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Iraq: Difference between revisions
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===Kurdistan Region=== | ===Kurdistan Region=== | ||
The autonomy of the Kurdistan regional government is located in the north of the country, which is neighboring Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the east. It includes 5 million people. Iraqi Kurdistan Parliament includes 100 members, a prime minister and a cabinet. 17 percent of total budget of Iraq is allocated to Kurdistan regional government. They speak Kurdish and their official flag is different from the flag of Iraq. [[Erbil]] is the capital of this autonomy region, also Sulaymaniyah is a notable city there. The [[Day of Ashura]] in [[Muharram]] is an official holiday in Kurdistan. | The autonomy of the Kurdistan regional government is located in the north of the country, which is neighboring Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria to the east. It includes 5 million people. Iraqi Kurdistan Parliament includes 100 members, a prime minister and a cabinet. 17 percent of total budget of Iraq is allocated to Kurdistan regional government. They speak Kurdish and their official flag is different from the flag of Iraq. [[Erbil]] is the capital of this autonomy region, also Sulaymaniyah is a notable city there. The [[Day of 'Ashura]] in [[Muharram]] is an official holiday in Kurdistan. | ||
Having important Shi'ite religious cities, Tourism industry in Iraq is profitable and it plays a crucial role in economy of the country. | Having important Shi'ite religious cities, Tourism industry in Iraq is profitable and it plays a crucial role in economy of the country. | ||
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* Tawwabun Uprising | * Tawwabun Uprising | ||
It is the first of Shi'a uprisings which took place after the [[Battle of 'Ashura]] in revenge of Imam al-Husayn's (a) blood in 'Ayn al-Warda region led by [[Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i]]. | It is the first of Shi'a uprisings which took place after the [[Battle of ''Ashura]] in revenge of Imam al-Husayn's (a) blood in 'Ayn al-Warda region led by [[Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i]]. | ||
* The Uprising of Zayd b. Ali | * The Uprising of Zayd b. Ali | ||
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Buyids was a Shi'ite government which ruled from [[328]]/939-940 to [[446]]/ 1054-55 in Iraq and [[Iran]], they managed to overcome [[Abbasid caliphate]]. At the beginning they established their government in Iran, then Ahmad b. Buya expanded Buyid territory to Iraq. 'Adud al-Dawla was the most powerful ruler of Buyid dynasty. After his reign, Buyid rulers came against each other through disagreements which finally led to the fall of this Shi'ite dynasty by the hands of Sultan Mahmud, a Ghaznavid ruler. | Buyids was a Shi'ite government which ruled from [[328]]/939-940 to [[446]]/ 1054-55 in Iraq and [[Iran]], they managed to overcome [[Abbasid caliphate]]. At the beginning they established their government in Iran, then Ahmad b. Buya expanded Buyid territory to Iraq. 'Adud al-Dawla was the most powerful ruler of Buyid dynasty. After his reign, Buyid rulers came against each other through disagreements which finally led to the fall of this Shi'ite dynasty by the hands of Sultan Mahmud, a Ghaznavid ruler. | ||
Having Shi'a ministers including Ibn 'Amid, [[Sahib b. al-'Ibad]], Mahlabi, and [[Ave Sina]] (Ibn Sina) in Buyid government, Shi'ism expanded throughout the region. Mourning ceremonies in [[Ashura]], writing Shi'ite poem on walls of [[mosque]]s in [[Baghdad]], making pilgrimage of Shi'a Imams' shrines, building mosques, and resting places for pilgrims in [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]] were significant actions taken by Buyid rulers. | Having Shi'a ministers including Ibn 'Amid, [[Sahib b. al-'Ibad]], Mahlabi, and [[Ave Sina]] (Ibn Sina) in Buyid government, Shi'ism expanded throughout the region. Mourning ceremonies in [['Ashura]], writing Shi'ite poem on walls of [[mosque]]s in [[Baghdad]], making pilgrimage of Shi'a Imams' shrines, building mosques, and resting places for pilgrims in [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]] were significant actions taken by Buyid rulers. | ||
===Ilkhanate=== | ===Ilkhanate=== | ||
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===Shi'ism in Baghdad=== | ===Shi'ism in Baghdad=== | ||
After Baghdad was founded by immigrants from [[Kufa]], Basra and [[Khorasan]] as well as settlement of a large number of grand Shi'ite scholars in Karkh, a region in Baghdad, who were noble or official chiefs in Baghdad. The region of Karkh is called the region of [[Rafidi]] in sources. [[Yaghut al-Hamudi]] expressed: "Those who lived in Karkh were all Twelver Shi'a Muslims and there were no [[Sunni]] among them." When [[Buyid]] came to Baghdad in 344 A.H, they remarkably supported Shi'a Muslims and Shi'ite ceremonies such as holding mourning ceremonies of [[the day of Ashura]] and [[Ghadir Day]], which led to start of oppositions between Sunni Muslims of Bab al-Basra and Shi'a Muslims of Karkh region. Then after the emergence of Turks in Baghdad, Shi'a Muslims were prosecuted and distressed. | After Baghdad was founded by immigrants from [[Kufa]], Basra and [[Khorasan]] as well as settlement of a large number of grand Shi'ite scholars in Karkh, a region in Baghdad, who were noble or official chiefs in Baghdad. The region of Karkh is called the region of [[Rafidi]] in sources. [[Yaghut al-Hamudi]] expressed: "Those who lived in Karkh were all Twelver Shi'a Muslims and there were no [[Sunni]] among them." When [[Buyid]] came to Baghdad in 344 A.H, they remarkably supported Shi'a Muslims and Shi'ite ceremonies such as holding mourning ceremonies of [[the day of 'Ashura]] and [[Ghadir Day]], which led to start of oppositions between Sunni Muslims of Bab al-Basra and Shi'a Muslims of Karkh region. Then after the emergence of Turks in Baghdad, Shi'a Muslims were prosecuted and distressed. | ||
The region of Buratha which includes [[Buratha mosque]] is regarded as an important Shi'ite region in Baghdad. It is regarded a sacred region for Shi'a Muslims which was damaged and destroyed many times. Today this region is considered as one the most important Shi'ite communities where Friday's prayers are held. | The region of Buratha which includes [[Buratha mosque]] is regarded as an important Shi'ite region in Baghdad. It is regarded a sacred region for Shi'a Muslims which was damaged and destroyed many times. Today this region is considered as one the most important Shi'ite communities where Friday's prayers are held. | ||