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Day of Ashura (events): Difference between revisions
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{{For|2=Ashura (disambiguation)}} | {{For|2=Ashura (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
The events of the '''Day of Ashura''' are the events happened for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his family, in the battle with the army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] led by [['Umar b. Sa'd]] on [[Muharram 10]], 61/[[October 13]], 680 in the land of [[Karbala]] which led to the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a), his companions and his relatives. The rest of his caravan were also taken as captives. | The events of the '''Day of Ashura''' are the events that happened for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his family, in the battle with the army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] led by [['Umar b. Sa'd]] on [[Muharram 10]], 61/[[October 13]], 680 in the land of [[Karbala]] which led to the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a), his companions and his relatives. The rest of his caravan were also taken as captives. | ||
== Morning of 'Ashura == | == Morning of 'Ashura == | ||
[[File:واقعه طف.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The old painting shows the | [[File:واقعه طف.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The old painting shows the battlefield where the fight between [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and the Army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] happened.]] | ||
In the morning of 'Ashura', Imam al-Husayn (a) performed [[Fajr prayer]] together with his companions.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423.</ref> Then, the Imam (a) arranged | In the morning of 'Ashura', Imam al-Husayn (a) performed [[Fajr prayer]] together with his companions.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423.</ref> Then, the Imam (a) arranged his forces which consisted of 32 horsemen and 40-foot soldiers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256.</ref> He (a) assigned [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] as the commander of the right-wing and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] as the commander of the left-wing and gave the standard of his army to his brother [['Abbas (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 59. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
By the order of Imam (a), forces stood in front of the tents<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> and set fire to the firewood and brushwood gathered in the moat to prevent the enemy from behind.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | By the order of Imam (a), forces stood in front of the tents<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> and set fire to the firewood and brushwood gathered in the moat to prevent the enemy from behind.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | ||
At the other side of the battlefield, [['Umar b. Sa'd]] did his prayer and assigned the commanders of his army who were (according to the famous report) 30000 people.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 177; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 70.</ref> He assigned [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi]] as the commander of the right wing, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]], the commander of the left wing, [['Uzrat b. Qays al-Ahmasi]], the commander of the horsemen and [[Shabath b. Rib'i]] as the commander of the foot soldiers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396.</ref> | At the other side of the battlefield, [['Umar b. Sa'd]] did his prayer and assigned the commanders of his army who were (according to the famous report) 30000 people.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 177; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 70.</ref> He assigned [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi]] as the commander of the right-wing, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]], the commander of the left-wing, [['Uzrat b. Qays al-Ahmasi]], the commander of the horsemen and [[Shabath b. Rib'i]] as the commander of the foot soldiers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396.</ref> | ||
'Umar b. Sa'd also assigned [['Abd Allah b. Zuhayr al-Asadi]] as the commander of the people of [[Kufa]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Sabra]], as the commander of the tribes of [[Madhhij]] and [[Banu Asad]]. He also assigned [[Qays b. Ash'ath b. Qays]] as the commander of the tribes of Rabi'a and Kinda and assigned [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] as the commander of the tribes of Banu Tamim and Hamdan and gave the standard of his army to his slave [[Zuwayd]] (Durayd) and prepared them to fight against Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 422; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 60; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 95-95.</ref> | 'Umar b. Sa'd also assigned [['Abd Allah b. Zuhayr al-Asadi]] as the commander of the people of [[Kufa]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Sabra]], as the commander of the tribes of [[Madhhij]] and [[Banu Asad]]. He also assigned [[Qays b. Ash'ath b. Qays]] as the commander of the tribes of Rabi'a and Kinda and assigned [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] as the commander of the tribes of Banu Tamim and Hamdan and gave the standard of his army to his slave [[Zuwayd]] (Durayd) and prepared them to fight against Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 422; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 60; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 95-95.</ref> | ||
It has been reported that when the Imam (a) saw the multitude of enemy's army, he (a) raised his hands and said, "O God! You are my trust in every hardship and my hope in every difficulty. How much sadness exhausting the patience of the heart and there is no way to remove it. How much sadness in which our friends abandon us and the enemy gloats over that sadness of ours and due to my love towards You and not others I have brought You this petition and You have put solution in that and have made it easy for me. So, You are the Lord of every | It has been reported that when the Imam (a) saw the multitude of enemy's army, he (a) raised his hands and said, "O God! You are my trust in every hardship and my hope in every difficulty. How much sadness exhausting the patience of the heart and there is no way to remove it. How much sadness in which our friends abandon us and the enemy gloats over that sadness of ours and due to my love towards You and not others I have brought You this petition and You have put the solution in that and have made it easy for me. So, You are the Lord of every blessing and belong to You all the good and You are the end of every goal."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | ||
From that morning or a bit later, some companions were watching from between the tents for approaching the enemy and some soldiers of the army of [[Kufa]] were killed there.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 438; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 394.</ref> | From that morning or a bit later, some companions were watching from between the tents for approaching the enemy and some soldiers of the army of [[Kufa]] were killed there.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 438; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 394.</ref> | ||
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Then, the Imam (a) stood in front of the army of the enemy and advised them to justice in a loud voice so that most soldiers of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd hear him. He began with the praise of God and introduced himself that he (a) was the son of [[Lady Fatima|the Prophet's (s) daughter]] and [['Ali (a)]], caliph and cousin of the [[Prophet (s)]] and that [[Hamza]], the [[Sayyid al-Shuhada]], and [[Ja'far al-Tayyar]] were his uncles. He (a) then narrated a [[Hadith]] from the Prophet (s) saying, "al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) are masters of the youths in Paradise" and took alive companions of the Prophet (s), [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], [[Abu Sa'id al-Khudri]], [[Sahl b. Sa'd al-Sa'idi]], [[Zayd b. Arqam]] and [[Anas b. Malik]] as witnesses. | Then, the Imam (a) stood in front of the army of the enemy and advised them to justice in a loud voice so that most soldiers of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd hear him. He began with the praise of God and introduced himself that he (a) was the son of [[Lady Fatima|the Prophet's (s) daughter]] and [['Ali (a)]], caliph and cousin of the [[Prophet (s)]] and that [[Hamza]], the [[Sayyid al-Shuhada]], and [[Ja'far al-Tayyar]] were his uncles. He (a) then narrated a [[Hadith]] from the Prophet (s) saying, "al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) are masters of the youths in Paradise" and took alive companions of the Prophet (s), [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], [[Abu Sa'id al-Khudri]], [[Sahl b. Sa'd al-Sa'idi]], [[Zayd b. Arqam]] and [[Anas b. Malik]] as witnesses. | ||
During his speech, the Imam (a) addressed commanders of the army of Kufa, [[Shabath b. Rib'i]], [[Hajjar b. Abjar]], [[Qays b. Ash'ath b. Qays]] and [[Yazid b. Harith]] and reminded them of the letters they wrote with their exact sentences and they all denied them and asked the Imam (a) to surrender and he (a) answered, "No! By God I swear that I would never stretch the hand of humility towards them."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 424-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96-98.</ref> | During his speech, the Imam (a) addressed commanders of the army of Kufa, [[Shabath b. Rib'i]], [[Hajjar b. Abjar]], [[Qays b. Ash'ath b. Qays]] and [[Yazid b. Harith]] and reminded them of the letters they wrote with their exact sentences and they all denied them and asked the Imam (a) to surrender and he (a) answered, "No! By God, I swear that I would never stretch the hand of humility towards them."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 424-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96-98.</ref> | ||
After Imam's (a) speech, [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] addressed the people from Kufa and spoke about Imam's (a) virtues and advised them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 424-427.</ref> In the middle of the speech of Imam (a), [[Shimr]] said that he did not understand anything from Imam's (a) speech and also replied to the speech of Zuhayr by obscenities.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 425-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 397.</ref> | After Imam's (a) speech, [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] addressed the people from Kufa and spoke about Imam's (a) virtues and advised them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 424-427.</ref> In the middle of the speech of Imam (a), [[Shimr]] said that he did not understand anything from Imam's (a) speech and also replied to the speech of Zuhayr by obscenities.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 425-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 397.</ref> | ||
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=== Repentance of Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi === | === Repentance of Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi === | ||
{{main|Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi}} | {{main|Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi}} | ||
In the morning of 'Ashura when Imam al-Husayn (a) called, "Is there any helper to help me?", [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] heard him (a) and | In the morning of 'Ashura when Imam al-Husayn (a) called, "Is there any helper to help me?", [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] heard him (a) and these words touched him, and when he saw the people of Kufa serious for fighting Imam al-Husayn (a), left their army and joined the camp of Imam (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 427; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 3, p. 9.</ref> It is narrated that after the beginning of the battle, Hurr asked the Imam (a) to allow him to attack the army of Kufa before other companions of Imam (a) and Imam (a) allowed him. He did so and was martyred. In some reports, Hurr was martyred in the middle of the day of 'Ashura.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 104.</ref> | ||
=== Beginning of War by 'Umar b. Sa'd === | === Beginning of War by 'Umar b. Sa'd === | ||
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The war began when [['Umar b. Sa'd]] called his slave Durayd (Dhuwayd) and told him, "O Durayd, bring the standard forth!" Then 'Umar b. Sa'd shot an arrow and said, "Be witness before Amir ('Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad) that I was the first person who shot an arrow." Then, his companions began shooting arrows together.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 429; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 398; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 101.</ref> | The war began when [['Umar b. Sa'd]] called his slave Durayd (Dhuwayd) and told him, "O Durayd, bring the standard forth!" Then 'Umar b. Sa'd shot an arrow and said, "Be witness before Amir ('Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad) that I was the first person who shot an arrow." Then, his companions began shooting arrows together.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 429; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 398; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 101.</ref> | ||
So, at the beginning of the war on the day of 'Ashura, attacks began collectively and during the first round of attacks many of the companions of Imam (a) were martyred. | So, at the beginning of the war on the day of 'Ashura, attacks began collectively and during the first round of attacks, many of the companions of Imam (a) were martyred. According to some reports, this attack is known as the first attack, up to fifty companions of Imam (a) were martyred in that attack. Then, companions of the Imam (a) went to the battle one by one or two by two and did not let anyone from the army of the enemy approach the Imam (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 429-430.</ref> | ||
=== Martyrdom of Muslim b. 'Awsaja === | === Martyrdom of Muslim b. 'Awsaja === | ||
{{main|Muslim b. 'Awsaja}} | {{main|Muslim b. 'Awsaja}} | ||
[['Amr b. al-Hajjaj]] and his soldiers attacked the right wing of the army of Imam (a), but Imam's (a) companions stopped their progress. On their return, Imam's (a) companions shot arrows towards them and killed and injured some of them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 430-436; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj]] and his soldiers attacked the right-wing of the army of Imam (a), but Imam's (a) companions stopped their progress. On their return, Imam's (a) companions shot arrows towards them and killed and injured some of them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 430-436; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | ||
After killing | After killing some soldiers from the army of Kufa in one on one fights, 'Umar b. Sa'd ordered that no one should go to battle for one on one fight.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 430-437; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | ||
Once again 'Amr b. al-Hajjaj and his soldiers attacked Imam's (a) companions and fought them for about an hour and had to retreat again. In that fight, Muslim b. 'Awsaja al-Asadi was martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 435-436; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 103-104.</ref> So, it was said that the first martyr among the companions of the Imam (a) was Muslim b. 'Awsaja.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | Once again 'Amr b. al-Hajjaj and his soldiers attacked Imam's (a) companions and fought them for about an hour and had to retreat again. In that fight, Muslim b. 'Awsaja al-Asadi was martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 435-436; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 103-104.</ref> So, it was said that the first martyr among the companions of the Imam (a) was Muslim b. 'Awsaja.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | ||
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=== Shimr's Great Desire for Battle === | === Shimr's Great Desire for Battle === | ||
After the attack of [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj]], [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] together with the left wing of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd attacked the left side of the army of the Imam (a) and faced with great resistance of Imam's (a) companions.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 436-438.</ref> | After the attack of [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj]], [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] together with the left-wing of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd attacked the left side of the army of the Imam (a) and faced with great resistance of Imam's (a) companions.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 436-438.</ref> | ||
Among the commanders of the army of [[Kufa]], | Among the commanders of the army of [[Kufa]], very few people showed such great desire for war as Shimr did. He did not even hide his determination for killing women and burning the tent of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in front of him.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 438-439.</ref> | ||
=== All-out Attack === | === All-out Attack === | ||
Before | Before noon on the day of Ashura, the enemy began an all-out attack on the army of Imam al-Husayn (a) and attacked the Imam (a) and his companions from every direction. Imam's (a) companions engaged in a fierce fight with them, and the horsemen among the companions of Imam (a) who were no more than 32, showed such a courage that made the great army of Kufa very tired so that [['Uzrat b. Qays]], the commander of the horsemen of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]] had to ask him for help.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 104.</ref> | ||
'Umar b. Sa'd called for [[Husayn b. Numayr]] and sent him to 'Uzrat b. Qays with | 'Umar b. Sa'd called for [[Husayn b. Numayr]] and sent him to 'Uzrat b. Qays with armoured horses and 500 archers and when they reached near the Imam (a) and his companions, they began shooting arrows toward them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 436-437.</ref> | ||
Companions of Imam (a) distributed among tents in groups of three and four and began defending the tents. They defended against anyone from the army of the enemy who attacked the tents and killed them with sword or shooting arrows at them. The incompetence of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd in killing Imam (a) and his companions made 'Umar b. Sa'd order the destruction of the tents of Imam (a); so, they attacked the tents from every direction. In one of these attacks, Shimr and some of his soldiers from behind the tents reached the tents of Imam (a), and [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and ten other companions of the Imam (a) attacked them and moved them away.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-439; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 105.</ref> | Companions of Imam (a) distributed among tents in groups of three and four and began defending the tents. They defended against anyone from the army of the enemy who attacked the tents and killed them with a sword or shooting arrows at them. The incompetence of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd in killing Imam (a) and his companions made 'Umar b. Sa'd order the destruction of the tents of Imam (a); so, they attacked the tents from every direction. In one of these attacks, Shimr and some of his soldiers from behind the tents reached the tents of Imam (a), and [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and ten other companions of the Imam (a) attacked them and moved them away.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-439; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 105.</ref> | ||
The war intensely continued until the mid-day.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-438.</ref> Until then, many of the companions of Imam (a) were martyred. In those attacks, in addition to [[Muslim b. 'Awsaja]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] was martyred in the left wing of the army by [[Hani b. Thubayt al-Hadrami]] and [[Bukayr b. Hay al-Taymi]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 68.</ref> [['Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]], [[Jabir b. Harith al-Salmani]], Sa'd the slave of [['Amr b. Khalid]] and [[Majma' b. 'Abd Allah 'A'idhi]] and his son, [[ | The war intensely continued until the mid-day.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-438.</ref> Until then, many of the companions of Imam (a) were martyred. In those attacks, in addition to [[Muslim b. 'Awsaja]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] was martyred in the left-wing of the army by [[Hani b. Thubayt al-Hadrami]] and [[Bukayr b. Hay al-Taymi]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 68.</ref> [['Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]], [[Jabir b. Harith al-Salmani]], Sa'd the slave of [['Amr b. Khalid]] and [[Majma' b. 'Abd Allah 'A'idhi]] and his son, [[A'idh b. Majma']] were also martyred in the fights with the enemy.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446.</ref> Some other companions of Imam (a) who some historians have counted as fifty were also martyred during this time.<ref>Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī. ''al-Futūḥ''. vol, 5. p, 101.</ref> | ||
== Noon of 'Ashura == | == Noon of 'Ashura == | ||
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=== Noon Prayer of 'Ashura === | === Noon Prayer of 'Ashura === | ||
For the noon prayer of 'Ashura, Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions got prepared. Imam (a) told [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] to stand in front of Imam (a) and about half of his companions to defend them against possible attacks of the enemy. When they began the Prayer,<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 17; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 110-111.</ref> the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]] began attacking them and shooting arrows towards them, but Zuhayr and Sa'id stood against the attacks and prevented | For the noon prayer of 'Ashura, Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions got prepared. Imam (a) told [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] to stand in front of Imam (a) and about half of his companions to defend them against possible attacks of the enemy. When they began the Prayer,<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 17; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 110-111.</ref> the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]] began attacking them and shooting arrows towards them, but Zuhayr and Sa'id stood against the attacks and prevented them from reaching the Imam (a) and other prayers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 441; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 105.</ref> | ||
After the end of Prayer, Sa'id b. Abd Allah was martyred due to great injuries.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 110-111.</ref> | After the end of Prayer, Sa'id b. Abd Allah was martyred due to great injuries.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 110-111.</ref> | ||
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=== Martyrdom of Imam's (a) Relatives === | === Martyrdom of Imam's (a) Relatives === | ||
[[File:بزرگترین پرده درویشی(گوشه ای از حماسه کربلا).jpg|thumbnail|A "Parda-i Darwishi". The painting shows some views of the Battle of 'Ashura']] | [[File:بزرگترین پرده درویشی(گوشه ای از حماسه کربلا).jpg|thumbnail|A "Parda-i Darwishi". The painting shows some views of the Battle of 'Ashura']] | ||
After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 361-362; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 80; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256.</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most | After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 361-362; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 80; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256.</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most similar to the [[Prophet (s)]] than anyone.<ref>Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 115-116.</ref> | ||
After the martyrdom of 'Ali al-Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]], [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], [['Adi b. 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]] and also sons of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]: [[Qasim b. al-Hasan (a)]] and his brother [[Abu Bakr b. al-Hasan|Abu Bakr]] and the brothers of [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]]: [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], [['Uthman b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Uthman]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and others went to the battlefield one by one and were all martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-449; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 80-86.</ref> | After the martyrdom of 'Ali al-Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]], [['Abd Allah b. Muslim b. 'Aqil]], sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], [['Adi b. 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]] and also sons of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]: [[Qasim b. al-Hasan (a)]] and his brother [[Abu Bakr b. al-Hasan|Abu Bakr]] and the brothers of [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]]: [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], [['Uthman b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Uthman]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and others went to the battlefield one by one and were all martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-449; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 80-86.</ref> | ||
However, 'Abbas b. 'Ali (a), the standard bearer of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the guard of the tents who also had the responsibility of bringing water was upon him, went to bring water and was martyred in the fight with the guards of the [[Euphrates]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-449; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 108.</ref> It is reported that the last companion of Imam (a) who was martyred was [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-453.</ref> | However, 'Abbas b. 'Ali (a), the standard-bearer of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the guard of the tents who also had the responsibility of bringing water was upon him, went to bring water and was martyred in the fight with the guards of the [[Euphrates]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-449; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 108.</ref> It is reported that the last companion of Imam (a) who was martyred was [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-453.</ref> | ||
==== Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Will for Going to Battle ==== | ==== Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Will for Going to Battle ==== | ||
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Imam (a) turned to the bodies of martyrs and said, | Imam (a) turned to the bodies of martyrs and said, | ||
:"O Habib b. Muzahir! O Zuhayr b. Qayn! And O Muslim b. 'Awsaja! O you brave ones! And O you warriors of the day of misery! Why I call you, but you do not hear me and I summon you, but you do not answer me? You are asleep and I wish you get up from your sweet dream for these are the women of the family of the Prophet (s) and they do not have any help after you! Get up from sleep, O the generous and defend the family of the Prophet (s) against this | :"O Habib b. Muzahir! O Zuhayr b. Qayn! And O Muslim b. 'Awsaja! O you brave ones! And O you warriors of the day of misery! Why I call you, but you do not hear me and I summon you, but you do not answer me? You are asleep and I wish you get up from your sweet dream for these are the women of the family of the Prophet (s) and they do not have any help after you! Get up from sleep, O the generous and defend the family of the Prophet (s) against this offence!" | ||
By hearing the voice of Imam (a), cries of the women went up. It is reported that at that time, as [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] heard the father, he (a) came out of the tent while he (a) was resting on a cane, but he (a) did not have power to carry a sword. Imam al-Husayn (a) saw him and called [[Umm Kulthum]], "Take him back so that the earth would not be emptied from the sons of Muhammad (s)."<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 32.</ref> | By hearing the voice of Imam (a), the cries of the women went up. It is reported that at that time, as [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] heard the father, he (a) came out of the tent while he (a) was resting on a cane, but he (a) did not have the power to carry a sword. Imam al-Husayn (a) saw him and called [[Umm Kulthum]], "Take him back so that the earth would not be emptied from the sons of Muhammad (s)."<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 32.</ref> | ||
=== Preparation of Imam al-Husayn (a) for the Battle === | === Preparation of Imam al-Husayn (a) for the Battle === | ||
Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, said goodbye to his sisters, wives and | Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, he said goodbye to his sisters, wives, and kids. They brought him a shirt and he (a) tore it up from some places, so that the army of Kufa do not steal it, and wore it under his other clothes and armour, but even this shirt was later stolen.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 409; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 123.</ref> | ||
When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the | When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the battlefield and shouted, "O people! If you do not have mercy on me, have mercy on this little suckling!" But they even did not show mercy on that little kid and [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]], from the middle of the army, shot an arrow towards his throat and martyred him on the chest of his father.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 95.</ref> | ||
==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ||
Although [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was left alone after [[martyrdom]] of his companions and relatives, | Although [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was left alone after [[martyrdom]] of his companions and relatives, for a while, no one from the army of [[Kufa]] came forth to fight him (a). Once, Imam (a) approached the water, they shot arrows toward his mouth and they have reported that when he (a) moved his horse towards the river, they blocked his way.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 440.</ref> Despite his loneliness and having deep wounds on his head and body, Imam (a) fought fearlessly.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 452; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 77; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
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After a period of fighting, Imam (a) came to his family and asked women for patience.<ref>Muqarram, ''Muqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 276-278; Majlisī, ''Jalāʾ al-ʿuyūn'', p. 408.</ref> Then, he said goodbye to every one of them<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 109; Muqarram, ''Muqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 277.</ref> and attended the bedside of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]].<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 177-178.</ref> | After a period of fighting, Imam (a) came to his family and asked women for patience.<ref>Muqarram, ''Muqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 276-278; Majlisī, ''Jalāʾ al-ʿuyūn'', p. 408.</ref> Then, he said goodbye to every one of them<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 109; Muqarram, ''Muqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 277.</ref> and attended the bedside of [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]].<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 177-178.</ref> | ||
When Imam (a) was busy saying goodbye to his family, by the order of 'Umar b. Sa'd, the army of Kufa attacked the tents of Imam (a) and shot arrows towards them | When Imam (a) was busy saying goodbye to his family, by the order of 'Umar b. Sa'd, the army of Kufa attacked the tents of Imam (a) and shot arrows towards them so that some of the arrows passed through the tents' ropes and scared the family of Imam (a).<ref>Muqarram, ''Muqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 277-278</ref> | ||
=== Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | === Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | ||
[[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The '''Asr-i 'Ashura''' by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]], shows the returning of the horse of Imam al-Husayn (a) to the tents after his | [[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The '''Asr-i 'Ashura''' by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]], shows the returning of the horse of Imam al-Husayn (a) to the tents after his martyrdom and the mourning of the women.]] | ||
On the [[Day of 'Ashura]], Imam al-Husayn (a) had located a place to attack the enemy from there and then return to it and with a loud voice [in a manner that all his family hear] said, "La hawl wa la quwwat illa bi-Allah al-'Aliy al-'Azim." [There is no ability nor power but by God, the Exalted, the Great.]<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 119.</ref> After several times attacking the enemy and returning to his place, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and some soldiers of the army of Kufa attacked | On the [[Day of 'Ashura]], Imam al-Husayn (a) had located a place to attack the enemy from there and then return to it and with a loud voice [in a manner that all his family hear] said, "La hawl wa la quwwat illa bi-Allah al-'Aliy al-'Azim." [There is no ability nor power but by God, the Exalted, the Great.]<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 119.</ref> After several times attacking the enemy and returning to his place, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and some soldiers of the army of Kufa attacked the tents of Imam (a) and made a separation between him and the tents. When Imam (a) saw that, shouted, "Woe be to you! If you do not believe in any religion and do not fear the [[Day of Judgement]], then at least be free-spirited in your world."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 440.</ref> | ||
Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-408.</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 35.</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112.</ref> | Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-408.</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 35.</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112.</ref> | ||
According to some sources, wounds and fatigue from battle had seriously | According to some sources, wounds and fatigue from battle had seriously weakened Imam (a). Thus, he (a) rested a while, but suddenly a stone hit his forehead and blood ran down. When he (a) wanted to clean the blood off his face with his shirt, a triple-pointed poisonous arrow was shot at him and hit his heart.<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 34; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 120.</ref> | ||
According to some sources, a man called [[Malik b. Nusayr]] landed such a blow at Imam's (a) head that the rope of Imam's (a) helmet was torn up.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 75; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110.</ref> Another person called [[Zar'a b. Sharik al-Tamimi]] stroke a heavy blow at Imam's (a) left shoulder and [[Sinan b. Anas]] shot an arrow at Imam's (a) throat. Then, [[Salih b. Wahb al-Ju'fi]] (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas) came forth and stroke Imam's (a) side with spear so hard that Imam (a) fell from the horse on his right cheek.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-409; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 258; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112.</ref> | According to some sources, a man called [[Malik b. Nusayr]] landed such a blow at Imam's (a) head that the rope of Imam's (a) helmet was torn up.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 75; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110.</ref> Another person called [[Zar'a b. Sharik al-Tamimi]] stroke a heavy blow at Imam's (a) left shoulder and [[Sinan b. Anas]] shot an arrow at Imam's (a) throat. Then, [[Salih b. Wahb al-Ju'fi]] (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas) came forth and stroke Imam's (a) side with a spear so hard that Imam (a) fell from the horse on his right cheek.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-409; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 258; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112.</ref> | ||
When the army of Kufa had sieged Imam (a) and he (a) was passing the last moments of his life, a small kid from the tents called [['Abd Allah b. Hasan]] saw Imam (a) at that state and left the tents and even though [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] tried to stop him, he rushed to Imam (a). When Bahr (or Abjar) b. Ka'b (or according to another narration, [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]]) attacked Imam (a) with sword, the kid guarded Imam (a) with his hand and the sword cut off his hand.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 122-123.</ref> | When the army of Kufa had sieged Imam (a) and he (a) was passing the last moments of his life, a small kid from the tents called [['Abd Allah b. Hasan]] saw Imam (a) at that state and left the tents and even though [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] tried to stop him, he rushed to Imam (a). When Bahr (or Abjar) b. Ka'b (or according to another narration, [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]]) attacked Imam (a) with a sword, the kid guarded Imam (a) with his hand and the sword cut off his hand.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 122-123.</ref> | ||
[[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] with a group of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]], among whom were [['Abd al-Rahman b. Ziyad]], [[Qash'am b. 'Amr b. Yazid al-Harduwan al-Ju'fi]], [[Salih b. Wahb al-Yazni]], [[Sinan b. Anas al-Nakha'i]] and [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] attacked Imam (a). Shimr was encouraging them to attack him (a) and finish the job,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 408-409; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 77.</ref> but they did not go forth, so Shimr ordered Khawli b. Yazid to behead Imam (a). Khawli went to behead Imam (a), but when he entered the killing pit ([[Qatlgah]]), he feared and become shivering and could not proceed. So, Shimr<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas)<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450-453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> got off from the horse and beheaded Imam (a) and gave Imam's (a) head to Khawli.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; vol. 3, p. 409; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> Upon the martyrdom of Imam (a), his body had the signs of 33 hits of sword and 34 hits of spear.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 258-259.</ref> After the martyrdom of Imam (a), the enemy looted his clothes and everything he (a) had and left him naked on the ground. | [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] with a group of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]], among whom were [['Abd al-Rahman b. Ziyad]], [[Qash'am b. 'Amr b. Yazid al-Harduwan al-Ju'fi]], [[Salih b. Wahb al-Yazni]], [[Sinan b. Anas al-Nakha'i]] and [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] attacked Imam (a). Shimr was encouraging them to attack him (a) and finish the job,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 408-409; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 77.</ref> but they did not go forth, so Shimr ordered Khawli b. Yazid to behead Imam (a). Khawli went to behead Imam (a), but when he entered the killing pit ([[Qatlgah]]), he feared and become shivering and could not proceed. So, Shimr<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas)<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450-453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> got off from the horse and beheaded Imam (a) and gave Imam's (a) head to Khawli.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; vol. 3, p. 409; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> Upon the martyrdom of Imam (a), his body had the signs of 33 hits of sword and 34 hits of spear.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 258-259.</ref> After the martyrdom of Imam (a), the enemy looted his clothes and everything he (a) had and left him naked on the ground. | ||
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=== Looting the Tents === | === Looting the Tents === | ||
[[File:Taziya in Najaf 2014.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Shi'a men perform during the reenactment of the [[Battle of Karbala]] as part of the 'Ashura commemorations in the city of [[Najaf]], central [[Iraq]], on [[November 4]], 2014]] | [[File:Taziya in Najaf 2014.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Shi'a men perform during the reenactment of the [[Battle of Karbala]] as part of the 'Ashura commemorations in the city of [[Najaf]], central [[Iraq]], on [[November 4]], 2014]] | ||
After the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), the army of enemy attacked the tents to steal the clothes and whatever was there and stole all horses, camels and property including women's clothes and | After the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), the army of the enemy attacked the tents to steal the clothes and whatever was there and stole all horses, camels and property including women's clothes and jewellery. They compete with each other in looting the tents of Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 479.</ref> | ||
Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan and a group of the army of the enemy entered the tents. He wanted to martyr [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], but [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] did not let him. According to another narration, some of the soldiers of 'Umar b. Sa'd objected him.<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 479-480.</ref> | Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan and a group of the army of the enemy entered the tents. He wanted to martyr [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], but [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] did not let him. According to another narration, some of the soldiers of 'Umar b. Sa'd objected him.<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 479-480.</ref> | ||
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[[ar:واقعة عاشوراء (تسلسل أحداث)]] | [[ar:واقعة عاشوراء (تسلسل أحداث)]] | ||
[[ur:روز عاشورا (وقایع)]] | [[ur:روز عاشورا (وقایع)]] | ||
[[Category:Battle of Karbala]] | [[Category:Battle of Karbala]] | ||
[[Category:Imam al-Husayn (a)]] | [[Category:Imam al-Husayn (a)]] | ||