Anonymous user
Iraq: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
imported>E.amini mNo edit summary |
imported>E.amini mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| links = | | links = | ||
| photo = | | photo = | ||
| categories = | | categories = done | ||
| infobox = | | infobox = | ||
| navbox = | | navbox = | ||
| redirects= | | redirects=done | ||
| references = | | references = | ||
| good article = | | good article = | ||
| Line 245: | Line 245: | ||
===Banu Hashim=== | ===Banu Hashim=== | ||
{{Main|Banu Hashim}} | {{Main|Banu Hashim}} | ||
Banu Hashim were descendants of [[Quraysh]] tribe; [[Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf]] was their ancestor. [[ | Banu Hashim were descendants of [[Quraysh]] tribe; [[Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf]] was their ancestor. [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] and Shi'a [[Imam]]s were all descendants of this tribe. [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] were [[caliph]]s of Muslims. Imam Ali (a) changed his capital from [[Medina]] to [[Kufa]]. After [[martyrdom]] of his father, [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] became the caliph of Muslims. However after some time he agreed a [[Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)|peace treaty]] with [[Mu'awiya]] and gave caliphate to him. | ||
===Umayyad Dynasty=== | ===Umayyad Dynasty=== | ||
| Line 266: | Line 266: | ||
===Buyid=== | ===Buyid=== | ||
{{Main|Buyids}} | {{Main|Buyids}} | ||
Buyids was a Shi'ite government which ruled from [[328]]/939- | Buyids was a Shi'ite government which ruled from [[328]]/939-40 to [[446]]/ 1054-5 in Iraq and [[Iran]], they managed to overcome [[Abbasid caliphate]]. At the beginning they established their government in Iran, then Ahmad b. Buya expanded Buyid territory to Iraq. 'Adud al-Dawla was the most powerful ruler of Buyid dynasty. After his reign, Buyid rulers came against each other through disagreements which finally led to the fall of this Shi'ite dynasty by the hands of Sultan Mahmud, a Ghaznavid ruler. | ||
Having Shi'a ministers including Ibn 'Amid, [[Sahib b. al-'Ibad]], Mahlabi, and [[Ave Sina]] (Ibn Sina) in Buyid government, Shi'ism expanded throughout the region. Mourning ceremonies in [['Ashura]], writing Shi'ite poem on walls of [[mosque]]s in [[Baghdad]], making pilgrimage of Shi'a Imams' shrines, building mosques, and resting places for pilgrims in [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]] were significant actions taken by Buyid rulers. | Having Shi'a ministers including Ibn 'Amid, [[Sahib b. al-'Ibad]], Mahlabi, and [[Ave Sina]] (Ibn Sina) in Buyid government, Shi'ism expanded throughout the region. Mourning ceremonies in [['Ashura]], writing Shi'ite poem on walls of [[mosque]]s in [[Baghdad]], making pilgrimage of Shi'a Imams' shrines, building mosques, and resting places for pilgrims in [[Najaf]] and [[Karbala]] were significant actions taken by Buyid rulers. | ||