Captives of Karbala: Difference between revisions

  | references =p

* '''Men:''' [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]], [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]], Umar b. al-Husayn b. Ali (a). Muhammad b. al-Husayn b. Ali, Zayd b. al-Hasan b. Ali (a),<ref>Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ‘’Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn’’, vol. 3, p. 198-199.</ref> Muhammad b. 'Amr b. al-Hasan b. Ali (a), two sons of [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib]], 'Abd Allah b. 'Abbas b. Ali (a), Qasim b. 'Abd Allah b. Ja'far, Qasim b. Muhammad b. Ja'far, Muhammad al-Asghar b. 'Aqil, 'Uqbat b. Sam'an ([[Rabab]]'s servant), servant of 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abd Rabbih al-Ansari, Muslim b. Ribah (servant of Imam Ali (a)), and 'Ali b. 'Uthman al-Maghribi.

* '''Women:''' Imam Ali's daughters:<ref>Ibn Shaddād, ‘’al-Aʿlāq al-khaṭīra’’, p. 48-50.</ref> [[Lady Zaynab]], [[Fatima bt. 'Ali|Fatima]], [[Umm Kulthum]] (or Nafisa or Zaynab al-Sughra), Umm al-Hasan, Khadija the wife of Abd al-Rahman b. Aqil, Umm Hani the wife of Abd Allah al-Akbar b. Aqil. Daughters of Imam al-Husayn (a): [[Sukayna]], [[Fatima bt. al-Husayn|Fatima]], [[Ruqayya]], and [[Zaynab bt. al-Husayn|Zaynab]]. [[Rabab]] (Imam al-Husayn's wife),<ref>Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, ‘’Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn (a)’’, vol. 1, p. 283.</ref> Umm Muhammad (Fatima the daughter of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] the Imam al-Sajjad's wife and Imam al-Baqir's mother), and Fakiha the mother of Qarib b. 'Abd Allah b. Urayqit.

After the [[martyrdom]] of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] passed the night after [[Ashura']] in [[Karbala]]. In the afternoon of [[Muharram 11|11th of Muharram]], after that [['Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army buried all the dead bodies of the army, they gathered Ahl al-Bayt (a) and the survivors from Imam's companions and took them to [[Kufa]].

He adds, "She made the friend and enemy cry."

The enemy army mounted the captives on bareback camels and horses. When they entered [[Kufa]], people came out to see them; women of Kufa were crying for them. Khidhlam b. Sitir says, "Amongst them I saw [[Ali b. al-Husayn (a)]] tied in chains and his hands were tied to his neck."

There is no explicit report about the exact date of their arrival to Kufa in early sources. However, according to a sentence of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], they entered Kufa on [[Muharram 12]].

The captives were taken to the palace of [['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] in [[Kufa]]. Harsh conversation between [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] and 'Ubayd Allah have been reported. It is also reported that 'Ubayd Allah ordered his soldiers to kill [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]]; but by intercession of Lady Zaynab (a) and the harsh words of Imam al-Sajjad (a), he avoided killing him.

* '''Maqam Ra's al-Husayn (shrine of the head of al-Husayn) in [[Mosul]]''': according to Hirawi, this Maqam was there to the 7th/13th century.

* '''Masjid [[Imam Zayn al-'Abidin (a)]] and Maqam Ra's al-Husayn (shrine of the head of al-Husayn) in Nusaybin''': Currently, Nusaybin is a city in Turkey. It is said that the Imam al-Husayn's head was put there and his blood has dripped there. Hirawi have registered this shrine as Mashhad al-Nuqta.

* '''Maqam al-Turh''': Turh means a premature baby. Probably, there was a pregnant woman among the captives whose baby was born prematurely.

* '''Maqam al-Hajar''': The head of Imam was put there.

* '''Maqam of the mountain of Jawshan''': This mountain is located in [[Aleppo]] (Halab). It is said that its name was taken from the name of [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]]. According to some historians a monk who lived there borrowed the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) from the army for one night. It is also known as Mashhad al-Siqt, as the grave of [[Muhsin b. al-Husayn]] is located there.

* '''Maqam al-Humat''': This Maqam is placed inside Aleppo. [[Ibn Shahr Ashub]] has mentioned this place.

* '''Maqam Homs''': Likewise, Ibn Shahr Ashub has mentioned this place.

* '''Maqam Baalbek''': There is a mosque in this city, which is said that it was Maqam Ra's al-Husayn in the past.

* '''Maqam Ra's al-Husayn (shrine of the head of al-Husayn) and Maqam al-Imam Zayn al-'Abidin (a) in [[Damascus]]''': These two Maqams are located next to [[Umayyad Mosque]]. Ibn 'Asakir has mentioned Maqam Ra's al-Husayn and other sources reported that Maqam al-Imam Zayn al-'Abidin (a) is near that.

[['Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] sent a group of soldiers along with the captives to [[Damascus]]. Famous people such as [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] and Tariq b. Muhaffiz b. Tha'laba were among them. Some reports also added that Zahr b. Qays accompanied them.

According to Ibn A'tham and al-Khwarazmi, the soldiers and agents of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad mounted the captives on uncovered howdahs and moved them from city to city, and treated them like infidel captives.

[[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] has been quoted: "They mounted me on a crippled skinny camel with a wooden howdah that did not have any mat in it, while the head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] was at the top of a spear and the women were behind me and the spears were around us. If any of us shed a drop of tear, they would hit him on the head by the spears; until we arrived to Damascus. When we entered Damascus, I heard someone shouting: O people of Damascus! These are the captives of a cursed household!"

* '''Decorating the city''': [[Yazid]] gave his orders to decorate the city before the arrival of the captives. [[Sahl b. Sa'd al-Sa'idi]] is one of the narrators who reported that the city was decorated and people were happy when the captives entered the city.

* '''The day of arrival''': according to historical reports, on [[Safar 1]] the captives and the heads of [[martyrs of Karbala]] entered [[Damascus]] from Bab Tuma or Bab al-Sa'at. They were taken to [[Umayyad Mosque]] and were kept on a raised platform there.

* '''Report to Yazid''': After that soldiers circled the captives in Damascus, they went to Yazid's court. [[Zahr b. Qays]], in behalf of all the soldiers, reported what had happened in Karbala to Yazid.

* '''Arrival of captives to Yazid's court''': After the report, Yazid ordered to decorate his palace and invited the elites of Damascus, then ordered to bring the captives into his palace. Reports denote that they brought the captives into the palace while they were tied to each other by ropes. At this moment, [[Fatima bt. al-Husayn (a)]] said, "O Yazid! Do the granddaughters of the Prophet (s) deserve to be captives?" The people and the household of Yazid cried by her saying.

* '''Yazid and the head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]]''': In the presence of the captives, Yazid had put the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) in a gold tub and was hitting it with his staff. When [[Sukayna]] and [[Fatima bt. al-Husayn|Fatima]], the daughters of Imam al-Husayn (a), saw that; they shouted crying in a way that the wives of Yazid and daughters of [[Mu'awiya]] cried along. It is narrated form [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] that Yazid put the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) in a tub and put his food table on it and started eating and drinking beer at that table with his companions. Then they put the table of Chess on that tub and started playing it. Whenever he won, he drank a glass of beer and poured the rest of it on the ground near the tub in which was the head of Imam al-Husayn (a).

* '''Objections''': Some people who were present there opposed to Yazid's behaviors, including Yahya b. al-Hakam, [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]]'s brother, whom Yazid punched on the chest, and [[Abu Barza al-Aslami]], whom Yazid ordered to be taken out of the palace.

* '''Delivering sermons''': After that [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] and [[Lady Zaynab (a)]] saw that the people of [[Damascus]] do not know anything about the real [[Islam]] and the high status of [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], they delivered sermons to inform people about the tyranny of [[Umayyad dynasty]] and enlighten them about the truth.

* '''Residence''': According to historical and narrative sources, Ahl al-Bayt (a) resided in two locations in Damascus. First: a roofless [[ruins of Sham|ruins]], in which the story of lady [[Ruqayya]] took place. The captives were there for two days; however after the sermons of Imam al-Sajjad (a) and Lady Zaynab (a) the public opinion changed about Ahl al-Bayt (a) and Yazid had to move them to a house near his palace.

* '''Duration''': Most of historians said that captives stayed in Damascus for three days; however 'Imad al-Din al-Tabari said that they stayed there for 7 days. In another account, [[Sayyid b. Tawus]] said that they stayed for a month; nonetheless, he pointed that this report is not reliable.

The exact date of the departure of captives from [[Damascus]] is unknown. There are disagreement between scholars whether the captives passed by [[Karbala]] on their way back to [[Medina]] or not. [[Sayyid Muhammad Ali Qadi Tabataba'i]] in his book ''Tahqiq darbari-yi awwalin arba'in-i Sayyid al-Shuhada' (a)'' (study about the first Arba'in of [[Sayyid al-Shuhada']] (a)) tried to prove this; however, [[Muhaddith al-Nuri]] and [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]] do not accept this.

Bashir informed the people that Imam al-Sajjad (a) and [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] has camped outside the city. By hearing the news, women of Medina came out from their houses crying, weeping and shouting. No day people were seen crying like that day; it was the saddest day for Muslims after the demise of the [[Prophet (s)]].

* The material of this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/اسیران_کربلا {{ia|اسیران کربلا}}] in WikiShia Farsi.