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Aisha: Difference between revisions
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{{main|Battle of Jamal}} | {{main|Battle of Jamal}} | ||
A'isha was amongst the opponents of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Some writers have recognized this conflict to have begun during the lifetime of the [[Prophet (s)]] itself. | A'isha was amongst the opponents of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. Some writers have recognized this conflict to have begun during the lifetime of the [[Prophet (s)]] itself. | ||
The role A'isha played in stimulating a massive uprising against the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), which led to the [[Battle of the Camel]], was a huge indicator of her enmity towards him. Some [[Sunni]] writers believed her to be under the influence of instigative evil-doers and supposed her gathering of an army | |||
The role A'isha played in stimulating a massive uprising against the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), which led to the [[Battle of the Camel]], was a huge indicator of her enmity towards him. Some [[Sunni]] writers believed her to be under the influence of instigative evil-doers and supposed her gathering of an army to be for the revenge from Uthman's killers and not an act of opposition to Imam Ali (a). They considered this an error in [[ijtihad]] for which A'isha herself was later repentant. | |||
A'isha, who was amongst the opponents of Uthman and was present in [[Mecca]] at the time of Uthman's murder, on hearing the news of Imam Ali's [[caliphate]], remained in Mecca. After a while when [[Talha]] and [[Zubayr b. al-'Awwam|Zubayr]] reached Mecca, the three after gathering an army of Arab tribes journeyed to Basra and claimed to avenge the blood of Uthman. After conquering this city, they deployed their army against that of Imam Ali's (a). The battle that ensued thereafter was named the Battle of the Camel because of Aisha's presence in it as she sat on the top of a Camel. This was the first battle to take place between the Muslims themselves. | A'isha, who was amongst the opponents of Uthman and was present in [[Mecca]] at the time of Uthman's murder, on hearing the news of Imam Ali's [[caliphate]], remained in Mecca. After a while when [[Talha]] and [[Zubayr b. al-'Awwam|Zubayr]] reached Mecca, the three after gathering an army of Arab tribes journeyed to Basra and claimed to avenge the blood of Uthman. After conquering this city, they deployed their army against that of Imam Ali's (a). The battle that ensued thereafter was named the Battle of the Camel because of Aisha's presence in it as she sat on the top of a Camel. This was the first battle to take place between the Muslims themselves. | ||
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Although some people believe that A'isha was silent in the [[Umayyad]] period, others have shown that she was a supporter of the Umayyad dynasty. Although her brother, Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, was tragically murdered at the command of Mu'awiya and she reprimanded Mu'awiya for murdering [[Hujr b. 'Adi]] and his companions, she made a compromise with him after the martyrdom of Imam Ali (a). Mu'awiya also tried to become closer to A'isha by sending her gifts. It is said that he sent her one hundred thousand dinars and paid off eighteen thousand dinars of her debts. | Although some people believe that A'isha was silent in the [[Umayyad]] period, others have shown that she was a supporter of the Umayyad dynasty. Although her brother, Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, was tragically murdered at the command of Mu'awiya and she reprimanded Mu'awiya for murdering [[Hujr b. 'Adi]] and his companions, she made a compromise with him after the martyrdom of Imam Ali (a). Mu'awiya also tried to become closer to A'isha by sending her gifts. It is said that he sent her one hundred thousand dinars and paid off eighteen thousand dinars of her debts. | ||
==Episode of Burial of Imam al-Hasan's Body== | |||
Amongst the issues that sustained the Shi'a's criticism of A'isha was her not allowing the burial of [[Imam al-Hasan]]'s (a) body next to the grave of the Prophet (s). The resting place of the Prophet (s) was in A'isha's house and after that, had been the burial place of the first two caliphs too. With the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), his brother [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] initially intended to bury him next to the grave of the Prophet (s) in accordance with his will; but A'isha, with the help of the governor of [[Medina]], prevented its fulfillment. To avoid discord, Imam al-Husayn (a) resigned from it. | Amongst the issues that sustained the Shi'a's criticism of A'isha was her not allowing the burial of [[Imam al-Hasan]]'s (a) body next to the grave of the Prophet (s). The resting place of the Prophet (s) was in A'isha's house and after that, had been the burial place of the first two caliphs too. With the martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan (a), his brother [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] initially intended to bury him next to the grave of the Prophet (s) in accordance with his will; but A'isha, with the help of the governor of [[Medina]], prevented its fulfillment. To avoid discord, Imam al-Husayn (a) resigned from it. | ||
==Demise== | |||
A'isha died of a natural death at [[10 Shawwal]] [[58]]/[[8 August]] 678 (or 57/677) at the age of 66 in [[Medina]]. [[Abu Hurayra]] led her funeral prayer and she was buried in the [[al-Baqi' cemetery]]. Some said she died at 17 [[Ramadan]] 58. | |||
There is a disagreement about why A'isha died. Some people believe that she died a natural death. Others appeal to certain sources to show that [[Mu'awiya]] had a role in killing A'isha by digging a hole and throwing her in it because she had criticized him for forcing people to pledge their [[allegiance]] to [[Yazid]]. People who believe that A'isha was killed date the event to the late [[Dhu l-Hijja]]. | |||
==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
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It is quoted that A'isha was the only wife of the Prophet (s) who had not been married earlier. Sunni Muslims cites many accounts indicating the Prophet's (s) great affection for her to the extent of calling her the Prophet's (s) most beloved wife. | It is quoted that A'isha was the only wife of the Prophet (s) who had not been married earlier. Sunni Muslims cites many accounts indicating the Prophet's (s) great affection for her to the extent of calling her the Prophet's (s) most beloved wife. | ||
=== | ===Shiite View=== | ||
[[Shi'a]] scholars consider the reports present in Sunni works about A'isha to be fabricated and exaggerated. They cite reports which mention her actions to have caused the Prophet (s) to become angry and unhappy, or quote the Prophet (s) to have complained on her account. Likewise, they cite reports mentioning A'isha's jealousy towards the Prophet's other wives and her vicious actions against them. Some of these reports even appear in Sunni authentic sources. | [[Shi'a]] scholars consider the reports present in Sunni works about A'isha to be fabricated and exaggerated. They cite reports which mention her actions to have caused the Prophet (s) to become angry and unhappy, or quote the Prophet (s) to have complained on her account. Likewise, they cite reports mentioning A'isha's jealousy towards the Prophet's other wives and her vicious actions against them. Some of these reports even appear in Sunni authentic sources. | ||
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====Cursing A'isha==== | ====Cursing A'isha==== | ||
When Yasir al-Habib, the Kuwaiti Shiite clergyman based in London, cursed A'isha, a number of Shiite scholars in al-Ahasa in Arabia inquired [[Ayatollah Khamenei]]'s view about insulting and cursing the Prophet's wife. In response Ayatollah Khamenei wrote, "It is [[haram (fiqh)|forbidden]] to insult the symbols of our Sunni brothers, including the denunciation of the Prophet's wife [A'isha]. This includes the wives of all prophets (a) and in particular the head of prophets, our great prophet Muhammad (s)". This [[fatwa]] attracted the attention of world and Islamic media. | When Yasir al-Habib, the Kuwaiti Shiite clergyman based in London, cursed A'isha, a number of Shiite scholars in al-Ahasa in Arabia inquired [[Ayatollah Khamenei]]'s view about insulting and cursing the Prophet's wife. In response, Ayatollah Khamenei wrote, "It is [[haram (fiqh)|forbidden]] to insult the symbols of our Sunni brothers, including the denunciation of the Prophet's wife [A'isha]. This includes the wives of all prophets (a) and in particular the head of prophets, our great prophet Muhammad (s)". This [[fatwa]] attracted the attention of world and Islamic media. | ||
==Role in the Narration of Hadith== | ==Role in the Narration of Hadith== | ||
A'isha was amongst the most important narrators of the words and the life of the Prophet (s). The number of traditions related to her exceeds 2100. Parts of the reports narrated by her which are present in historic texts have been subject to research and criticism by the [[Shi'a]] researchers and academics. | A'isha was amongst the most important narrators of the words and the life of the Prophet (s). The number of traditions related to her exceeds 2100. Parts of the reports narrated by her which are present in historic texts have been subject to research and criticism by the [[Shi'a]] researchers and academics. | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
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* '' A'isha dar dawran Ali (a)'', written by Sayyid Murtada 'Askari. | * '' A'isha dar dawran Ali (a)'', written by Sayyid Murtada 'Askari. | ||
* ''Naqsh A'isha dar tarikh-i Islam'', written by Sayyid Murtada 'Askari. | * ''Naqsh A'isha dar tarikh-i Islam'', written by Sayyid Murtada 'Askari. | ||
* '' A'isha dar sihah-i sitti'', written by Husayn Tayyibiyan. | * '' A'isha dar sihah-i sitti'', written by Husayn Tayyibiyan. | ||
* '' A'isha dar hayat-i Muhammad'', written by Sibihruz Mawludi. | * '' A'isha dar hayat-i Muhammad'', written by Sibihruz Mawludi. | ||
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{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Ahl al-Bayt's women}} | {{Ahl al-Bayt's women}} | ||
{{Al-Baqi'}} | {{Al-Baqi'}} | ||