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After killing some soldiers from the army of Kufa in one on one fights, 'Umar b. Sa'd ordered that no one should go to battle for one on one fight.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 430-437; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | After killing some soldiers from the army of Kufa in one on one fights, 'Umar b. Sa'd ordered that no one should go to battle for one on one fight.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 430-437; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | ||
Once again 'Amr b. al-Hajjaj and his soldiers attacked Imam's (a) companions | Once again 'Amr b. al-Hajjaj and his soldiers attacked Imam's (a) companions, fought them for about an hour, and retreated again. In that fight, Muslim b. 'Awsaja al-Asadi was martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 435-436; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 103-104.</ref> So, it was said that the first martyr among the companions of the Imam (a) was Muslim b. 'Awsaja.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400.</ref> | ||
=== Battle of 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr === | === Battle of 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr === | ||
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=== Shimr's Great Desire for Battle === | === Shimr's Great Desire for Battle === | ||
After the attack of [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj]], [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] together with the left-wing of the army of | After the attack of [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj]], [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] together with the left-wing of the army of Umar b. Sa'd attacked the left side of the Imam's (a) army and faced great resistance of Imam's (a) companions.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 436-438.</ref> | ||
Among the commanders of the army of [[Kufa]], very few people showed such great desire for war as Shimr did. He did not even hide his determination for killing women and burning the tent of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in front of him.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 438-439.</ref> | Among the commanders of the army of [[Kufa]], very few people showed such great desire for war as Shimr did. He did not even hide his determination for killing women and burning the tent of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in front of him.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 438-439.</ref> | ||
=== All-out Attack === | === All-out Attack === | ||
Before noon on the day of Ashura, the enemy began an all-out attack on the army of Imam al-Husayn (a) and attacked the Imam (a) and his companions from every direction. Imam's (a) companions engaged in a fierce fight with them, and the horsemen among the companions of Imam (a) who were no more than 32, showed such courage that made the great army of Kufa very tired so that [['Uzrat b. Qays]], the commander of the horsemen of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]] had to ask him for help.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 104.</ref> | |||
'Umar b. Sa'd called for [[Husayn b. Numayr]] and sent him to 'Uzrat b. Qays with armored horses and 500 archers and when they reached near the Imam (a) and his companions, they began shooting arrows toward them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 436-437.</ref> | |||
'Umar b. Sa'd | Companions of Imam (a) were distributed among tents in groups of three and four and began defending the tents. They defended against anyone from the army of the enemy who attacked the tents and killed them with a sword or shooting arrows at them. The incompetence of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd in killing Imam (a) and his companions made 'Umar b. Sa'd order the destruction of the tents of Imam (a); so, they attacked the tents from every direction. In one of these attacks, Shimr and some of his soldiers from behind the tents reached the tents of Imam (a), and [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and ten other companions of the Imam (a) attacked them and moved them away.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-439; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 105.</ref> | ||
The war intensely continued until mid-day.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-438.</ref> Until then, many of the companions of Imam (a) were martyred. In those attacks, in addition to [[Muslim b. 'Awsaja]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] was martyred in the left-wing of the army by [[Hani b. Thubayt al-Hadrami]] and [[Bukayr b. Hay al-Taymi]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 68.</ref> [['Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]], [[Jabir b. Harith al-Salmani]], Sa'd the slave of [['Amr b. Khalid]] and [[Majma' b. 'Abd Allah 'A'idhi]] and his son, [[A'idh b. Majma']] were also martyred in the fights with the enemy.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446.</ref> Some other companions of Imam (a) who some historians have counted as fifty were also martyred during this time.<ref>Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī. ''al-Futūḥ''. vol, 5. p, 101.</ref> | |||
== Noon of Ashura == | |||
When the sun reached its peak at the noon of 'Ashura and the time for the [[Noon Prayer]] came, [[Abu Thumama al-Sa'idi]] reminded Imam (a) of the time of Prayer. Imam (a) raised his head and looked at the sky and while he (a) was praying for Abu Thumama, said, "Ask them (the army of Kufa) to give us time for the noon prayer."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 438-439; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 70.</ref> Then, [[Husayn b. Tamim]] shouted that his (Imam's (a)) prayer would not be accepted. [[Habib b. Muzahir]] got angry and shouted, "Have you thought that the Prayer of the family of the [[Prophet (s)]] would not be accepted, and it is accepted from you donkey?!" Husayn, his relatives, and soldiers around him got angry too and attacked Habib and fought him until he was martyred by [[Budayl b. Suraym]] and [[Husayn b. Tamim]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 439-440.</ref> | |||
=== Noon Prayer of Ashura === | |||
For the noon prayer of Ashura, Imam al-Husayn (a) and his companions got prepared. Imam (a) told [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] to stand in front of Imam (a) and about half of his companions to defend them against possible attacks of the enemy. When they began the Prayer,<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 17; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 110-111.</ref> the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]] began attacking them and shooting arrows towards them, but Zuhayr and Sa'id stood against the attacks and prevented them from reaching the Imam (a) and other prayers.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 441; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 105.</ref> | |||
=== Noon Prayer of | |||
For the noon prayer of | |||
After the end of Prayer, Sa'id b. Abd Allah was martyred due to great injuries.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 110-111.</ref> | After the end of Prayer, Sa'id b. Abd Allah was martyred due to great injuries.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 110-111.</ref> | ||
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After the Prayer, Zuhayr b. Qayn, [[Burayr b. Khudayr al-Hamdani]], [[Nafi' b. Hilal al-Jamali]], [['Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri]], [[Hanzala b. Sa'd al-Shabami]] and others went to the battlefield one by one and were martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 441; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 20.</ref> | After the Prayer, Zuhayr b. Qayn, [[Burayr b. Khudayr al-Hamdani]], [[Nafi' b. Hilal al-Jamali]], [['Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri]], [[Hanzala b. Sa'd al-Shabami]] and others went to the battlefield one by one and were martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 441; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 20.</ref> | ||
== Afternoon of | == Afternoon of Ashura == | ||
=== Martyrdom of Imam's (a) Relatives === | === Martyrdom of Imam's (a) Relatives === | ||
[[File:بزرگترین پرده درویشی(گوشه ای از حماسه کربلا).jpg|thumbnail|A "Parda-i Darwishi". The painting shows some views of the Battle of | [[File:بزرگترین پرده درویشی(گوشه ای از حماسه کربلا).jpg|thumbnail|A "Parda-i Darwishi". The painting shows some views of the Battle of Ashura]] | ||
After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 361-362; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 80; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256.</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most similar to the [[Prophet (s)]] than anyone.<ref>Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 115-116.</ref> | After the martyrdom of the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a), youths of his family came forth for the battle. The first one of [[Banu Hashim]] who asked him (a) for permission and was martyred was [['Ali al-Akbar (a)]].<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 361-362; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 80; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256.</ref> After 'Ali al-Akbar (a) asked Imam (a) for permission, he went to the battlefield. In a prayer for him, Imam (a) considered him the most similar to the [[Prophet (s)]] than anyone.<ref>Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 115-116.</ref> | ||
After the martyrdom of 'Ali al-Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [[ | After the martyrdom of 'Ali al-Akbar (a), others from Banu Hashim including the sons of [[Aqil b. Abi Talib]], [[Abd Allah b. Muslim b. Aqil]], sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], [[Adi b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]] and also sons of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]]: [[Qasim b. al-Hasan (a)]] and his brother [[Abu Bakr b. al-Hasan|Abu Bakr]] and the brothers of [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]]: [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|'Abd Allah]], [[Uthman b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib|Uthman]], [[Ja'far b. Ali b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]] and others went to the battlefield one by one and were all martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-449; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 80-86.</ref> | ||
However, | However, Abbas b. Ali (a), the standard-bearer of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the guard of the tents who also had the responsibility of bringing water was upon him, went to bring water and was martyred in the fight with the guards of the [[Euphrates]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-449; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 108.</ref> It is reported that the last companion of Imam (a) who was martyred was [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446-453.</ref> | ||
==== Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Will for Going to Battle ==== | ==== Imam al-Sajjad's (a) Will for Going to Battle ==== | ||
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Imam (a) turned to the bodies of martyrs and said, | Imam (a) turned to the bodies of martyrs and said, | ||
:"O Habib b. Muzahir! O Zuhayr b. Qayn! And O Muslim b. 'Awsaja! O you brave ones! And O you warriors of the day of misery! Why I call you, but you do not hear me and I summon you, but you do not answer me? You are asleep and I wish you get up from your sweet dream for these are the women of the family of the Prophet (s) and they do not have any help after you! Get up from sleep, O the generous and defend the family of the Prophet (s) against this | :"O Habib b. Muzahir! O Zuhayr b. Qayn! And O Muslim b. 'Awsaja! O you brave ones! And O you warriors of the day of misery! Why I call you, but you do not hear me and I summon you, but you do not answer me? You are asleep and I wish you get up from your sweet dream for these are the women of the family of the Prophet (s) and they do not have any help after you! Get up from sleep, O the generous and defend the family of the Prophet (s) against this offense!" | ||
By hearing the voice of Imam (a), the cries of the women went up. It is reported that at that time, as [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] heard the father, he (a) came out of the tent while he (a) was resting on a cane, but he (a) did not have the power to carry a sword. Imam al-Husayn (a) saw him and called [[Umm Kulthum]], "Take him back so that the earth would not be emptied from the sons of Muhammad (s)."<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 32.</ref> | By hearing the voice of Imam (a), the cries of the women went up. It is reported that at that time, as [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] heard the father, he (a) came out of the tent while he (a) was resting on a cane, but he (a) did not have the power to carry a sword. Imam al-Husayn (a) saw him and called [[Umm Kulthum]], "Take him back so that the earth would not be emptied from the sons of Muhammad (s)."<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 32.</ref> | ||
=== Preparation of Imam al-Husayn (a) for the Battle === | === Preparation of Imam al-Husayn (a) for the Battle === | ||
Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, he said goodbye to his sisters, wives, and kids. They brought him a shirt and he (a) tore it up from some places, so that the army of Kufa do not steal it, and wore it under his other clothes and armor, but even this shirt was later stolen.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 409; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 123.</ref> | |||
Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, he said goodbye to his sisters, wives, and kids. They brought him a shirt and he (a) tore it up from some places, so that the army of Kufa do not steal it, and wore it under his other clothes and | |||
When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the battlefield and shouted, "O people! If you do not have mercy on me, have mercy on this little suckling!" But they even did not show mercy on that little kid and [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]], from the middle of the army, shot an arrow towards his throat and martyred him on the chest of his father.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 95.</ref> | When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the battlefield and shouted, "O people! If you do not have mercy on me, have mercy on this little suckling!" But they even did not show mercy on that little kid and [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]], from the middle of the army, shot an arrow towards his throat and martyred him on the chest of his father.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 95.</ref> | ||
==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ||
Although [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was left alone after [[martyrdom]] of his companions and relatives, for a while, no one from the army of [[Kufa]] came forth to fight him (a). Once, Imam (a) approached the water, they shot arrows toward his mouth and they have reported that when he (a) moved his horse towards the river, they blocked his way.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 440.</ref> Despite his loneliness and having deep wounds on his head and body, Imam (a) fought fearlessly.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 452; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 77; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111. | Although [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was left alone after [[martyrdom]] of his companions and relatives, for a while, no one from the army of [[Kufa]] came forth to fight him (a). Once, Imam (a) approached the water, they shot arrows toward his mouth and they have reported that when he (a) moved his horse towards the river, they blocked his way.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 440.</ref> Despite his loneliness and having deep wounds on his head and body, Imam (a) fought fearlessly.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 452; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 77; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
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=== Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | === Martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a) === | ||
[[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The '''Asr-i 'Ashura''' by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]], shows the returning of the horse of Imam al-Husayn (a) to the tents after his martyrdom and the mourning of the women.]] | [[File:تابلوی عصر عاشورا.jpg|thumbnail|The '''Asr-i 'Ashura''' by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]], shows the returning of the horse of Imam al-Husayn (a) to the tents after his martyrdom and the mourning of the women.]] | ||
On the [[Day of 'Ashura]], Imam al-Husayn (a) had located a place to attack the enemy from there and then return to it and with a loud voice [in a manner that all his family | On the [[Day of 'Ashura]], Imam al-Husayn (a) had located a place to attack the enemy from there and then return to it and with a loud voice [in a manner that all his family hears] said, "La hawl wa la quwwat illa bi-Allah al-'Aliy al-'Azim." [There is no ability nor power but by God, the Exalted, the Great.]<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 119.</ref> After several times attacking the enemy and returning to his place, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and some soldiers of the army of Kufa attacked the tents of Imam (a) and made a separation between him and the tents. When Imam (a) saw that, shouted, "Woe be to you! If you do not believe in any religion and do not fear the [[Day of Judgement]], then at least be free-spirited in your world."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 440.</ref> | ||
Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-408.</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 35.</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112.</ref> | Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-408.</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 35.</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112.</ref> | ||
According to some sources, wounds and fatigue from battle had seriously | According to some sources, wounds and fatigue from battle had seriously weaken Imam (a). Thus, he (a) rested a while, but suddenly a stone hit his forehead and blood ran down. When he (a) wanted to clean the blood off his face with his shirt, a triple-pointed poisonous arrow was shot at him and hit his heart.<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 34; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 120.</ref> | ||
According to some sources, a man called [[Malik b. Nusayr]] landed such a blow at Imam's (a) head that the rope of Imam's (a) helmet was torn up.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 75; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110.</ref> Another person called [[Zar'a b. Sharik al-Tamimi]] stroke a heavy blow at Imam's (a) left shoulder and [[Sinan b. Anas]] shot an arrow at Imam's (a) throat. Then, [[Salih b. Wahb al-Ju'fi]] (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas) came forth and stroke Imam's (a) side with a spear so hard that Imam (a) fell from the horse on his right cheek.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-409; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 258; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112.</ref> | According to some sources, a man called [[Malik b. Nusayr]] landed such a blow at Imam's (a) head that the rope of Imam's (a) helmet was torn up.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 75; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110.</ref> Another person called [[Zar'a b. Sharik al-Tamimi]] stroke a heavy blow at Imam's (a) left shoulder and [[Sinan b. Anas]] shot an arrow at Imam's (a) throat. Then, [[Salih b. Wahb al-Ju'fi]] (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas) came forth and stroke Imam's (a) side with a spear so hard that Imam (a) fell from the horse on his right cheek.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-409; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 258; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112.</ref> | ||
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When the army of Kufa had sieged Imam (a) and he (a) was passing the last moments of his life, a small kid from the tents called [['Abd Allah b. Hasan]] saw Imam (a) at that state and left the tents and even though [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] tried to stop him, he rushed to Imam (a). When Bahr (or Abjar) b. Ka'b (or according to another narration, [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]]) attacked Imam (a) with a sword, the kid guarded Imam (a) with his hand and the sword cut off his hand.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 122-123.</ref> | When the army of Kufa had sieged Imam (a) and he (a) was passing the last moments of his life, a small kid from the tents called [['Abd Allah b. Hasan]] saw Imam (a) at that state and left the tents and even though [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] tried to stop him, he rushed to Imam (a). When Bahr (or Abjar) b. Ka'b (or according to another narration, [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]]) attacked Imam (a) with a sword, the kid guarded Imam (a) with his hand and the sword cut off his hand.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 122-123.</ref> | ||
[[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] with a group of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]], among whom were [['Abd al-Rahman b. Ziyad]], [[Qash'am b. 'Amr b. Yazid al-Harduwan al-Ju'fi]], [[Salih b. Wahb al-Yazni]], [[Sinan b. Anas al-Nakha'i]] and [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] attacked Imam (a). Shimr was encouraging them to attack him (a) and finish the job,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 408-409; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 77.</ref> but they did not go forth, so Shimr ordered Khawli b. Yazid to behead Imam (a). Khawli went to behead Imam (a), but when he entered the killing pit ([[Qatlgah]]), he feared and become shivering and could not proceed. So, Shimr<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas)<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450-453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> got off from the horse and beheaded Imam (a) and gave Imam's (a) head to Khawli.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; vol. 3, p. 409; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> Upon the martyrdom of Imam (a), his body had the signs of 33 hits of sword and 34 hits of spear.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 258-259.</ref> After the martyrdom of Imam (a), the enemy looted his clothes and everything he (a) had and left him naked on the ground. | [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] with a group of the army of [['Umar b. Sa'd]], among whom were [['Abd al-Rahman b. Ziyad]], [[Qash'am b. 'Amr b. Yazid al-Harduwan al-Ju'fi]], [[Salih b. Wahb al-Yazni]], [[Sinan b. Anas al-Nakha'i]] and [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] attacked Imam (a). Shimr was encouraging them to attack him (a) and finish the job,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 408-409; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 77.</ref> but they did not go forth, so Shimr ordered Khawli b. Yazid to behead Imam (a). Khawli went to behead Imam (a), but when he entered the killing pit ([[Qatlgah]]), he feared and become shivering and could not proceed. So, Shimr<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas)<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 450-453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> got off from the horse and beheaded Imam (a) and gave Imam's (a) head to Khawli.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 453; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 441; vol. 3, p. 409; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 118.</ref> Upon the martyrdom of Imam (a), his body had the signs of 33 hits of sword and 34 hits of a spear.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 258-259.</ref> After the martyrdom of Imam (a), the enemy looted his clothes and everything he (a) had and left him naked on the ground. | ||
=== Riding Horses on the Bodies of Martyrs === | === Riding Horses on the Bodies of Martyrs === | ||
By the order of [[ | By the order of [[Umar b. Sa'd]], to follow the order of [[Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]], ten volunteers from the army of Kufa including [[Ishaq b. Huya]] and [[Akhnas b. Murthad]] trod on the bodies of Imam (a) and other Martyrs.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 455; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 411; Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 259.</ref> | ||
=== Sending the Heads of the Martyrs to Kufa === | === Sending the Heads of the Martyrs to Kufa === | ||
On the same day, Umar b. Sa'd sent the head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] to 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad by [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] and [[Humayd b. Muslim al-Azdi]]. He also ordered his soldiers to behead all the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a) and the youths of [[Banu Hashim]] which were seventy two and sent them to Kufa by Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan and 'Amr b. Hajjaj.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 455; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 411; Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 259.</ref> | |||
== Events after the War == | == Events after the War == | ||
=== Looting the Tents === | === Looting the Tents === | ||
[[File:Taziya in Najaf 2014.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Shi'a men perform during the reenactment of the [[Battle of Karbala]] as part of the 'Ashura commemorations in the city of [[Najaf]], central [[Iraq]], on [[November 4]], 2014]] | [[File:Taziya in Najaf 2014.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Shi'a men perform during the reenactment of the [[Battle of Karbala]] as part of the 'Ashura commemorations in the city of [[Najaf]], central [[Iraq]], on [[November 4]], 2014]] | ||
After the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), the army of the enemy attacked the tents to steal the clothes and whatever was there and stole all horses, camels and property including women's clothes and | After the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a), the army of the enemy attacked the tents to steal the clothes and whatever was there and stole all horses, camels, and property including women's clothes and jewelry. They compete with each other in looting the tents of Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 479.</ref> | ||
Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan and a group of the army of the enemy entered the tents. He wanted to martyr [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], but [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] did not let him. According to another narration, some of the soldiers of 'Umar b. Sa'd objected him.<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 479-480.</ref> | Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan and a group of the army of the enemy entered the tents. He wanted to martyr [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], but [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] did not let him. According to another narration, some of the soldiers of 'Umar b. Sa'd objected him.<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 479-480.</ref> | ||
Umar b. Sa'd ordered to gather all the women in one tent and appointed some guards for them.<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 482.</ref> | |||
===Captives=== | ===Captives=== | ||