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Demolition of al-Baqi': Difference between revisions
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== History of Demolition == | == History of Demolition == | ||
[[File:بقیع قبل از تخریب.jpg|thumbnail|Baqi' before | [[File:بقیع قبل از تخریب.jpg|thumbnail|The dome of [[Imams of al-Baqi']] before being demolished by [[Wahhabism|Wahhabis]].]] | ||
* According to historical reports, choosing [[Baqi']] as the cemetery of Muslims was a decision of [[the Prophet (s)]] in the first year after Hijra. Since then, the Prophet's (s) [[Sahaba|companion]]s and many Muslims were buried in this cemetery and in the next years and centuries, gradually upon some of the graves such as the graves of [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abbas]] the uncle of the Prophet (s) and the four [[infallible Imams (a)]], domes and mausoleums were built. | * According to historical reports, choosing [[Baqi']] as the cemetery of Muslims was a decision of [[the Prophet (s)]] in the first year after Hijra. Since then, the Prophet's (s) [[Sahaba|companion]]s and many Muslims were buried in this cemetery and in the next years and centuries, gradually upon some of the graves such as the graves of [['Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib|Abbas]] the uncle of the Prophet (s) and the four [[infallible Imams (a)]], domes and mausoleums were built. | ||
* Religious and historical places of this cemetery were always important to Muslims around the world and at the time of [[hajj]], pilgrims of hajj often go to [[Medina]] and visited this cemetery and the graves and shrines there. | * Religious and historical places of this cemetery were always important to Muslims around the world and at the time of [[hajj]], pilgrims of hajj often go to [[Medina]] and visited this cemetery and the graves and shrines there. | ||
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* Apparently Wahhabis are the first group in history who destroy graves and tombs having religious excuse. In other cases, other people tried to destroy such tombs with the excuse of existence of books criticizing [[caliph]]s in Baqi' cemetery but they were not successful. In addition to demolition of the graves in Ta'if, Jedda, [[Karbala]], elsewhere, Wahhabis focused their efforts on demolition of shrines and domes of religious sites in [[Mecca]] and Medina. | * Apparently Wahhabis are the first group in history who destroy graves and tombs having religious excuse. In other cases, other people tried to destroy such tombs with the excuse of existence of books criticizing [[caliph]]s in Baqi' cemetery but they were not successful. In addition to demolition of the graves in Ta'if, Jedda, [[Karbala]], elsewhere, Wahhabis focused their efforts on demolition of shrines and domes of religious sites in [[Mecca]] and Medina. | ||
* The shrine of the four Imams (a) and the dome of [[Lady Fatima (a)]] known as [[Bayt al-Ahzan]] were either destroyed or seriously damaged in the first attack of Wahhabis in the same year. According to Abd al-Rahman Jabarti, after a year and a half of besieging Medina and causing starvation, Wahhabi forces entered the city and destroyed all the graves and tombs except the shrine of [[the Prophet (s)]]. | * The shrine of the four Imams (a) and the dome of [[Lady Fatima (a)]] known as [[Bayt al-Ahzan]] were either destroyed or seriously damaged in the first attack of Wahhabis in the same year. According to Abd al-Rahman Jabarti, after a year and a half of besieging Medina and causing starvation, Wahhabi forces entered the city and destroyed all the graves and tombs except the shrine of [[the Prophet (s)]]. | ||
* Ottoman empire sent an army and took back Medina in [[Dhu l-Hijjah]] 1227/1812. Some shrines were reconstructed in 1234/1818-1819 by the order of Sultan Mahmud II (ruling from 1223/1808-1809 to 1255/1839-1840), as some reports suggest the existence of shrines after those years. Among some people who have reported the existence of the shrines of Imams (a) is Hisam al-Saltana, son of [[Abbas Mirza]] Qajar, Na'ib al-Saltanah who went to Medina in 1297/1880 and visited those shrines and Bayt al-Ahzan. He mentioned more than 10 buildings and shrines in Baqi' cemetery. There has been a Mihrab in the shrine of the four Imams (a) and on its left side, there has been a green wooden Darih on the graves of Imams (a). Bayt al-Ahzan of Lady Fatima (a) has been behind the shrine of Imams (a). There are some reports of the buildings in [[Baqi' | * Ottoman empire sent an army and took back Medina in [[Dhu l-Hijjah]] 1227/1812. Some shrines were reconstructed in 1234/1818-1819 by the order of Sultan Mahmud II (ruling from 1223/1808-1809 to 1255/1839-1840), as some reports suggest the existence of shrines after those years. Among some people who have reported the existence of the shrines of Imams (a) is Hisam al-Saltana, son of [[Abbas Mirza]] Qajar, Na'ib al-Saltanah who went to Medina in 1297/1880 and visited those shrines and Bayt al-Ahzan. He mentioned more than 10 buildings and shrines in Baqi' cemetery. There has been a Mihrab in the shrine of the four Imams (a) and on its left side, there has been a green wooden Darih on the graves of Imams (a). Bayt al-Ahzan of Lady Fatima (a) has been behind the shrine of Imams (a). There are some reports of the buildings in [[Baqi' cemetery]] in the travel report of Haj Ayazkhan Qashqa'i in 1341/1922-1923, about two years before demolition of Baqi'. According to him, the four Imams of [[Shi'a]] were in one shrine but their graves were separate. Ayazkhan also mentioned the existence of the tombs of Ibrahim, son of the Prophet (s), [[Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar]], Safiyya, the Prophet's (s) aunt, 'Atika, Safiyya's sister, [[Umm al-Banin]], mother of [[Abbas]] and some others from [[Banu Hashim]] located in an alley near Baqi'. Apparently, he was among the last Iranian pilgrims who visited Bayt al-Ahzan in Baqi'. | ||
* In the second attack of Wahhabis in [[1344]]/1926, all historical sites in this cemetery were destroyed following the fatwa of Shaykh Abd Allah Bulayhad, the chief judge of Saudis claiming that visiting graves is a sign of polytheism and illegitimate innovation. | * In the second attack of Wahhabis in [[1344]]/1926, all historical sites in this cemetery were destroyed following the fatwa of Shaykh Abd Allah Bulayhad, the chief judge of Saudis claiming that visiting graves is a sign of polytheism and illegitimate innovation. | ||
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Baqi' cemetery]] | * [[Al-Baqi'|Baqi' cemetery]] | ||
* [[Yawm al-Hadm]] | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/تخریب_بقیع تخریب بقیع] in Farsi Wikishia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/تخریب_بقیع تخریب بقیع] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||