Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani: Difference between revisions

| image  =

| image_size =

| caption    =

The Fayd family was a well-known Shiite family of scholars. His father, [[Radi al-Din Shah Murtada]] (950-1009 A.H./ 1543-1600) and his mother, Zahra Khatun (d. 1071 A.H./ 1660) was the daughter of [[Diya' al-'Urafa al-Razi]]. Fayd's grandfather, Taj al-Din Shah Mahmud the son of Mulla 'Ali al-Kashani, is buried in Kashan.

Fayd's name was Muhamamd, but he was known as Muhsin or Muhammad Muhsin. He married [[Mulla Sadra]]'s daughter. Mulla Sadra gave him the title, Fayd, and gave his other son in law, [[Abd al-Razzaq al-Lahiji]], the title, Fayyad.

His wife was Mulla Sadra's daughter. And their children are as follows:

 

* 'Illiya Banu (known as Umm al-Khayr)

Fayd started his educations in Kashan, and when he was 20 years old, he went to Isfahan to continue his studies. After then, he studied with [[Sayyid Majid al-Bahrani]] in [[Shiraz]] for two years. Once again he went to Isfahan and attended the lectures of [[al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]]. In his [[hajj]] travel, he received a permission of hadith from Shaykh Muhammad, [[al-Shahid al-Thani]]'s grandson. And then he studied in [[Qom]] with [[Mulla Sadra]], and accompanied him when he returned to Shiraz and stayed there for two years. Although Khwansari and others believe that Fayd studied with Mulla Sadra in his first travel to Shiraz, this is not compatible with what Fayd himself wrote. Finally, Fayd returned to Kashan where he started teaching and writing. [[Faydiyya School]] is said to be called so because Fayd resided there for a while.

Many scholars, such as [[Afandi]], [[al-Hurr al-'Amili]], [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]], [[Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qumi]], [['Allama Amini]] and others have admired him with words such as philosopher, sage, theologian, [[muhaddith]] (scholar of hadith), [[faqih]], poet, man of literature, scholar, and knowledgeable.

* [[Muhammad Taqi Majlisi]]

 

Some sources have also mentioned [[Mulla Khalil al-Qazwini]], [[Muhammad Tahir al-Qumi]], [[Mulla Salih al-Mazandarani]] and his father as his teachers.

* Mulla Shah Fadl Allah and Mulla 'Allami—Fayd's nephews

* [[Shams al-Din Muhammad al-Qumi]]

 

 

* ''Al-Ma'arif'' (a summary of his 'Ilm al-yaqin)

* ''Al-Li'ali''

 

Khwansari as well as [[Shaykh Yusuf al-Bahrani]] considered Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd as an [[Akhbari]] scholar. Fayd's writings reinforce the claim. However, on many issues he had independent views; here are some of his particular views:

* Permissibility of singing and playing music: Fayd appeals to some hadiths to show that singing is only prohibited when it is accompanied by some prohibited actions, such as gambling, relations between men and women, and wrong words. Otherwise, it is not prohibited in itself.