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Day of Ashura (events): Difference between revisions
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{{For|2=Ashura (disambiguation)}} | {{For|2=Ashura (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
The events of the '''Day of Ashura''' are the events that happened for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his family, in the battle with the army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] led by [[ | The events of the '''Day of Ashura''' are the events that happened for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his family, in the battle with the army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] led by [[Umar b. Sa'd]] on [[Muharram 10]], 61/[[October 13]], 680 in the land of [[Karbala]] which led to the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a), his companions and his relatives. The rest of his caravan were also taken as captives. | ||
== Morning of | == Morning of Ashura == | ||
[[File:واقعه طف.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The old painting shows the battlefield where the fight between [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and the Army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] happened.]] | [[File:واقعه طف.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The old painting shows the battlefield where the fight between [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and the Army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] happened.]] | ||
In the morning of 'Ashura', Imam al-Husayn (a) performed [[Fajr prayer]] together with his companions.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423.</ref> Then, the Imam (a) arranged his forces which consisted of 32 horsemen and 40-foot soldiers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256.</ref> He (a) assigned [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] as the commander of the right-wing and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] as the commander of the left-wing and gave the standard of his army to his brother [['Abbas (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 59. | In the morning of 'Ashura', Imam al-Husayn (a) performed [[Fajr prayer]] together with his companions.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423.</ref> Then, the Imam (a) arranged his forces which consisted of 32 horsemen and 40-foot soldiers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256.</ref> He (a) assigned [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] as the commander of the right-wing and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] as the commander of the left-wing and gave the standard of his army to his brother [['Abbas (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 59. | ||
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By the order of Imam (a), forces stood in front of the tents<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> and set fire to the firewood and brushwood gathered in the moat to prevent the enemy from behind.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | By the order of Imam (a), forces stood in front of the tents<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> and set fire to the firewood and brushwood gathered in the moat to prevent the enemy from behind.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | ||
At the other side of the battlefield, [[ | At the other side of the battlefield, [[Umar b. Sa'd]] did his prayer and assigned the commanders of his army who were (according to the famous report) 30000 people.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 177; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 70.</ref> He assigned [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi]] as the commander of the right-wing, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]], the commander of the left-wing, [['Uzrat b. Qays al-Ahmasi]], the commander of the horsemen and [[Shabath b. Rib'i]] as the commander of the foot soldiers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423-426; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 395-396.</ref> | ||
'Umar b. Sa'd also assigned [[ | 'Umar b. Sa'd also assigned [[Abd Allah b. Zuhayr al-Asadi]] as the commander of the people of [[Kufa]], [['Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Sabra]], as the commander of the tribes of [[Madhhij]] and [[Banu Asad]]. He also assigned [[Qays b. Ash'ath b. Qays]] as the commander of the tribes of Rabi'a and Kinda and assigned [[Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]] as the commander of the tribes of Banu Tamim and Hamdan and gave the standard of his army to his slave [[Zuwayd]] (Durayd) and prepared them to fight against Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 422; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 60; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 95-95.</ref> | ||
It has been reported that when the Imam (a) saw the multitude of enemy's army, he (a) raised his hands and said, "O God! You are my trust in every hardship and my hope in every difficulty. How much sadness exhausting the patience of the heart and there is no way to remove it. How much sadness in which our friends abandon us and the enemy gloats over that sadness of ours and due to my love towards You and not others I have brought You this petition and You have put the solution in that and have made it easy for me. So, You are the Lord of every blessing and belong to You all the good and You are the end of every goal."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | It has been reported that when the Imam (a) saw the multitude of enemy's army, he (a) raised his hands and said, "O God! You are my trust in every hardship and my hope in every difficulty. How much sadness exhausting the patience of the heart and there is no way to remove it. How much sadness in which our friends abandon us and the enemy gloats over that sadness of ours and due to my love towards You and not others I have brought You this petition and You have put the solution in that and have made it easy for me. So, You are the Lord of every blessing and belong to You all the good and You are the end of every goal."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | ||
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=== Speeches of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his Companions === | === Speeches of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his Companions === | ||
Before the beginning of the war, to have the final word said to the army of Kufa, Imam (a) got on his horse and went to the enemy's army with a group of his companions ahead of whom [[Burayr b. Khudayr]] was going. The Imam (a) told him, "O Burayr! Speak to them and advise them!"<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 396-398; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 253.</ref> | Before the beginning of the war, to have the final word said to the army of Kufa, Imam (a) got on his horse and went to the enemy's army with a group of his companions ahead of whom [[Burayr b. Khudayr]] was going. The Imam (a) told him, "O Burayr! Speak to them and advise them!"<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 396-398; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 253.</ref> | ||
Then, Burayr stood in front of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]] and advised them.<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 252; Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī. ''al-Futūḥ''. vol, 5. p, 100. | Then, Burayr stood in front of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]] and advised them.<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 252; Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī. ''al-Futūḥ''. vol, 5. p, 100. | ||