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Iraq: Difference between revisions
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==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Iraq is located in the Middle East and southwest of Asia, neighboring [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Kuwait]] to the south, [[Jordan]] and [[Syria]] to the west, [[Iran]] to the east and [[Turkey]] to the north. Iraq has a narrow coastline on the northern part of Persian Gulf. The [[Tigris]] and the [[Euphrates]] flow through Iraq from north to south of the country and finally into Persian Gulf. The Arab Federation was founded by Iraq and Jordan in 1958. | Iraq is located in the Middle East and southwest of Asia, neighboring [[Saudi Arabia]] and [[Kuwait]] to the south, [[Jordan]] and [[Syria]] to the west, [[Iran]] to the east and [[Turkey]] to the north. Iraq has a narrow coastline on the northern part of Persian Gulf. The [[Tigris]] and the [[Euphrates]] flow through Iraq from north to south of the country and finally into Persian Gulf. The Arab Federation was founded by Iraq and Jordan in 1958. | ||
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Having important Shi'ite religious cities, Tourism industry in Iraq is profitable and it plays a crucial role in economy of the country. | Having important Shi'ite religious cities, Tourism industry in Iraq is profitable and it plays a crucial role in economy of the country. | ||
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==Religions and Ethnicities== | |||
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| [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] || 10 years (40/661 to [[50]]/670) || Kufa (to the time of [[Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)|Peace Treaty with Mu'awiyya]] || [[Mu'awiyya]] || 6 months ||making Peace Treaty with Mu'awiyya | | [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] || 10 years (40/661 to [[50]]/670) || Kufa (to the time of [[Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)|Peace Treaty with Mu'awiyya]] || [[Mu'awiyya]] || 6 months ||making Peace Treaty with Mu'awiyya | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] || 11 year (50/670 to [[61]]/680) || | | [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] || 11 year (50/670 to [[61]]/680) || •Kufa (to the time of [[Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)]] {{-}} •Karbala ([[Battle of Karbala]])|| [[Mu'awiyya]] (from [[41]]/661 to [[60]]/680) [[Yazid b. Mu'awiyya|Yazid]] (from [[60]]/680 to [[64]]/683 || || Battle of Karbala | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] || 34 year (from [[61]]/680 to [[95]]/731 || | | [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] || 34 year (from [[61]]/680 to [[95]]/731 || •Karbala ([[Battle of Karbala]]) {{-}} •Kufa (During [[Captives of Karbala|captivity after the Battle of Karbala]])|| [[Yazid b. Mu'awiyya|Yazid]] (from [[60]]/680 to [[64]]/683 {{-}} 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr (Mecca) {{-}} Mu'awiyya b. Yazid {{-}} Marwan b. Hakam {{-}} [['Abd al-Malik b. Marwan]] {{-}} [[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] || ||Battle of Karbala{{-}} [[Tawwabun Uprising]] {{-}} [[Mukhtar Uprising]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] || 19 years ||Karbala ( | | [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] || 19 years ||Karbala (Battle of Karbala)||[[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} Sulayman b. 'Abd al-Malik {{-}} [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] {{-}} [[Yazid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] || ||Battle of Karbala{{-}} [[Tawwabun Uprising]] {{-}} [[Mukhtar Uprising]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]|| 34 years||Kufa (at the end of his life; training students and pupils)|| [[Walid b. Yazid]] {{-}} [[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} [[Ibrahim b. al-Walid]] {{-}} [[Marwan b. Muhammad]] {{-}} [[Abu l-'Abbas al-Saffah]] {{-}} [[Mansur al-Dawaniqi]] || || [[Uprising of Zayn b. 'Ali]] | |[[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]|| 34 years||Kufa (at the end of his life; training students and pupils)|| [[Walid b. Yazid]] {{-}} [[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} [[Ibrahim b. al-Walid]] {{-}} [[Marwan b. Muhammad]] {{-}} [[Abu l-'Abbas al-Saffah]] {{-}} [[Mansur al-Dawaniqi]] || || [[Uprising of Zayn b. 'Ali]] | ||
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===Shi'ism in North-East of Iraq=== | ===Shi'ism in North-East of Iraq=== | ||
The history of Shi'ism in | The history of Shi'ism in Samarra does not go back so long. Only [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Shirazi|Mirza Shirazi]] lived in Samarra when he was a [[marja' al-taqlid]]. Balad, a city 20 km off Samarra, is entirely Shi'ite, except for a number of villages around it. The burial place of [[al-Sayyid al-Muhammad]] is one the Shi'ite sites there. In 1991 a large number of people of Balad were in trouble, 395 were executed, 225 were imprisoned and more than one hundred families were forced to leave the city; they settled in a dessert in the south west of Iraq. | ||
Erbil is also regarded a Shi'ite city in this region. [[Ali b. Isa Erbili]], the author of [["Kashf al-Ghima"]] was born there. | Erbil is also regarded a Shi'ite city in this region. [[Ali b. Isa Erbili]], the author of [["Kashf al-Ghima"]] was born there. | ||