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Kadhimiya: Difference between revisions
Transliteration, dates, links, category, image
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[[File:تصویر ماهواره ای از کاظمین.jpg|thumbnail|Satellite image of Kadhimiyya and the shrine of Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a)]] | [[File:تصویر ماهواره ای از کاظمین.jpg|thumbnail|Satellite image of Kadhimiyya and the shrine of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] and [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]].]] | ||
'''Al- | '''Al-Kādhimiya''' (Arabic:الکاظمیه) is among important religious cities of [[Iraq]] where the shrines of two [[infallible]] Imams (a), [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] and [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] are located. This city is of great significance to [[Shi'a]] after the religious cities of [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]]. | ||
Al-Kadhimiya is located on the west of Tigris River on the north-west of [[Baghdad]]. Some Shi'a scholars such as [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] and [[Khwajih Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]] are buried in this city. | Al-Kadhimiya is located on the west of Tigris River on the north-west of [[Baghdad]]. Some Shi'a scholars such as [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] and [[Khwajih Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]] are buried in this city. | ||
== Naming Reason == | == Naming Reason == | ||
The reason for naming “Kazimayn” is because of the shrines of Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a). Other names of this city are “al-Kadhimiya”, | The reason for naming “Kazimayn” is because of the shrines of Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a). Other names of this city are “al-Kadhimiya”, “Balad al-Kazimi” and “al-Mashhad al-Kazimi”. | ||
== Geographical Location and Climate == | == Geographical Location and Climate == | ||
Al-Kadhimiya is located near Baghdad, but now attached due to urban expansion. It is located on the west of Tigris River and thus has a moderate climate. Raining in most times of the year is like spring shower. Therefore, at the time of | Al-Kadhimiya is located near [[Baghdad]], but now attached to it due to urban expansion. It is located on the west of Tigris River and thus has a moderate climate. Raining in most times of the year is like spring shower. Therefore, at the time of [[Abbasid]]s, Baghdad and other breadbasket areas around it were decided as the capital and resort for Abbasid rulers. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Due to especial geographical location, al-Kadhimiya has been considered important and its history is thought to date back before Jesus Christ. At the time of | [[File:The Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn.jpg|270px|thumbnail|right|An old picture of the Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn (a) taken by British Air Force in 1917 during World War I.]] | ||
Due to especial geographical location, al-Kadhimiya has been considered important and its history is thought to date back before Jesus Christ. At the time of Sassanids, this region has been a garden of an Iranian King called Tasuj and has been called so. In the [[Battle of Nahrawan]] in 37/657 following the order of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[martyr]]s of the war were buried here and it was called “Maqbarat al-Shuhadā”. At the time of Abbasids, when expanding and reviving Baghdad and choosing it as the capital, this cemetery was called “Shunizi”, and Caliph [[Mansur Dawaniqi]] chose it for burying Abbasid elders and families and thereafter was called “Maqabir Quraysh”. | |||
Later, by the order Harun al-Rashid, Imam al-Kazim (a) was martyred by Sindi b. Shahak and the body of Imam (a) was buried in “Quraysh Cemetery”. After burying Imam (a), his grave was called as Mashhad Bab al-Taban”. In 220 | Later, by the order [[Harun al-Rashid]], [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] was martyred by Sindi b. Shahak and the body of Imam (a) was buried in “Quraysh Cemetery”. After burying Imam (a), his grave was called as Mashhad Bab al-Taban”. In 220/835, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] was buried beside the grave of Imam al-Kazim (a). | ||
== Destruction and Reconstructions == | == Destruction and Reconstructions == | ||
This city has been destroyed and burned due to flood, earthquake, civil and religious wars and several times was reconstructed. | This city has been destroyed and burned due to flood, earthquake, civil and religious wars and several times was reconstructed. [[Buyid]]s were among Shi'a rulers of Baghdad who cared about reconstruction of the cities and graves of Imams (a). [['Ala al-Din al-Juwayni]], a ruler of Baghdad was among those who reconstructed the city and graves of Imams (a) after invasion of Hulagu Khan in 651/1253-1254 to Baghdad and its destruction. | ||
== Important Cites in al-Kadhimiya == | == Important Cites in al-Kadhimiya == | ||
Buratha mosque is located in Buratha neighborhood. It is said that upon returning from the | Buratha mosque is located in Buratha neighborhood. It is said that upon returning from the Battle of Nahrawan, Imam 'Ali (a) prayed in this mosque. | ||
Safawi mosque is built by Shah Isma’il Safawi and is very beautiful. | Safawi mosque is built by [[Shah Isma’il Safawi]] and is very beautiful. | ||
Al-Mantaqa mosque which is also known as “Masjid al- | Al-Mantaqa mosque which is also known as “Masjid al-'Aqiqa”. | ||
== Important People Buried in al-Kadhimiya == | == Important People Buried in al-Kadhimiya == | ||
=== Imams (a) Buried in al-Kadhimiya === | === Imams (a) Buried in al-Kadhimiya === | ||
Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a), the seventh and eighth Imams (a) of | Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a), the seventh and eighth Imams (a) of Shi'a are buried in this city and their shrines is known as Haram Kazimayn. | ||
=== Politicians and Important People Buried in al-Kadhimiya === | === Politicians and Important People Buried in al-Kadhimiya === | ||
* Abu Hanifa | * [[Abu Hanifa]] | ||
* | * [[Mu'izz al-Dawla Daylami]] (One of Buyid kings) | ||
* Fakhr al-Dawla Daylami | * [[Fakhr al-Dawla Daylami]] | ||
* Mushrif al-Dawla Daylami | * [[Mushrif al-Dawla Daylami]] | ||
* Ibn Hamdun | * Ibn Hamdun | ||
* Jalal al-Dawla Al Buya | * [[Jalal al-Dawla Al Buya]] | ||
* | * Diya' al-Din Ibn al-Athir | ||
* Ibn al-Naqid | * Ibn al-Naqid | ||
* Ibn al- | * [[Ibn al-'Alqami]] | ||
* Abu Muhammad Hasan Mahlabi, minister of | * Abu Muhammad Hasan Mahlabi, minister of Mu'izz al-Dawla Daylami | ||
* Amin, Abbasid caliph | * [[Amin]], Abbasid caliph | ||
* | * [[Ja'far b. Mansur Dawaniqi]] | ||
* Farhad Mirza | * Farhad Mirza Mu'tamid al-Dawla, uncle of [[Nasir al-Din Shah]] | ||
* Buhlul Kufi, cousin of Harun al-Rashid | * [[Buhlul al-Kufi]], cousin of [[Harun al-Rashid]] | ||
=== Buried Scholars in al-Kadhimiya === | === Buried Scholars in al-Kadhimiya === | ||
* Shaykh Mufid, among great scholars of | * [[Shaykh Mufid]], among great scholars of Shi'a in [[fiqh]] and [[kalam]] | ||
* Khwajih Nasir al-Din Tusi, among | * [[Khwajih Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]], among Shi'a scholars | ||
* Ibn Quluwayh, among | * [[Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummi|Ibn Quluwayh]], among Shi'a fiqh and [[hadith scholar]]s, author of ''[[Kamil al-Ziyarat]]'' | ||
* Sayyid Radi and Sayyid Murtada, whose graves and burial place (as primarily said) is there. | * [[Al-Sharif al-Radi|Sayyid Radi]] and [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada|Sayyid Murtada]], whose graves and burial place (as primarily said) is there. | ||
* Abu Sabha Musa b. Ibrahim Asghar b. musa al-Kazim, known as al-Murtada | * [[Abu Sabha]] Musa b. Ibrahim Asghar b. musa al-Kazim, known as al-Murtada | ||
* | * 'Awn and 'Abd Allah, among the children of Imam 'Ali (a) | ||
* Al-Amir Sayyid Abu | * Al-Amir Sayyid Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. al-Murtada b. 'Ali 'Alawi Hasani | ||
* Abu Yusuf Qadi, among Sunni scholars in fiqh and a student of Abu Hanifa who was known as Qadi al-Qudat | * Abu Yusuf Qadi, among Sunni scholars in fiqh and a student of Abu Hanifa who was known as Qadi al-Qudat | ||
* Ayatullah Sayyid Hasan Sadr | * [[Ayatullah Sayyid Hasan Sadr]] | ||
* Sayyid Habat al-Din Shahristani | * [[Sayyid Habat al-Din Shahristani]] | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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[[Category:Iraq]] | [[Category:Iraq]] | ||
[[Category:Holy cities]] | |||