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Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani: Difference between revisions
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| Scholarly activities = | | Scholarly activities = | ||
| Socio-political activities= Leading [[Friday | | Socio-political activities= Leading [[Friday Prayer]] | ||
| Signature= | | Signature= | ||
| Official website= | | Official website= | ||
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'''Mullā Muḥammad b. Murtaḍā b. Maḥmūd al-Kāshānī''' (Arabic:الملا محمد بن مرتضى بن محمود الكاشاني) , known as '''Mullā Muḥsin''' (Arabic: | '''Mullā Muḥammad b. Murtaḍā b. Maḥmūd al-Kāshānī''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|الملا محمد بن مرتضى بن محمود الكاشاني}}) , known as '''Mullā Muḥsin''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|مُلّامُحسِن}}) and '''al-Fayḍ al-Kāshānī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|الفیض الکاشانی}}), was a [[Shiite]] [[philosopher]], scholar of [[hadith]], [[Quranic exegete]], and an [[Akhbari]] scholar of [[fiqh]] in the 11th/17th century. He studied with prominent scholars such as [[Mulla Sadra]], [[al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]], [[Mir Findiriski]], and [[Mir Damad]]. | ||
Fayd wrote about various issues; his most significant work includes ''[[Tafsir al-safi]]'', ''[[al-Wafi]]'', ''[[Mafatih al-shara'i']]'', ''[[al-Mahajjat al-bayda']]'', and ''[[al-Kalimat al-maknuna]]'', which respectively concern the Quranic exegesis, hadith, fiqh, ethics, and mysticism. | Fayd wrote about various issues; his most significant work includes ''[[Tafsir al-safi]]'', ''[[al-Wafi]]'', ''[[Mafatih al-shara'i']]'', ''[[al-Mahajjat al-bayda']]'', and ''[[al-Kalimat al-maknuna]]'', which respectively concern the Quranic exegesis, hadith, fiqh, ethics, and mysticism. | ||
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One of his social and political activities was the holding of Friday Prayer in [[Kashan]] and [[Isfahan]]. | One of his social and political activities was the holding of Friday Prayer in [[Kashan]] and [[Isfahan]]. | ||
==Lineage, | ==Lineage, Title, Birth, and Death== | ||
The Fayd family was a well-known Shiite family of scholars. His father, Radi al-Din Shah Murtada (950-1009 A.H./ 1543-1600) and his mother, Zahra Khatun (d. 1071 A.H./ 1660) was the daughter of Diya' al-'Urafa al-Razi. Fayd's grandfather, Taj al-Din Shah Mahmud the son of Mulla 'Ali al-Kashani, is buried in [[Kashan]]. | The Fayd family was a well-known Shiite family of scholars. His father, Radi al-Din Shah Murtada (950-1009 A.H./ 1543-1600) and his mother, Zahra Khatun (d. 1071 A.H./ 1660) was the daughter of Diya' al-'Urafa al-Razi. Fayd's grandfather, Taj al-Din Shah Mahmud the son of Mulla 'Ali al-Kashani, is buried in [[Kashan]]. | ||
===Title=== | ===Title=== | ||
Fayd's name was Muhammad, but he was known as Muhsin or Muhammad Muhsin. He married [[Mulla Sadra]]'s daughter. Mulla Sadra gave him the title, Fayd, and gave his other son in law, [[Abd al-Razzaq al-Lahiji]], the title, Fayyad. | Fayd's name was Muhammad, but he was known as Muhsin or Muhammad Muhsin. He married [[Mulla Sadra]]'s daughter. Mulla Sadra gave him the title, Fayd, and gave his other son in law, [['Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji|'Abd al-Razzaq al-Lahiji]], the title, Fayyad. | ||
===Birth and | ===Birth and Death=== | ||
Fayd was born in [[Safar]], 14, [[1007]] A.H. (September 16, 1598) in [[Kashan]]. And he died there in [[1091]] A.H. (1680-1681). He was buried in the cemetery that he had endowed when he was alive. A conference was held in Kashan in the honor of Fayd al-Kashani in [[Aban]], 1387 Sh. (October, 2008). | Fayd was born in [[Safar]], 14, [[1007]] A.H. (September 16, 1598) in [[Kashan]]. And he died there in [[1091]] A.H. (1680-1681). He was buried in the cemetery that he had endowed when he was alive. A conference was held in Kashan in the honor of Fayd al-Kashani in [[Aban]], 1387 Sh. (October, 2008). | ||
===Wife and | ===Wife and Children=== | ||
His wife was [[Mulla Sadra]]'s daughter. And their children are as follows: | His wife was [[Mulla Sadra]]'s daughter. And their children are as follows: | ||
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Many scholars, such as [[Afandi]], [[al-Hurr al-'Amili]], [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]], [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]], [['Allama Amini]] and others have admired him with words such as philosopher, sage, theologian, [[muhaddith]] (scholar of hadith), [[faqih]], poet, man of literature, scholar, and knowledgeable. | Many scholars, such as [[Afandi]], [[al-Hurr al-'Amili]], [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]], [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]], [['Allama Amini]] and others have admired him with words such as philosopher, sage, theologian, [[muhaddith]] (scholar of hadith), [[faqih]], poet, man of literature, scholar, and knowledgeable. | ||
==The | ==The Requests of Safavid Kings== | ||
Although [[Shah Safi]]—the [[Safavid]] king—asked him to his palace, Fayd refused the invitation. After that, [[Shah Abbas II]] asked Fayd to hold [[Friday | Although [[Shah Safi]]—the [[Safavid]] king—asked him to his palace, Fayd refused the invitation. After that, [[Shah Abbas II]] asked Fayd to hold [[Friday Prayer]] in the capital city of Iran then (Isfahan). Fayd personally preferred to keep his privacy, but after consultations with his friends and companions, he accepted the request. | ||
==Teachers== | ==Teachers== | ||
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* [[Shaykh Muhammad Muhsin al-'Irfan al-Shirazi]] | * [[Shaykh Muhammad Muhsin al-'Irfan al-Shirazi]] | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
== | ==Works== | ||
Fayd was a prolific author. In his catalogue, he mentioned 100 works of his own. Sayyid Ni'mat Allah al-Jaza'iri said that Fayd wrote about 200 books and essays. Other sources report up to 140 works by Fayd. Here are some of his work: | Fayd was a prolific author. In his catalogue, he mentioned 100 works of his own. Sayyid Ni'mat Allah al-Jaza'iri said that Fayd wrote about 200 books and essays. Other sources report up to 140 works by Fayd. Here are some of his work: | ||
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[[Noor Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences]] in [[Qom]] has published an electronic version of Fayd's work as 'Allama Fayd al-Kashani's collection of work. | [[Noor Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences]] in [[Qom]] has published an electronic version of Fayd's work as 'Allama Fayd al-Kashani's collection of work. | ||
==Particular | ==Particular Views== | ||
[[Muhammad Baqir Khwansari|Khwansari]] as well as [[Shaykh Yusuf al-Bahrani]] considered Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd as an [[Akhbari]] scholar. Fayd's writings reinforce the claim. However, on many issues he had independent views; here are some of his particular views: | [[Muhammad Baqir Khwansari|Khwansari]] as well as [[Shaykh Yusuf al-Bahrani]] considered Mulla Muhsin al-Fayd as an [[Akhbari]] scholar. Fayd's writings reinforce the claim. However, on many issues he had independent views; here are some of his particular views: | ||
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* Every [[ghusl]] (ritual bath) is sufficient for [[wudu]]. | * Every [[ghusl]] (ritual bath) is sufficient for [[wudu]]. | ||
* [[Friday Prayer]] is an individual obligation (al-wajib al-'ayni) for every Muslim. Fayd held Friday | * [[Friday Prayer]] is an individual obligation (al-wajib al-'ayni) for every Muslim. Fayd held Friday Prayer in [[Kashan]] and [[Qamsar]]. He did not accept [[Shah Safi]]'s request to hold Friday Prayer in [[Isfahan]], but he accepted [[Shah Abbas II]]'s request to hold such prayers in the Atiq Mosque of Isfahan. | ||
==Further | ==Further Reading== | ||
''Fayd pazhuhi; majmu'i maqalati dar barrasi-yi ara' wa ahwal-i Fayd Kashani'' (Fayd Kashani; a collection of papers on the life of Fayd Kashani). | ''Fayd pazhuhi; majmu'i maqalati dar barrasi-yi ara' wa ahwal-i Fayd Kashani'' (Fayd Kashani; a collection of papers on the life of Fayd Kashani). | ||