Kadhimiya: Difference between revisions

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'''Al-Kādhimiya''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|الکاظمیه}}) is among important religious cities of [[Iraq]] where the shrines of two [[infallible]] Imams (a), [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] and [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] are located. This city is of great significance to [[Shi'a]] after the religious cities of [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]].

Al-Kadhimiya is located on the west of Tigris River on the north-west of [[Baghdad]]. Some Shi'a scholars such as [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] and [[Khwajih Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]] are buried in this city.

== Naming Reason ==

The reason for naming “Kazimayn” is because of the shrines of Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a). Other names of this city are “al-Kadhimiya”, “Balad al-Kazimi” and “al-Mashhad al-Kazimi”.

Al-Kadhimiya is located near [[Baghdad]], but now attached to it due to urban expansion. It is located on the west of Tigris River and thus has a moderate climate. Raining in most times of the year is like spring shower. Therefore, at the time of [[Abbasid]]s, Baghdad and other breadbasket areas around it were decided as the capital and resort for Abbasid rulers.

[[File:The Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn.jpg|270px|thumbnail|right|An old picture of the Holy Shrine of al-Kazimayn (a) taken by British Air Force in 1335/1917 during World War I.]]

Due to especial geographical location, al-Kadhimiya has been considered important and its history is thought to date back before Jesus Christ. At the time of Sassanids, this region has been a garden of an Iranian King called Tasuj and has been called so. In the [[Battle of Nahrawan]] in 37/657 following the order of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], [[martyr]]s of the war were buried here and it was called “Maqbarat al-Shuhadā”. At the time of Abbasids, when expanding and reviving Baghdad and choosing it as the capital, this cemetery was called “Shunizi”, and Caliph [[Mansur Dawaniqi]] chose it for burying Abbasid elders and families and thereafter was called “Maqabir Quraysh”.

Later, by the order [[Harun al-Rashid]], [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] was martyred by Sindi b. Shahak and the body of Imam (a) was buried in “Quraysh Cemetery”. After burying Imam (a), his grave was called as Mashhad Bab al-Taban”. In 220/835, [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] was buried beside the grave of Imam al-Kazim (a).

== Destruction and Reconstructions ==

This city has been destroyed and burned due to flood, earthquake, civil and religious wars and several times was reconstructed. [[Buyid]]s were among Shi'a rulers of Baghdad who cared about reconstruction of the cities and graves of Imams (a). [['Ala al-Din al-Juwayni]], a ruler of Baghdad was among those who reconstructed the city and graves of Imams (a) after invasion of Hulagu Khan in 651/1253-1254 to Baghdad and its destruction.

== Important Sites in al-Kadhimiya ==

Al-Mantaqa mosque which is also known as “Masjid al-'Aqiqa”.

== Important People Buried in al-Kadhimiya ==

=== Imams (a) Buried in al-Kadhimiya ===

Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a), the seventh and ninth Imams (a) of Shi'a are buried in this city and their shrines is known as Haram Kazimayn.

=== Politicians and Important People Buried in al-Kadhimiya ===

* [[Mu'izz al-Dawla Daylami]] (One of Buyid kings)

* [[Fakhr al-Dawla Daylami]]

* [[Mushrif al-Dawla Daylami]]

* Abu Muhammad Hasan Mahlabi, minister of Mu'izz al-Dawla Daylami

* [[Amin]], Abbasid caliph

* [[Ja'far b. Mansur Dawaniqi]]

=== Buried Scholars in al-Kadhimiya ===

* [[Shaykh Mufid]], among great scholars of Shi'a in [[fiqh]] and [[kalam]]

* [[Khwajih Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]], among Shi'a scholars

* [[Al-Sharif al-Radi|Sayyid Radi]] and [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada|Sayyid Murtada]], whose graves and burial place (as primarily said) is there.

* Al-Amir Sayyid Abu l-Hasan 'Ali b. al-Murtada b. 'Ali 'Alawi Hasani

* Abu Yusuf Qadi, among Sunni scholars in fiqh and a student of Abu Hanifa who was known as Qadi al-Qudat

* [[Ayatullah Sayyid Hasan Sadr]]

* [[Sayyid Hibat al-Din Shahristani]]

==Gallery==

==External Links==