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'''Talqīn al-mayyit''' (Arabic: تلقین المیت) consists in some phrases regarding Islamic beliefs that are recited for the deceased before burying his or her corpse. Talqin is a [[mustahab]] part of burying a corpse, according to [[fiqh]], it had better be performed both before and after filling the grave with soil when participants of the funeral return. Talqin is also recommended when the person is about to die. The phrases for talqin mentioned in ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]'' come from different [[hadith]]s in this regard. The phrases are slightly different for men and women. | '''Talqīn al-mayyit''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|تلقین المیت}}) consists in some phrases regarding Islamic beliefs that are recited for the deceased before burying his or her corpse. Talqin is a [[mustahab]] part of burying a corpse, according to [[fiqh]], it had better be performed both before and after filling the grave with soil when participants of the funeral return. Talqin is also recommended when the person is about to die. The phrases for talqin mentioned in ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]'' come from different [[hadith]]s in this regard. The phrases are slightly different for men and women. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Talqin was common since the time of the [[Prophet (s)]]. Shiite [[Imams (a)]] also taught their followers how to do talqin a deceased person. | Talqin was common since the time of the [[Prophet (s)]]. Shiite [[Imams (a)]] also taught their followers how to do talqin a deceased person. | ||
According to a [[hadith]] from the Prophet (s): "do talqin to your deceased with "La ilaha ill Allah" (Arabic:لا اله الّا الله) (there is no god except Allah) before their death. He whose last word is "la ilaha ill Allah" will go to the [[Heaven]]." According to Shiite sources, the testimony for [[imamate]] comes after the testimony for [[ | According to a [[hadith]] from the Prophet (s): "do talqin to your deceased with "La ilaha ill Allah" (Arabic: {{iarabic|لا اله الّا الله}}) (there is no god except Allah) before their death. He whose last word is "la ilaha ill Allah" will go to the [[Heaven]]." According to Shiite sources, the testimony for [[imamate]] comes after the testimony for [[tawhid]] and also [[prophecy]] of the Prophet (s). | ||
==Procedures | ==Procedures== | ||
[[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] devised a procedure for talqin in his ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' on the basis of [[hadith]]s. The same procedure is also cited in the addenda of ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]''. Here is the procedure: | [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] devised a procedure for talqin in his ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' on the basis of [[hadith]]s. The same procedure is also cited in the addenda of ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]''. Here is the procedure: | ||
When the corpse is placed inside the grave, the knots of the shroud should be untied and soil should be placed on the corpse's face with a headrest of soil and some clod on its back. And before filling the tomb with soil, one should put his hand on the corpse's shoulder, approaching his mouth to the corpse's ears, and while shaking the corpse, recite the following supplication three times. | When the corpse is placed inside the grave, the knots of the shroud should be untied and soil should be placed on the corpse's face with a headrest of soil and some clod on its back. And before filling the tomb with soil, one should put his hand on the corpse's shoulder, approaching his mouth to the corpse's ears, and while shaking the corpse, recite the following supplication three times. | ||
== | ==Text== | ||
In the following supplication, instead of "such and such son of such and sun" the names of the deceased and his father should be mentioned; for example, if his name is Muhammad and his father's name is 'Ali, then the following should be recited three times: "Listen! Understand! O' Muhammad son of 'Ali". And if the deceased is female, then the relevant nouns and pronouns should be feminine without any other changes. Thus the deceased's name and her father's name should be mentioned: "such and such daughter of such and such". | In the following supplication, instead of "such and such son of such and sun" the names of the deceased and his father should be mentioned; for example, if his name is Muhammad and his father's name is 'Ali, then the following should be recited three times: "Listen! Understand! O' Muhammad son of 'Ali". And if the deceased is female, then the relevant nouns and pronouns should be feminine without any other changes. Thus the deceased's name and her father's name should be mentioned: "such and such daughter of such and such". | ||
=== | ===For Men=== | ||
{{text and translation | |||
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| | |اِسْمَعْ اِفْهَمْ یا فُلانَ بْنَ فُلان | ||
! | |Listen! Understand! O' ... (here the name of the male dead person and his father should be called)! | ||
|- | |هَلْ انْتَ عَلَی الْعَهْدِ الَّذِی فَارَقْتَنا عَلَیهِ مِنْ شَهَادَةِ انْ لٰا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَریکَ لَهُ وَ انَّ مُحَمَّداً صَلّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ سَیدُ النَّبِیینَ وَ خاتَمُ الْمُرْسَلِینَ و انَّ عَلِیاً أَمیرُ الْمُؤمِنینَ وَ سَیدُ الْوصِیینَ وَ امامٌ افْتَرَضَ اللّٰهُ طاعَتَهُ عَلَی الْعٰالَمِینَ وَ انَّ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَینَ وَ عَلِی بْنَ الْحُسَینِ وَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِی وَ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مُوسَی بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ وَ عَلِی بن مُوسیٰ وَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِی وَ عَلی بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلی وَ الْقٰائِمَ الْحُجَّةَ الْمَهْدِی صَلَواتُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیهِمْ ائِمَّةُ الْمُؤمِنینَ وَ حُجَجُ اللّٰهِ عَلَی الْخَلْقِ أَجْمَعِینَ وَ ائِمَّتُکَ ائِمَّةُ هُدی بِکَ ابْرارٌ | ||
| | |Do you still keep the promise that you did when you left us? The testimony that there is no god except Allah who has no partners and that Muhammad—peace be upon him and his progeny—is His servant and His prophet and the leader of the prophets and the seal of the messengers, and that 'Ali (a) is the commander of the believers and the leader of [the Prophet (s)'s] successors and an Imam that God has obliged the world to obey, and that Hasan and Husayn and 'Ali b. Husayn and Muhammad b. 'Ali and Ja'far b. Muhammad and Musa b. Ja'far and 'Ali b. Musa and Muhammad b. 'Ali and 'Ali b. Muhammad and Hasan b. 'Ali and Mahdi, the Qa'im and Hujja, God's peace be upon them all, are the leaders of the believers and God's proofs (hujaj) to the whole creation and your good Imams who guide you. | ||
|یا فُلانَ بْنَ فُلانٍ | |||
|O' ... (here the name of the male dead person and his father should be called)! | |||
|اذا اتٰاکَ الْمَلَکٰانِ الْمُقَرَّبٰانِ رَسُولَینِ مِنْ عِندِ اللّٰهِ تَبٰارَکَ وَ تَعٰالَی وَ سَأَلاکَ عَنْ رَبِّکَ وَ عَنْ نَبِیکَ وَ عَنْ دِینکَ وَ عَنْ کِتابِکَ وَ عَنْ قِبْلَتِکَ وَ عَنْ ائِمَّتِکَ فَلا تَخَفْ وَ لا تَحْزَنْ وَ قُلْ فِی جَوابِهِما اللّٰهُ رَبّی وَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ نَبِیی وَ الإِسْلامُ دِینِی وَ الْقُرْآنُ کِتٰابِی وَ الْکَعْبَةُ قِبْلَتِی وَ امیرُ الْمُؤمِنینَ عَلِی بْنُ أبی طٰالِبٍ امٰامی وَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِی الُمجْتَبیٰ امٰامی وَ الْحُسَینُ بْنُ عَلِی الشَّهیدُ بِکَرْبَلاءَ امٰامِی وَ عَلِی زَینُ الْعٰابِدِینَ امَامِی وَ مُحَمَّدٌ البِاقِرُ امَامِی وَ جَعْفَرٌ الصّادِقُ امَامِی وَ مُوسَی الکاظِمُ إِمامی وَ عَلِی الرِّضٰا إِمامی و مُحَمَّدٌ الجَوادُ إِمامی و عَلی الْهَادِی امَامِی وَ الْحَسَنُ الْعَسْکَری امَامِی وَ الْحُجَّةُ الْمُنْتَظَرُ امٰامی هٰؤُلٰاءِ صَلَواتُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیهِمْ أَجْمَعِینَ ائِمَّتِی وَ سَادَتِی وَ قَادَتِی وَ شُفَعَائِی بِهِمْ أَتَولَّی وَ مِنْ اعدائِهِمْ أَتَبَرَّأُ فِی الدُّنْیا وَ الآخِرَةِ | |||
|When the two angels come to you, those who are close to God and are messengers from God, the blessed and the exalted, and ask you about your Lord and your prophet and your religion and your book and your [[qibla]] and your imams, do not be afraid and do not worry, and reply to them: Allah is my lord, and Muhammad—peace be upon him and his progeny—is my prophet, and Islam is my religion, and the [[Quran]] is my book, and the [[Ka'ba]] is my qibla, and Amir al-Mu'minin 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) is my Imam, and Hasan b. 'Ali al-Mujtaba is my Imam, and Husayn b. 'Ali who was martyred in [[Karbala]] is my Imam, and 'Ali Zayn al-'Abidin (a) is my Imam, and Muhammad al-Baqir (a) is my Imam, and Ja'far al-Sadiq (a) is my Imam, and Musa al-Kazim (a) is my Imam, and 'Ali al-Rida (a) is my Imam, and Muhammad al-Jawad (a) is my Imam, 'Ali al-Hadi (a) is my Imam, and Hasan al-'Askari (a) is my Imam, and the expected Hujja (a) is my Imam. These are my Imams and masters and leaders and intercessors, peace be upon them. I befriend them and hate their enemies in this world and the afterlife. | |||
|ثُمَّ اعْلَمْ یا فُلانَ بْنَ فُلان | |||
|And then be aware, O' ... (here the name of the male dead person and his father should be called)! | |||
|انَّ اللّٰهَ تَبَارَکَ وَ تَعَالَی نِعْمَ الرَّبُّ وَ انَّ مُحَمَّداً صَلَّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ نِعْمَ الرَّسُولُ وَ انَّ عَلِی بْنَ أَبِی طالِبٍ وَ اوْلادَهُ الْمَعْصُومینَ الْأَئِمَّةَ الْاثْنَی عَشَرَ نِعْمَ الْأئِمَّةُ وَ انَّ مٰا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ حَقٌ وَ انَّ الْمَوْتَ حَقٌ وَ سُؤٰالَ مُنْکَرٍ وَ نَکیرٍ فِی القَبْرِ حَقٌّ وَ الْبَعْثَ حَقٌّ النُّشُورَ حَقٌّ وَ الصِّرٰاطَ حَقٌّ وَ الْمِیزٰانَ حَقٌّ وَ تَطٰایرَ الْکُتُبِ حَقٌّ وَ انَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ وَ النّٰارَ حَقُّ وَ انَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِیةٌ لا رَیبَ فِیهَا وَ انَّ اللّٰهَ یبْعَثُ مَنْ فِی الْقُبُورِ | |||
|Verily God, the blessed and the exalted, is a good Lord, and that Muhammad (s), peace be upon him and his progeny, is a good prophet, and that 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) and his Infallible progeny, the twelve Imams, are good Imams, and what Muhammad, peace be upon him and his progeny, brought is true, and that death is true, and the questioning of Nakir and Munkar in the grave is true, and that the Heaven is true, and that the Hell is true, and that the Dooms Day indubitably arrives, and that God resurrects people from the graves. | |||
|أَ فَهِمْتَ یا فُلانُ ثَبَّتَکَ اللّٰهُ بِالْقَولِ الثَّابِتِ وَ هَداک اللّٰهُ إِلَی صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِیمٍ عَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ بَینَکَ وَ بَینَ اوْلیٰائِکَ فی مُسْتَقَرٍّ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ. اللّٰهُمَّ جَافِ الْأَرْضَ عَنْ جَنْبَیهِ وَ اصْعَدْ بِرُوحِهِ الَیکَ وَ لَقِّهِ مِنکَ بُرهَاناً اللّٰهُمَّ عَفوَکَ عَفْوَک | |||
|Did you understand, O' ... (here the name of the male dead person should be called)?! May God keep you steadfast with a firm speech and guide you to a straight path. May God acquaint you and your friends in a residence of His mercy. O' God! Widen the earth on his both sides and elevate his soul to you and show him a proof from you. O' God! Your forgiveness! Your forgiveness! | |||
}} | |||
هَلْ | ===For Women=== | ||
{{text and translation | |||
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| اِسْمَعی اِفْهَمی یا فُلانَة بنت فُلان | |||
| Listen! Understand! O' ... (here the name of the female dead person and his father should be called)! | |||
|هَلْ انْتِ عَلَی الْعَهْدِ الَّذِی فَارَقْتِنا عَلَیهِ مِنْ شَهَادَةِ انْ لٰا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَریکَ لَهُ وَ انَّ مُحَمَّداً صَلّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسُولُهُ وَ سَیدُ النَّبِیینَ وَ خاتَمُ الْمُرْسَلِینَ و انَّ عَلِیاً أَمیرُ الْمُؤمِنینَ وَ سَیدُ الْوصِیینَ وَ امامٌ افْتَرَضَ اللّٰهُ طاعَتَهُ عَلَی الْعٰالَمِینَ وَ انَّ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَینَ وَ عَلِی بْنَ الْحُسَینِ وَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِی وَ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ مُوسَی بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ وَ عَلِی بن مُوسیٰ وَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِی وَ عَلی بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلی وَ الْقٰائِمَ الْحُجَّةَ الْمَهْدِی صَلَواتُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیهِمْ ائِمَّةُ الْمُؤمِنینَ وَ حُجَجُ اللّٰهِ عَلَی الْخَلْقِ أَجْمَعِینَ وَ ائِمَّتُکِ ائِمَّةُ هُدی بِکِ ابْرارٌ | |||
|Do you still keep the promise that you did when you left us? The testimony that there is no god except Allah who has no partners and that Muhammad—peace be upon him and his progeny—is His servant and His prophet and the leader of the prophets and the seal of the messengers, and that 'Ali (a) is the ruler of the believers and the leader of [the Prophet (s)'s] successors and an Imam that God has obliged the world to obey, and that Hasan and Husayn and 'Ali b. Husayn and Muhammad b. 'Ali and Ja'far b. Muhammad and Musa b. Ja'far and 'Ali b. Musa and Muhammad b. 'Ali and 'Ali b. Muhammad and Hasan b. 'Ali and Mahdi, the Qa'im and Hujja, God's peace be upon them all, are the leaders of the believers and God's proof (hujja) to the whole creation and your Imams who guide you and are beneficent. | |||
|یا فُلانَة بنت فُلانٍ | |||
|O'... (here the name of the female dead person and his father should be called)! | |||
|اذا اتٰاکِ الْمَلَکٰانِ الْمُقَرَّبٰانِ رَسُولَینِ مِنْ عِندِ اللّٰهِ تَبٰارَکَ وَ تَعٰالَی وَ سَأَلاکِ عَنْ رَبِّکِ وَ عَنْ نَبِیکِ وَ عَنْ دِینکِ وَ عَنْ کِتابِکِ وَ عَنْ قِبْلَتِکِ وَ عَنْ ائِمَّتِکِ فَلا تَخَفی وَ لا تَحْزَنی وَ قولی فِی جَوابِهِما اللّٰهُ رَبّی وَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ نَبِیی وَ الإِسْلامُ دِینِی وَ الْقُرْآنُ کِتٰابِی وَ الْکَعْبَةُ قِبْلَتِی وَ امیرُ الْمُؤمِنینَ عَلِی بْنُ أبی طٰالِبٍ امٰامی وَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِی الُمجْتَبیٰ امٰامی وَ الْحُسَینُ بْنُ عَلِی الشَّهیدُ بِکَرْبَلاءَ امٰامِی وَ عَلِی زَینُ الْعٰابِدِینَ امَامِی وَ مُحَمَّدٌ البِاقِرُ امَامِی وَ جَعْفَرٌ الصّادِقُ امَامِی وَ مُوسَی الکاظِمُ إِمامی وَ عَلِی الرِّضٰا إِمامی و مُحَمَّدٌ الجَوادُ إِمامی و عَلی الْهَادِی امَامِی وَ الْحَسَنُ الْعَسْکَری امَامِی وَ الْحُجَّةُ الْمُنْتَظَرُ امٰامی هٰؤُلٰاءِ صَلَواتُ اللّٰهِ عَلَیهِمْ أَجْمَعِینَ ائِمَّتِی وَ سَادَتِی وَ قَادَتِی وَ شُفَعَائِی بِهِمْ أَتَولَّی وَ مِنْ اعدائِهِمْ أَتَبَرَّأُ فِی الدُّنْیا وَ الآخِرَةِ | |||
|When the two angels come to you, those who are close to God and are messengers from God, the blessed and the exalted, and ask you about your Lord and your prophet and your religion and your book and your [[qibla]] and your imams, do not be afraid and do not worry, and reply to them: Allah is my lord, and Muhammad—peace be upon him and his progeny—is my prophet, and Islam is my religion, and the [[Quran]] is my book, and the [[Ka'ba]] is my qibla, and Amir al-Mu'minin 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) is my Imam, and Hasan b. 'Ali al-Mujtaba is my Imam, and Husayn b. 'Ali who was martyred in [[Karbala]] is my Imam, and 'Ali Zayn al-'Abidin (a) is my Imam, and Muhammad al-Baqir (a) is my Imam, and Ja'far al-Sadiq (a) is my Imam, and Musa al-Kazim (a) is my Imam, and 'Ali al-Rida (a) is my Imam, and Muhammad al-Jawad (a) is my Imam, 'Ali al-Hadi (a) is my Imam, and Hasan al-'Askari (a) is my Imam, and the expected Hujja (a) is my Imam. These are my Imams and masters and leaders and intercessors, peace be upon them. I befriend them and hate their enemies in this world and the afterlife. | |||
|ثُمَّ اعْلَمی یا فُلانَة بنت فُلان | |||
|And then be aware, O' ...(here the name of the female dead person and his father should be called)! | |||
|انَّ اللّٰهَ تَبَارَکَ وَ تَعَالَی نِعْمَ الرَّبُّ وَ انَّ مُحَمَّداً صَلَّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ نِعْمَ الرَّسُولُ وَ انَّ عَلِی بْنَ أَبِی طالِبٍ وَ اوْلادَهُ الْمَعْصُومینَ الْأَئِمَّةَ الْاثْنَی عَشَرَ نِعْمَ الْأئِمَّةُ وَ انَّ مٰا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّی اللّٰهُ عَلَیهِ وَ آلِهِ حَقٌ وَ انَّ الْمَوْتَ حَقٌ وَ سُؤٰالَ مُنْکَرٍ وَ نَکیرٍ فِی القَبْرِ حَقٌّ وَ الْبَعْثَ حَقٌّ النُّشُورَ حَقٌّ وَ الصِّرٰاطَ حَقٌّ وَ الْمِیزٰانَ حَقٌّ وَ تَطٰایرَ الْکُتُبِ حَقٌّ وَ انَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ وَ النّٰارَ حَقُّ وَ انَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِیةٌ لا رَیبَ فِیهَا وَ انَّ اللّٰهَ یبْعَثُ مَنْ فِی الْقُبُورِ | |||
|Verily God, the blessed and the exalted, is a good Lord, and that Muhammad (s), peace be upon him and his progeny, is a good prophet, and that 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a) and his Infallible progeny, the twelve Imams, are good Imams, and what Muhammad, peace be upon him and his progeny, brought is true, and that death is true, and the questioning of Nakir and Munkar in the grave is true, and that the Heaven is true, and that the Hell is true, and that the Dooms Day indubitably arrives, and that God resurrects people inside the graves. | |||
|أَ فَهِمْتِ یا فُلانة ثَبَّتَکِ اللّٰهُ بِالْقَولِ الثَّابِتِ وَ هَداکِ اللّٰهُ إِلَی صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِیمٍ عَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ بَینَکِ وَ بَینَ اوْلیٰائِکَ فی مُسْتَقَرٍّ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ. اللّٰهُمَّ جَافِ الْأَرْضَ عَنْ جَنْبَیها وَ اصْعَدْ بِرُوحِها الَیکَ وَ لَقِّها مِنکَ بُرهَاناً اللّٰهُمَّ عَفوَکَ عَفْوَک | |||
|Did you understand, O' ... (here the name of the female dead person should be called)?! May God keep you steadfast with a firm speech and guide you to a straight path. May God acquaint you and your friends in a residence of His mercy. O' God! Widen the earth on her both sides and elevate her soul to you and show her a proof from you. O' God! Your forgiveness! Your forgiveness!}} | |||
==Effect== | |||
According to [[hadiths]], talqin and similar practices help one after their death, though they do not have a decisive role. The main decisive factor in one's life after death is their own deeds and beliefs throughout their worldly lives. Some misdeeds may neutralize the effects of talqin, as [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] is reported to say: "at the time of the [[Prophet (s)]], a man from [[Medina]] was sick and about to die, and he lost his ability to talk. The Prophet (s) went to him and told him: "say that there is no god except Allah". The man could not reiterate the phrase. There was a woman there. The Prophet (s) asked her: "is his mother still alive?" She replied: "I am his mother." The Prophet (s) told her: "are you satisfied with him?" "No", she answered. The Prophet (s) asked her to forgive him, and she did so. Then the Prophet (s) told him to say "La ilaha ill Allah" (there is no god except Allah), and this time he could reiterate it. | |||
==References== | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [[:fa:تلقین میت|تلقین میت]] in Farsi WikiShia. | |||
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[[fa:تلقین میت]] | [[fa:تلقین میت]] | ||
[[tr:Telkin]] | [[tr:Telkin]] | ||
[[Category:Supererogatory deeds]] | [[Category:Supererogatory deeds]] | ||
[[Category:Burial rituals]] | |||