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Fatima bt. al-Imam al-Husayn (a): Difference between revisions
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'''Fāṭima bt. al-Ḥusayn''' (Arabic: {{ | '''Fāṭima bt. al-Ḥusayn''' (Arabic: {{ia|فاطمة بنت الحسین}}), was the eldest daughter of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and her mother was [[Umm Ishaq]]. She was present in [[Karbala]], and, according to a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], Imam al-Husayn (a) gave her the [[trusts of Imamate]] and his written will for safekeeping, and she later delivered them to [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]]. | ||
==Lineage== | ==Lineage and Birth== | ||
Her father was [[Imam al-Husayn b. | Her father was [[Imam al-Husayn b. Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and her mother was [[Umm Ishaq]], the daughter of [[Talha b. Ubayd Allah]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 491; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 329; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 214.</ref> | ||
Her exact date of birth is not known, but because her mother was first, married to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and then, after his martyrdom, married Imam al-Husayn (a), her birth must have been after the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), probably around [[51]]/671.<ref>Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 351.</ref> | |||
Her exact date of birth is not known, but because her mother was first married to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and then, after his martyrdom, married | |||
It is reported that her face was very similar to that of her grandmother, [[Lady Fatima (a)]], the daughter of the [[Prophet (s)]]. | It is reported that her face was very similar to that of her grandmother, [[Lady Fatima (a)]], the daughter of the [[Prophet (s)]]. | ||
{{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | |||
==Marriage with al-Hasan al-Muthanna== | ==Marriage with al-Hasan al-Muthanna== | ||
Before the [[Tragedy of Karbala]], Fatima married her cousin [[al-Hasan al-Muthanna]], the son of Imam al-Hasan (a). It is reported that after her husband passed away, she | Before the [[Tragedy of Karbala]], Fatima married her cousin [[al-Hasan al-Muthanna]], the son of Imam al-Hasan (a).<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 473; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Damascus'', vol. 70, p. 17; Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 213.</ref> It is reported that after her husband passed away, she mourned on his grave for one year, fasting during the day and praying at night.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 26; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Damascus'', vol. 70, p. 19</ref> According to a [[hadith]] in ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', Fatima built a mausoleum over the grave of her husband.<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 1, p. 446.</ref> | ||
==Presence in Karbala and Captivity== | ==Presence in Karbala and Captivity== | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
Fatima was present in | Fatima was present in Karbala together with her husband,<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 25, 121.</ref> who was one of the injured in that incident. Together with the other members of Imam al-Husayn's (a) family, Fatima was taken to [[Kufa]] and then to [[Damascus]] as a captive.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 491; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 86.</ref> She is the narrator for some of tragic incidents in Karbala and afterwards.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 121; Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 164.</ref> There was an exchange of words between her and [[Yazid]] at the latter's court.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 464.</ref> [[Ahmad b. Ali al-Tabrisi]] has recorded her debates with the people of Kufa.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''al-Iḥtijāj'', vol. 2, p. 272.</ref> | ||
==Marriage with | ==Marriage with Abd Allah b. Amr== | ||
After [[al-Hasan al-Muthanna]] passed away, Fatima married with | After [[al-Hasan al-Muthanna]] passed away, Fatima married with [[Abd Allah b. Amr b. Uthman b. Affan]].<ref>Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 35, p. 256; Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 167.</ref> When Abd Allah passed away, [[Abd al-Rahman b. Dahhak]], the governor of [[Medina]], proposed to her, but she refused.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 8, p. 474.</ref> | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
According to Sibt b. al-Jawzi, her demise was around [[117]]/735. Without mentioning her exact date of demise, Ibn Hibban has mentioned that she passed away at the age of 90. Ibn 'Asakir reports that her demise occurred during the reign of [[Hisham b. | According to Sibt b. al-Jawzi, her demise was around [[117]]/735.<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ'', p. 251.</ref> Without mentioning her exact date of demise, Ibn Hibban has mentioned that she passed away at the age of 90.<ref>Ibn Ḥibbān, ''Ṣaḥīḥ'', vol. 5, p. 301.</ref> Ibn Asakir reports that her demise occurred during the reign of [[Hisham b. Abd al-Malik]].<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Damascus'', vol. 70, p. 17.</ref> She passed away in [[Medina]]. | ||
==Children== | ==Children== | ||
She had four children from al-Hasan al-Muthanna: | She had four children from al-Hasan al-Muthanna: Abd Allah, Ibrahim, al-Hasan, and Zaynab.<ref>Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 35, p. 256.</ref> | ||
Her children from her second husband | Her children from her second husband Abd Allah b. Amr were Muhammad al-Dibaj, Qasim, and Ruqayya.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 199; Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 35, p. 256.</ref> Most of her descendants were killed or imprisoned because of their opposition to [[Abbasid]] caliphate.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 7, p. 536.</ref> | ||
==characteristics== | |||
===Custodian of the Trusts of Imamate=== | |||
According to a hadith from [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], before his martyrdom, Imam al-Husayn (a) gave the trusts of Imamate to Fatima for safekeeping.<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 303.</ref> | |||
== | ===Narration of Hadith=== | ||
Fatima was one of the [[Tabi'un]] and transmitters of hadith. She Transmitted hadith from her figures including her father [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], her grandmother [[Lady Fatima (a)]], her aunt [[Lady Zaynab (a)]], his brother [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], [[Asma' bt. Umays]], [[Abd Allah b. Abbas]], [[Bilal]], and [[Aisha]].<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Damascus'', vol. 70, p. 10; Mizzī, ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl'', vol. 35, p. 254-255.</ref> | |||
Fatima has been regarded as a trustworthy transmitter from the fourth level of transmitters.<ref>ʿAsqalānī, ''Taqrīb al-madhāhib'', vol. 2, p. 657.</ref> | |||
== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* | {{ref}} | ||
*Abū l-Faraj al-Isfahānī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn. ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn''. Edited by Kāẓim al-Muẓaffar. Najaf: al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydarīyya, 1385 AH. | |||
*Bukhārī, ''Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr, 1410 AH. | |||
*Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan. ''Tārīkh madīnat Damascus''. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH. | |||
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1965. | |||
*Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taqrīb al-tahdhīb'', Damascus: Dār al-Rashīd, 1412 AH. | |||
*Ibn Ḥibbān, ''Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Ḥibbān'', Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Risāla, 1414 AH. | |||
*Ibn Qutayba, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muslim. ''Al-Maʿārif''. Edited by Muḥammad Ismāʿīl ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṣāwī. Beirut: [n.p], 1390 AH. | |||
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Beirut: Dār Beirut: 1405 AH. | |||
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH. | |||
*Mizzī, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-. ''Tahdhīb al-kamāl fī asmāʿ al-rijāl''. Edited by Bashshār ʿAwwād al-Maʿrūf. Beirut: [n.p], 1405 AH. | |||
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā l-ʿibād''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH. | |||
*Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad. ''Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn''. Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1380 Sh. | |||
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Tehran: Nashr-i Kitābchī, 1376 Sh. | |||
*Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī, Yūsuf. ''Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ''. Qom: Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, 1418 AH. | |||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | |||
*Ṭabrisī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''. Edited by Ibrāhīm Bahādurī. Qom: Nashr-i Uswa, 1416 AH. | |||
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