Anonymous user
Holy Shrine of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a): Difference between revisions
Holy Shrine of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a) (view source)
Revision as of 15:06, 10 December 2017
, 10 December 2017wikicheck
imported>S.J.Mosavi mNo edit summary |
imported>Mohammad.Kh m (wikicheck) |
||
Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
[[File:ایوان حرم حضرت زینب.jpg|280px|thumbnail|Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]]] | [[File:ایوان حرم حضرت زینب.jpg|280px|thumbnail|Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]]] | ||
'''The holy shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)''' is one of the places said to be the burial | '''The holy shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)''' is one of the places said to be the burial place of [[Lady Zaynab (a)]], daughter of [[Imam Ali (a)]], located in south of [[Damascus]] in [[Syria]]. This place is among pilgrimage sites for [[Shia]]. The area in which the shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) is located, has been a village called Rawiya. Now, this area is called al-Sayyida Zaynab town and known to Iranians as "Zaynabiyya". | ||
The shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) has been | The shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) has been reconstructed and expanded several times during history. Since 2012, after the crisis worsened in Syria and [[Takfiri]] terrorists emerged in this country, this holy shrine was attacked by mortars and suicide bombings several times and some parts of the shrine were destroyed. Following these attacks, different groups of people went to Syria to defend the shrines of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. These groups known as "Mudafi'an-i Haram" (defenders of the shrine) have so far (2016) prevented terrorist groups attack the holy shrine of Lady Zaynab (s). | ||
== History of the Shrine == | == History of the Shrine == | ||
According to researches, there is no source available until 5th/[[11th century]] to show that there was a tomb or dome built upon the burial place of [[Lady Zaynab (a)]]. Only one source in 2nd/[[8th century]] refers to the existence of a pilgrimage | According to researches, there is no source available until 5th/[[11th century]] to show that there was a tomb or dome built upon the burial place of [[Lady Zaynab (a)]]. Only one source in 2nd/[[8th century]] refers to the existence of a pilgrimage site at the current location. According to the report of a woman related to [[Alawi]] families called [[Sayyida Nafisa]] bt. Hasan al-Anwar, a descendant of [[Imam Ali (a)]]; in [[193]]/808-9, she visited the pilgrimage site for Lady Zaynab (a) in Rawiya of [[Damascus]]. After this date, there is another report in [[500]]/1106-7 which mentions that a person from [[Aleppo]] built a [[mosque]] at the pilgrimage site for Lady Zaynab (a) in that year. | ||
However, after 7th/[[13th century]], a shrine and dome have been built at this location. Also, when Ibn Jubayr (d. [[614]]/1217-8), the famous tourist of the Islamic world, travelled to Damascus, he passed by Rawiya region and the current location of the shrine. In his report, he mentioned that the shrine belonged to [[Umm Kulthum bt. 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)|Umm Kulthum]], daughter of Imam Ali (a). However, there is a possibility that Ibn Jubayr meant the second daughter of Imam Ali (a) which is [[Zaynab al-Sughra]], not Lady Zaynab (s) who is [[Zaynab al-Kubra]]. | However, after 7th/[[13th century]], a shrine and dome have been built at this location. Also, when Ibn Jubayr (d. [[614]]/1217-8), the famous tourist of the Islamic world, travelled to Damascus, he passed by Rawiya region and the current location of the shrine. In his report, he mentioned that the shrine belonged to [[Umm Kulthum bt. 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)|Umm Kulthum]], daughter of Imam Ali (a). However, there is a possibility that Ibn Jubayr meant the second daughter of Imam Ali (a) which is [[Zaynab al-Sughra]], not Lady Zaynab (s) who is [[Zaynab al-Kubra]]. | ||
In his report, Ibn Jubayr mentions the existence of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) in the village of Rawiya, about 6 kilometers (a parasang) away from [[Damascus]] and says, "a large mosque is built there and there are houses outside it. There are also dedicated lands around it. People know these regions as the grave of Umm Kulthum." He finally mentions that he stayed there and visited the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a). Abu Bakr al-Hirawi (d. [[611]]/1214-5) also visited the shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) and has a report about it. | In his report, Ibn Jubayr mentions the existence of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) in the village of Rawiya, about 6 kilometers (a [[parasang]]) away from [[Damascus]] and says, "a large mosque is built there and there are houses outside it. There are also dedicated lands around it. People know these regions as the grave of Umm Kulthum." He finally mentions that he stayed there and visited the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a). Abu Bakr al-Hirawi (d. [[611]]/1214-5) also visited the shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) and has a report about it. | ||
== Its Locations and Description == | == Its Locations and Description == | ||
[[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-3.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Aerial view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | [[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-3.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Aerial view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | ||
The holy shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) is located in the south of [[Damascus]], in a region called al-Sayyida Zaynab (a). This region is part of Reef Damascus province. The building of shrine includes a great courtyard | The holy shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) is located in the south of [[Damascus]], in a region called al-Sayyida Zaynab (a). This region is part of Reef Damascus province. The building of shrine includes a great square-shaped courtyard and the tomb is located at its center, which has a dome and two tall minarets. The minarets and walls of the courtyard and inside areas are tiled by [[Iran]]ian tile-work artists. | ||
[[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-4.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Interior view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | [[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-4.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Interior view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | ||
The ceiling and inside of the walls of the shrine have mirror works. The dome is gold plated. | The ceiling and inside of the walls of the shrine have mirror works. The dome is gold plated. | ||
In the area of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) and the cemeteries around it, some [[Shia]] scholars and famous people are buried. For example, in the entrance corridor to the west courtyard, the graves of [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Sayyid Muhsin Amin al-'Amili]] and [[Sayyid Husayn Makki al-'Amili]], the two Shia schoalrs from [[Syria]] are located. In the cemetery at the north of the shrine, the grave of Dr. [[Ali Shari'ati]] is there. Also, in another cemetery in the south of the shrine, the grave of Sayyid Mustafa Jamal al-Din, the contemporary [[Iraq]]i poet is located. | In the area of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) and the cemeteries around it, some [[Shia]] scholars and famous people are buried. For example, in the entrance corridor to the west courtyard, the graves of [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin al-'Amili]] and [[Sayyid Husayn Makki al-'Amili]], the two Shia schoalrs from [[Syria]] are located. In the cemetery at the north of the shrine, the grave of Dr. [[Ali Shari'ati]] is there. Also, in another cemetery in the south of the shrine, the grave of Sayyid Mustafa Jamal al-Din, the contemporary [[Iraq]]i poet is located. | ||
== Takfiri Terrorist Attacks == | == Takfiri Terrorist Attacks == | ||
Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
== "Mudafi'an-i Haram" ("Defenders of the Shrine") == | == "Mudafi'an-i Haram" ("Defenders of the Shrine") == | ||
{{main|Mudafi'an-i Haram}} | {{main|Mudafi'an-i Haram}} | ||
After great distribution of Takfiri terrorists in Syria and taking different regions of the country, many pilgrimage | After great distribution of Takfiri terrorists in Syria and taking different regions of the country, many pilgrimage sites in regions under their control were demolished by their agents. Meanwhile, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was several times hit by Takfiri terrorists' mortar and suicide attacks. Takfiri terrorists several times advanced near the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), but they moved back after encountering the resistance of [[Shia]] and residents of the region. | ||
Following Takfiri terrorists' threat to demolish the shrines of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and especially the shrine of Lady Zaynab, many groups of Shia from other countries, especially [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Afghanistan]] went to Syria in order to defend the shrines of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and pilgrimage | Following Takfiri terrorists' threat to demolish the shrines of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and especially the shrine of Lady Zaynab, many groups of Shia from other countries, especially [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Afghanistan]] went to Syria in order to defend the shrines of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and pilgrimage sites. Also, different groups from Iran went to Syria to defend the shrine, among which there were military counselors as well. | ||
== Expansion and Reconstruction == | == Expansion and Reconstruction == | ||
* According to reports, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was first expanded and reconstructed in [[768]]/1366-7 by Sayyid Husayn b. Musa Musawi Husayni who was one of the [[Sayyid]]s and noble ones in Damascus and the forefather of [[Al Murtada]] in Syria. | * According to reports, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was first expanded and reconstructed in [[768]]/1366-7 by Sayyid Husayn b. Musa Musawi Husayni who was one of the [[Sayyid]]s and noble ones in Damascus and the forefather of [[Al Murtada]] in Syria. | ||
* In [[1302]]/1884-5, the shrine was rebuilt and expanded by Sultan 'Abd al-'Aziz Khan 'Uthmani and the | * In [[1302]]/1884-5, the shrine was rebuilt and expanded by Sultan 'Abd al-'Aziz Khan 'Uthmani and the support of merchants. | ||
* In [[1354]]/1935-6, Sayyids of [[Al Nizam]] reconstructed the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) and for the comfort of its visitors, expanded it. | * In [[1354]]/1935-6, Sayyids of [[Al Nizam]] reconstructed the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) and for the comfort of its visitors, expanded it. | ||
[[File:تصویر قدیمی از حرم.jpg|220px|thumbnail|An old photo of the Shrine that is taken in 1955]] | [[File:تصویر قدیمی از حرم.jpg|220px|thumbnail|An old photo of the Shrine that is taken in 1955]] | ||
* Expansion of the shrine in [[1370]]/1950 was made by [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Allama al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] and with the | * Expansion of the shrine in [[1370]]/1950 was made by [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Allama al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] and with the support of merchants. At that time, the old building was destroyed and the new building was made so that the courtyard and the interior areas could be expanded. | ||
* The expansion of the Shrine of Lady Zaynab continued in 15th/21st century by the construction of the Musalla (Prayer Hall) of Zaynabiyya. It was made by [[Sayyid Ahmad Fihri Zanjani]], the representative of [[Sayyid 'Ali Husayni Khamenei|Iran's Supreme Leader]]. After building Musalla in the shrine, performing [[congregational prayer]], reciting [[Kumayl Supplication]] and performing the [[Friday prayer]] are made there. Recently, a new courtyard has also been built in the north of the shrine. | * The expansion of the Shrine of Lady Zaynab continued in 15th/21st century by the construction of the Musalla (Prayer Hall) of Zaynabiyya. It was made by [[Sayyid Ahmad Fihri Zanjani]], the representative of [[Sayyid 'Ali Husayni Khamenei|Iran's Supreme Leader]]. After building Musalla in the shrine, performing [[congregational prayer]], reciting [[Kumayl Supplication]] and performing the [[Friday prayer]] are made there. Recently, a new courtyard has also been built in the north of the shrine. | ||
* Reconstruction of the shrine after the attacks of [[Takfiri]] terrorist groups: following the increase of Takfiri terrorist groups' mortar and suicide attacks to the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), some parts of the dome, courtyards and the | * Reconstruction of the shrine after the attacks of [[Takfiri]] terrorist groups: following the increase of Takfiri terrorist groups' mortar and suicide attacks to the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), some parts of the dome, courtyards and the gates were damaged. Therefore, the committee for reconstruction of Great Shrines consider the plan of repairing and reconstructing the dome and the gates of the shrine which had more damages. Thus, the damaged spots were repaired using the golds donated by the people of [[Khuzestan province]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
[[Category:Lady Zaynab (a)]] | [[Category:Lady Zaynab (a)]] | ||
[[Category:Damascus]] | [[Category:Damascus]] | ||
[[Category:Syria]] |