him, went to bring water and was martyred in the fight with the guards of the [[Euphrates]]. It is reported that the last companion of Imam (a) who was martyred was [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami]].<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446-449, 453; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 108</ref> | However, 'Abbas b. 'Ali (a), the standard bearer of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the guard of the tents who also had the responsibility of bringing water was upon him, went to bring water and was martyred in the fight with the guards of the [[Euphrates]]. It is reported that the last companion of Imam (a) who was martyred was [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami]].<ref>al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 446-449, 453; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 108</ref> | ||
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==== Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Will for Going to Battle ==== | ==== Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Will for Going to Battle ==== | ||
After all the companions and Banu Hashim were martyred, Imam al-Husayn (a) went to the battle. Seeing the hardship of his family, made Imam (a) very upset, so he (a) took a look around, but he (a) saw no help. Imam (a) looked at the slashed bodies of his companions fallen on the scorching soil of [[Karbala | After all the companions and Banu Hashim were martyred, Imam al-Husayn (a) went to the battle. Seeing the hardship of his family, made Imam (a) very upset, so he (a) took a look around, but he (a) saw no help. Imam (a) looked at the slashed bodies of his companions fallen on the scorching soil of [[Karbala]] and addressed the army of Kufa and said, | ||
:"Is there anyone to defend the family of the Prophet (s)? And is there any believer in [[God]] among you who worries about us for the sake of God? Is there an assistant who assists us for the sake of God? Is there a helper who helps us for the sake of God?"<REF>Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf | :"Is there anyone to defend the family of the [[Prophet (s)]]? And is there any believer in [[God]] among you who worries about us for the sake of God? Is there an assistant who assists us for the sake of God? Is there a helper who helps us for the sake of God?"<REF>Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf 'ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 116; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 2. p, 32</ref> | ||
No answer was heard from the people of Kufa. | No answer was heard from the people of Kufa. | ||
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=== Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | === Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | ||
[[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The | [[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The '''Asr-i 'Ashura''' by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]], shows the returning of the horse of Imam al-Husayn (a) to the tents after his martirdom and the mourning of the women.]] | ||
On the [[ | On the [[Day of 'Ashura]], Imam al-Husayn (a) had located a place to attack the enemy from there and then return to it and with a loud voice [in a manner that all his family hear] said, "La hawl wa la quwwat illa bi-Allah al-'Aliy al-'Azim." [There is no ability nor power but by God, the Exalted, the Great.]<ref>Sayyid b. Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa. ''al-Luhuf ‘ala qatli al-Tufuf''. p, 119</ref> After several times attacking the enemy and returning to his place, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and some soldiers of the army of Kufa attacked to the tents of Imam (a) and made separation between him and the tents. When Imam (a) saw that, shouted, "Woe be to you! If you do not believe in any religion and do not fear the [[Day of Judgement]], then at least be free-spirited in your world."<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p,407; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk''. vol, 5. p, 450; Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, 'Ali b. Husayn. ''Maqatil al-talibiyyin''. p, 118</ref> | ||
Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p,407-408</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 249-250; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 109</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112</ref> | Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. ''Ansab al-ashraf''. vol, 3. p,407-408</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112; al-Kharazmi, al-muwaffaq b. Ahmad. ''Maqtal al-Husayn''. vol, 1. p, 249-250; Ibn Shahrashub, Muhammad b. 'Ali. ''Manaqib al Abi talib''. vol, 4. p, 109</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref> al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Muhammad b. Muhammad. ''al-Irshad''. vol, 2. p, 111-112</ref> | ||
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=== Sending the Heads of the Martyrs to Kufa === | === Sending the Heads of the Martyrs to Kufa === | ||
In the same day, 'Umar b. Sa'd sent the head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] to 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad by [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] and [[Humayd b. Muslim al- | In the same day, 'Umar b. Sa'd sent the head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] to 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad by [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] and [[Humayd b. Muslim al-Azdi]]. He also ordered his soldiers to behead all the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the youths of [[Banu Hashim]] which were 72, and sent them to Kufa by Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan and 'Amr b. Hajjaj.<ref>al-Baladhuri, Ahmad b. Yahya. Ansab al-ashraf. vol, 3. p, 411; al-Tabari, Muhammad b. Jarir. Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk. vol, 5. p, 455; Mas'udi, 'ali b. Husayn. Muruj al-dhahab. vol, 3. p, 259</ref> | ||
== Events after the War == | == Events after the War == | ||