Anonymous user
Day of Ashura (events): Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
imported>E.amini |
imported>E.amini mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
{{For|2=Ashura (disambiguation)}} | {{For|2=Ashura (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
The events of the '''Day of Ashura''' are the events that happened for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his family, in the battle with the army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] led by [[Umar b. Sa'd]] on [[Muharram 10]], 61/[[October 13]], 680 in the land of [[Karbala]] which led to the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a), his companions and his relatives. The rest of his caravan | The events of the '''Day of Ashura''' are the events that happened for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his family, in the battle with the army of [[Yazid b. Mu'awiya]] led by [[Umar b. Sa'd]] on [[Muharram 10]], 61/[[October 13]], 680 in the land of [[Karbala]] which led to the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a), his companions and his relatives. The rest of his caravan was also taken as captives. | ||
== Morning of Ashura == | == Morning of Ashura == | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
It has been reported that when the Imam (a) saw the multitude of enemy's army, he (a) raised his hands and said, "O God! You are my trust in every hardship and my hope in every difficulty. How much sadness exhausting the patience of the heart and there is no way to remove it. How much sadness in which our friends abandon us and the enemy gloats over that sadness of ours and due to my love towards You and not others I have brought You this petition and You have put the solution in that and have made it easy for me. So, You are the Lord of every blessing and belong to You all the good and You are the end of every goal."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | It has been reported that when the Imam (a) saw the multitude of enemy's army, he (a) raised his hands and said, "O God! You are my trust in every hardship and my hope in every difficulty. How much sadness exhausting the patience of the heart and there is no way to remove it. How much sadness in which our friends abandon us and the enemy gloats over that sadness of ours and due to my love towards You and not others I have brought You this petition and You have put the solution in that and have made it easy for me. So, You are the Lord of every blessing and belong to You all the good and You are the end of every goal."<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 423; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 96.</ref> | ||
From that morning or a bit later, some companions were watching | From that morning or a bit later, some companions were watching between the tents for approaching the enemy and some soldiers of the army of [[Kufa]] were killed there.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 438; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 394.</ref> | ||
=== Speeches of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his Companions === | === Speeches of Imam al-Husayn (a) and his Companions === | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
'Umar b. Sa'd called for [[Husayn b. Numayr]] and sent him to 'Uzrat b. Qays with armored horses and 500 archers and when they reached near the Imam (a) and his companions, they began shooting arrows toward them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 436-437.</ref> | 'Umar b. Sa'd called for [[Husayn b. Numayr]] and sent him to 'Uzrat b. Qays with armored horses and 500 archers and when they reached near the Imam (a) and his companions, they began shooting arrows toward them.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 436-437.</ref> | ||
Companions of Imam (a) were distributed among tents in groups of three and four and began defending the tents. They defended against anyone from the army | Companions of Imam (a) were distributed among tents in groups of three and four and began defending the tents. They defended against anyone from the enemy army who attacked the tents and killed them with a sword or shooting arrows at them. The incompetence of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd in killing Imam (a) and his companions made 'Umar b. Sa'd order the destruction of the tents of Imam (a); so, they attacked the tents from every direction. In one of these attacks, Shimr and some of his soldiers from behind the tents reached the tents of Imam (a), and [[Zuhayr b. Qayn]] and ten other companions of the Imam (a) attacked them and moved them away.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-439; Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 400; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 105.</ref> | ||
The war intensely continued until mid-day.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-438.</ref> Until then, many of the companions of Imam (a) were martyred. In those attacks, in addition to [[Muslim b. 'Awsaja]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] was martyred in the left-wing of the army by [[Hani b. Thubayt al-Hadrami]] and [[Bukayr b. Hay al-Taymi]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 68.</ref> [['Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]], [[Jabir b. Harith al-Salmani]], Sa'd the slave of [['Amr b. Khalid]] and [[Majma' b. 'Abd Allah 'A'idhi]] and his son, [[A'idh b. Majma']] were also martyred in the fights with the enemy.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446.</ref> Some other companions of Imam (a) who some historians have counted as fifty were also martyred during this time.<ref>Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī. ''al-Futūḥ''. vol, 5. p, 101.</ref> | The war intensely continued until mid-day.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437-438.</ref> Until then, many of the companions of Imam (a) were martyred. In those attacks, in addition to [[Muslim b. 'Awsaja]], [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] was martyred in the left-wing of the army by [[Hani b. Thubayt al-Hadrami]] and [[Bukayr b. Hay al-Taymi]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 437; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 68.</ref> [['Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]], [[Jabir b. Harith al-Salmani]], Sa'd the slave of [['Amr b. Khalid]] and [[Majma' b. 'Abd Allah 'A'idhi]] and his son, [[A'idh b. Majma']] were also martyred in the fights with the enemy.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446.</ref> Some other companions of Imam (a) who some historians have counted as fifty were also martyred during this time.<ref>Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī. ''al-Futūḥ''. vol, 5. p, 101.</ref> | ||
| Line 121: | Line 121: | ||
=== Preparation of Imam al-Husayn (a) for the Battle === | === Preparation of Imam al-Husayn (a) for the Battle === | ||
Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, he said goodbye to his sisters, wives, and kids. They brought him a shirt and he (a) tore it up from some places, so that the army of Kufa do not steal it, and wore it under his other clothes and armor, but even this shirt was later stolen.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 409; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 123.</ref> | Imam al-Husayn (a) came to his tent and after advising his family to silence, he said goodbye to his sisters, wives, and kids. They brought him a shirt and he (a) tore it up from some places, so that the army of Kufa do not steal it, and wore it under his other clothes and armor, but even this shirt was later stolen.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 409; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 123.</ref> | ||
When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the battlefield and shouted, "O people! If you do not have mercy on me, have mercy on this little suckling!" But they even did not show mercy on that little kid and [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]], from the middle of the army, shot an arrow towards his throat and martyred him on | When Imam (a) saw [['Ali al-Asghar|his suckling baby]] crying out of thirst, he (a) took it and went near the battlefield and shouted, "O people! If you do not have mercy on me, have mercy on this little suckling!" But they even did not show mercy on that little kid and [[Harmala b. Kahil al-Asadi]], from the middle of the army, shot an arrow towards his throat and martyred him on his father's chest.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 95.</ref> | ||
==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ==== Battles of Imam (a) in the Afternoon of 'Ashura ==== | ||
| Line 141: | Line 141: | ||
Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-408.</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 35.</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112.</ref> | Foot soldiers under command of Shimr surrounded Imam (a), but they still did not come forth and inevitably Shimr encouraged them.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-408.</ref> Shimr ordered the archers to shoot arrows at him and so arrows rained at him from everywhere and Imam's (a) body became full of arrows.<ref> Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112; Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 35.</ref> So, Imam (a) retreated and they lined in front of him.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 111-112.</ref> | ||
According to some sources, wounds and fatigue from battle had seriously weaken Imam (a). Thus, he (a) rested a while, but suddenly a stone hit his forehead and blood ran down. When he (a) wanted to clean the blood off his face with his shirt, a triple-pointed poisonous arrow | According to some sources, wounds and fatigue from battle had seriously weaken Imam (a). Thus, he (a) rested a while, but suddenly a stone hit his forehead and blood ran down. When he (a) wanted to clean the blood off his face with his shirt, a triple-pointed poisonous arrow shot him and hit his heart.<ref>Khwarizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 34; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf'', p. 120.</ref> | ||
According to some sources, a man called [[Malik b. Nusayr]] landed such a blow at Imam's (a) head that the rope of Imam's (a) helmet was torn up.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 75; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110.</ref> Another person called [[Zar'a b. Sharik al-Tamimi]] stroke a heavy blow at Imam's (a) left shoulder and [[Sinan b. Anas]] shot an arrow at Imam's (a) throat. Then, [[Salih b. Wahb al-Ju'fi]] (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas) came forth and stroke Imam's (a) side with a spear so hard that Imam (a) fell from the horse on his right cheek.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-409; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 258; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112.</ref> | According to some sources, a man called [[Malik b. Nusayr]] landed such a blow at Imam's (a) head that the rope of Imam's (a) helmet was torn up.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 448; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmīl fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 75; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 110.</ref> Another person called [[Zar'a b. Sharik al-Tamimi]] stroke a heavy blow at Imam's (a) left shoulder and [[Sinan b. Anas]] shot an arrow at Imam's (a) throat. Then, [[Salih b. Wahb al-Ju'fi]] (or according to another narration, Sinan b. Anas) came forth and stroke Imam's (a) side with a spear so hard that Imam (a) fell from the horse on his right cheek.<ref>Balādhurī, ''ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 407-409; Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 258; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 112.</ref> | ||