Anonymous user
Al-Shiqshiqiyya Sermon: Difference between revisions
adding references.
imported>S.J.Mosavi mNo edit summary |
imported>Mortezanazarzadeh (adding references.) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center; background-color: #E0E6F8; width:40%; border-spacing:5px; margin:5px" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center; background-color: #E0E6F8; width:40%; border-spacing:5px; margin:5px" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 41: | Line 40: | ||
==Place and time== | ==Place and time== | ||
As evidenced by historical points made in the sermon, such as Imam 'Ali's (a) talk of Nakithun (his enemies in the [[Battle of Jamal]], [[36]]/656-7), Qasitun ([[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] and his companions in the [[Battle of Siffin]], late [[36]]/657 and early [[37]]/657) and Mariqun ([[Khawarij]] in the [[Battle of Nahrawan]], late [[37]]/658 or early [[38]]/658) and as evidenced by [[Ibn 'Abbas]]'s presence in [[Kufa]], the sermon should have been delivered around late [[38]]/659 or early [[39]]/659. | As evidenced by historical points made in the sermon, such as Imam 'Ali's (a) talk of Nakithun (his enemies in the [[Battle of Jamal]], [[36]]/656-7), Qasitun ([[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] and his companions in the [[Battle of Siffin]], late [[36]]/657 and early [[37]]/657) and Mariqun ([[Khawarij]] in the [[Battle of Nahrawan]], late [[37]]/658 or early [[38]]/658) and as evidenced by [[Ibn 'Abbas]]'s presence in [[Kufa]], the sermon should have been delivered around late [[38]]/659 or early [[39]]/659.<ref>Ṭāliqānī, ''Partuwī az Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 128.</ref> | ||
[[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] and [[Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi]] took the sermon to have taken place in "rahba" (Arabic: رحبه). By "rahba" here is meant a place in the middle of the courtyard of [[Kufa Mosque]] in which Imam 'Ali (a) gave many sermons or issued judiciary verdicts. This is why during the anti-'Ali (a) period of [[Ziyad b. Abih]], [[narrator]]s of [[hadith]] mentioned Imam 'Ali (a) as "Sahib al-Rahba" (the companion of rahba). According to Matarzi (d. [[610]]/1213-4), rahba in Kufa was a podium in the middle of the Kufa Mosque in which Imam 'Ali (a) sat and delivered his sermons. This is the place where Imam 'Ali (a) was said to have thrown the booties of Khawarij. | [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 287.</ref> and [[Qutb al-Din al-Rawandi]]<ref>Rāwandī, ''Minhāj al-birāʿa'', vol. 1, p. 133.</ref> took the sermon to have taken place in "rahba" (Arabic: رحبه). By "rahba" here is meant a place in the middle of the courtyard of [[Kufa Mosque]] in which Imam 'Ali (a) gave many sermons or issued judiciary verdicts. This is why during the anti-'Ali (a) period of [[Ziyad b. Abih]], [[narrator]]s of [[hadith]] mentioned Imam 'Ali (a) as "Sahib al-Rahba" (the companion of rahba).<ref>Madanī, ''al-Ṭarāz al-awwal'', vol. 2, p. 61.</ref> According to Matarzi (d. [[610]]/1213-4), rahba in Kufa was a podium in the middle of the Kufa Mosque in which Imam 'Ali (a) sat and delivered his sermons. This is the place where Imam 'Ali (a) was said to have thrown the booties of Khawarij.<ref>Muṭarrizā, ''al-Mughrib'', vol. 1, p. 324.</ref> | ||
==Appellation== | ==Appellation== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 52: | ||
==The sources of Shiqshiqiyya before Sayyid al-Radi== | ==The sources of Shiqshiqiyya before Sayyid al-Radi== | ||
Given criticisms made of the [[first three Caliphs]], many [[Sunni]] scholars cast doubts over the reliability of the sermon. Moreover, some of them said that this sermon alone shows that the whole ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]'' is unreliable. | Given criticisms made of the [[first three Caliphs]], many [[Sunni]] scholars cast doubts over the reliability of the sermon. Moreover, some of them said that this sermon alone shows that the whole ''[[Nahj al-balagha]]'' is unreliable.<ref>Ḥusaynī al-Khaṭīb, ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 336.</ref> | ||
According to [[Shiite]] scholars, the sermon can be found in some works before ''Nahj al-balagha'' and its sources of narration go back to Imam 'Ali (a) himself. In his ''[[al-Ghadir]]'', [['Allama Amini]] mentioned 28 chains of narrations for this sermon in none of which [[Sayyid al-Radi]] appears. In the book ''"Partowi az Nahj al-balagha"'' (a light from Nahj al-balagha), 22 chains of narrations have been mentioned for the sermon, 8 of which are from sources before Sayyid al-Radi, 5 from Sayyid Radi's contemporaries, and 9 from sources after ''Nahj al-balagha'' or after the 5th/[[11th century]] from sources independent from ''Nahj al-balagha''. | According to [[Shiite]] scholars, the sermon can be found in some works before ''Nahj al-balagha'' and its sources of narration go back to Imam 'Ali (a) himself. In his ''[[al-Ghadir]]'', [['Allama Amini]] mentioned 28 chains of narrations for this sermon in none of which [[Sayyid al-Radi]] appears.<ref>Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 7, p. 109-115.</ref> In the book ''"Partowi az Nahj al-balagha"'' (a light from Nahj al-balagha), 22 chains of narrations have been mentioned for the sermon, 8 of which are from sources before Sayyid al-Radi, 5 from Sayyid Radi's contemporaries, and 9 from sources after ''Nahj al-balagha'' or after the 5th/[[11th century]] from sources independent from ''Nahj al-balagha''.<ref>Ṭāliqānī, ''Partuwī az Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 128.</ref> | ||
* [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]], the Sunni [[Mu'tazili]] scholar (d. [[656]]/1258) says, after his exposition of the sermon, that he had seen the sermon in the work of [[Abu l-Qasim al-Balkhi]] and [[Ibn Qiba al-Razi|Abu Ja'far b. Qiba]] both of whom had died before the birth of Sayyid al-Radi. | * [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]], the Sunni [[Mu'tazili]] scholar (d. [[656]]/1258) says, after his exposition of the sermon, that he had seen the sermon in the work of [[Abu l-Qasim al-Balkhi]] and [[Ibn Qiba al-Razi|Abu Ja'far b. Qiba]] both of whom had died before the birth of Sayyid al-Radi.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāgha'', vol. 1, p. 205.</ref> | ||
* [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], who lived before Sayyid al-Radi, cited the Shiqshiqiyya sermon in his wok with a chain of narrators going back to Imam 'Ali (a); once in his ''[['Ilal al-shara'i']]'' and once in his ''[[Ma'ani l-akhbar]]''. | * [[Al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], who lived before Sayyid al-Radi, cited the Shiqshiqiyya sermon in his wok with a chain of narrators going back to Imam 'Ali (a); once in his ''[['Ilal al-shara'i']]''<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 1, p. 150.</ref> and once in his ''[[Ma'ani l-akhbar]]''.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Maʿānī l-akhbār'', p. 361.</ref> | ||
* [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] (d. [[413]]/1022), Sayyid al-Radi's teacher, cited the sermon in his book, ''[[al-Irshad]]'', saying that some narrators had cited the sermon with different chains of narrations. In his essay, ''al-Mas'alatan fi l-nass 'ala 'Ali (a)'' (Arabic: المسألتان فی النص علی علی(ع); two problems about textual evidence for 'Ali (a)), he cited the sermon as a well-known one, showing that there was no doubt about the reliability of the sermon in his time. In his book, ''[[al-Jamal]]'', al-Shaykh al-Mufid takes the sermon to be too famous to need an explanation. | * [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] (d. [[413]]/1022), Sayyid al-Radi's teacher, cited the sermon in his book, ''[[al-Irshad]]'', saying that some narrators had cited the sermon with different chains of narrations.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 287.</ref> In his essay, ''al-Mas'alatan fi l-nass 'ala 'Ali (a)'' (Arabic: المسألتان فی النص علی علی(ع); two problems about textual evidence for 'Ali (a)), he cited the sermon as a well-known one,<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Masʾalatān fī l-naṣ ʿalā ʿAlī'', p. 28.</ref> showing that there was no doubt about the reliability of the sermon in his time. In his book, ''[[al-Jamal]]'', al-Shaykh al-Mufid takes the sermon to be too famous to need an explanation.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Jumal'', p. 62.</ref> | ||
==Commentaries on the sermon== | ==Commentaries on the sermon== | ||
{{col-begin|2}} | {{col-begin|2}} | ||
* An exegesis of the Shiqshiqiyya sermon in Arabic by [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] (d. [[436]]/1044-5) published in the essays of al-Sayyid al-Murtada (vol. 2). | * An exegesis of the Shiqshiqiyya sermon in Arabic by [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] (d. [[436]]/1044-5)<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 21.</ref> published in the essays of al-Sayyid al-Murtada (vol. 2). | ||
* ''Al-Shiqshiqiyya: dirasa mawdu'iyya li shakhsiyyat tasaddat li l-khilafa al-Islamiyya'' (the Shiqshiqiyya sermon: a case study of figures who occupied the Islamic [[caliphate]]) by 'Abd al-Rasul al-Ghaffari. | * ''Al-Shiqshiqiyya: dirasa mawdu'iyya li shakhsiyyat tasaddat li l-khilafa al-Islamiyya'' (the Shiqshiqiyya sermon: a case study of figures who occupied the Islamic [[caliphate]]) by 'Abd al-Rasul al-Ghaffari. | ||
| Line 89: | Line 88: | ||
* ''Al-Masa'il al-tatbiqiyya 'ala l-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya'' (Comparative issues concerning the Shiqshiqiyya sermon), by 'Ali al-Tabrizi. | * ''Al-Masa'il al-tatbiqiyya 'ala l-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya'' (Comparative issues concerning the Shiqshiqiyya sermon), by 'Ali al-Tabrizi. | ||
* ''Al-Tawdihat al-tahqiqiyya fi sharh al-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya'' (scholarly commentaries in the exposition of the Shiqshiqiyya sermon) by Sayyid 'Ali Akbar b. Sayyid Muhammad b. Sayyid Dildar (d. [[1326]]/1908). | * ''Al-Tawdihat al-tahqiqiyya fi sharh al-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya'' (scholarly commentaries in the exposition of the Shiqshiqiyya sermon) by Sayyid 'Ali Akbar b. Sayyid Muhammad b. Sayyid Dildar (d. [[1326]]/1908).<ref>Ustādī, Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha, p. 22-23.</ref> | ||
* ''Sharh Khutba Shiqshiqiyya'' (a commentary on the sermon) by Mulla Ibrahim Gilani, a scholar of the 11th/[[17th century]]. The main manuscript is found in [[Qom]]. | * ''Sharh Khutba Shiqshiqiyya'' (a commentary on the sermon) by Mulla Ibrahim Gilani, a scholar of the 11th/[[17th century]]. The main manuscript is found in [[Qom]].<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 32.</ref> | ||
* A commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by Mirza Abu l-Ma'ali al-Kalbasi (d. [[1315]]/1898). | * A commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by Mirza Abu l-Ma'ali al-Kalbasi (d. [[1315]]/1898).<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 32.</ref> | ||
* A commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by Taj al-'Ulama Lakhanawi (d. [[1312]]/1895). | * A commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by Taj al-'Ulama Lakhanawi (d. [[1312]]/1895).<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 32.</ref> | ||
* A Farsi commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon in a poetic style by Sayyid Muhammad Taqi al-Qazwini (d. [[1270]]/1854). A manuscript of the commentary is available in the [[Sipahsalar Library]] and the Library of [[Tehran University]]. | * A Farsi commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon in a poetic style by Sayyid Muhammad Taqi al-Qazwini (d. [[1270]]/1854). A manuscript of the commentary is available in the [[Sipahsalar Library]] and the Library of [[Tehran University]].<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 32.</ref> | ||
* An Arabic commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by Sayyid Ja'far b. Sadiq al-'Abid. | * An Arabic commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by Sayyid Ja'far b. Sadiq al-'Abid.<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 32.</ref> | ||
* A commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by [[Sayyid 'Ala' al-Din Gulistana]], the author of ''Hada'iq al-haqa'iq''. The author of ''[[al-Dhari'a]]'' had seen a copy of the book in [[Najaf]] at the possession of [[Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Yazdi]]. | * A commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon by [[Sayyid 'Ala' al-Din Gulistana]], the author of ''Hada'iq al-haqa'iq''. The author of ''[[al-Dhari'a]]'' had seen a copy of the book in [[Najaf]] at the possession of [[Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Yazdi]]. | ||
* A commentary of the sermon in Arabic by the famous orator, Sayyid 'Ali Hashimi. | * A commentary of the sermon in Arabic by the famous orator, Sayyid 'Ali Hashimi.<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 33.</ref> | ||
* A commentary on the sermon by [[Shaykh Hadi al-Banani]], the author of a commentary on [[Zaynab's (a) sermon]]. He was contemporary to [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]. | * A commentary on the sermon by [[Shaykh Hadi al-Banani]], the author of a commentary on [[Zaynab's (a) sermon]]. He was contemporary to [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]].<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 33.</ref> | ||
* An Arabic commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon. The author lived in the 13th/[[19th century]]. It is available in the [[National Library of Iran]]. | * An Arabic commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon. The author lived in the 13th/[[19th century]]. It is available in the [[National Library of Iran]].<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 33.</ref> | ||
* ''Al-Naqd al-sadid fi sharh al-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya li ibn Abi l-Hadid'' (a solid criticism of Ibn Abi l-Hadid's commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon) in Arabic by Shaykh Muhsin Karim in volumes. The first volume was published in [[1383]]/1963-4) in Najaf. | * ''Al-Naqd al-sadid fi sharh al-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya li ibn Abi l-Hadid'' (a solid criticism of Ibn Abi l-Hadid's commentary on the Shiqshiqiyya sermon) in Arabic by Shaykh Muhsin Karim in volumes. The first volume was published in [[1383]]/1963-4) in Najaf.<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 38.</ref> | ||
* ''Kashf al-sahab fi sharh al-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya'' (uncovering the clouds in the exposition of the Shiqshiqiyya sermon) by Mulla Habib Allah Kashani (d. [[1340]]/1921-2). | * ''Kashf al-sahab fi sharh al-khutba al-Shiqshiqiyya'' (uncovering the clouds in the exposition of the Shiqshiqiyya sermon) by Mulla Habib Allah Kashani (d. [[1340]]/1921-2).<ref>Ustādī, ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha'', p. 55.</ref> | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | *Amīnī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Ghadīr''. Qom: Markaz al-Ghadīr li-l-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyya, 1416 AH. | ||
*Ḥusaynī al-Khaṭīb, ʿAbd al-Zahrā. ''Maṣādir Nahj al-balāgha wa asānīduh''. Beirut: Dār al-Zahrā, 1409 AH. | |||
*Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd. ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha''. Edited by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabīyya, 1378 AH. | |||
*Madanī, ʿAlī Khān b. Aḥmad. ''Al-Ṭarāz al-awwal''. Mashhad: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1384 AH. | |||
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt l-Taḥqīq al-Turāth, 1414 AH. | |||
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Jumal''. Qom: Maktabat al-Dāwarī, [n.d]. | |||
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Masʾalatān fī l-naṣ ʿalā ʿAlī''. Edited by Muḥammad Riḍā Anṣārī. Beirut: [n.p], 1414 AH. | |||
*Muṭarrizā, Nāṣir b. ʿAbd al-Sayyid. ''Al-Mughrib''. Edited by Maḥmūd al-Fākhūrī & ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Mukhtār. Aleppo: Maktabat Usāmat b. Zayd, 1979. | |||
*Rāwandī, Quṭb al-Dīn al-. ''Minhāj al-barāʿa''. Edited by Sayyid ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Kūhkamarī. Qom: Maktaba Āyatullāh Marʿashī, 1406 AH. | |||
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ''. Najaf, Manshūrāt al-Ḥaydarīyya, 1966. | |||
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Maʿānī l-akhbār''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Nashr al-Islāmī, 1379 Sh. | |||
*Ṭāliqānī, Maḥmūd. ''Partuwī az Nahj al-balāgha''. Edited by Sayyid Muḥammad Mahdī Jaʿfarī. Tehran: Sāzmān-i Intishārāt-i Wizārat-i Farhang, 1374 Sh. | |||
*Ustādī, Reḍā. ''Kitābnāma-yi Nahj al-balāgha''. Tehran: Bunyād-i Nahj al-balāgha, 1359 Sh. | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||