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Holy Shrine of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a): Difference between revisions
Holy Shrine of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a) (view source)
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'''The holy shrine of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a)''' is the most famous site said to be the burial place of [[Lady Zaynab (a)]], daughter of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Lady Fatimah (a)]], located in south of [[Damascus]] in [[Syria]]. [[Maqam of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a) (Egypt)|Maqam of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a) in Egypt]] and [[Al-Baqi'|Al-Baqi' cemetery]] in [[Medina]] are the two other possible sites that have been mentioned as the burial place of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a). | '''The holy shrine of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a)''' is the most famous site said to be the burial place of [[Lady Zaynab (a)]], daughter of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Lady Fatimah (a)]], located in south of [[Damascus]] in [[Syria]]. [[Maqam of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a) (Egypt)|Maqam of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a) in Egypt]] and [[Al-Baqi'|Al-Baqi' cemetery]] in [[Medina]] are the two other possible sites that have been mentioned as the burial place of al-Sayyida Zaynab (a). | ||
This place is among pilgrimage sites for [[Shi'a]]. The area | This place is among pilgrimage sites for [[Shi'a]]. The area where the shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) is located has been a village called Rawiya. Now, this area is called al-Sayyida Zaynab town. | ||
The shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) has been reconstructed and expanded several times during history. Since 2012, after the crisis worsened in Syria and [[Takfir|Takfiri]] terrorists emerged in this country, this holy shrine was attacked by mortars and suicide bombings several times and some parts of the shrine were destroyed. Following these attacks, different groups of people went to Syria to defend the shrines of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. These groups known as | The shrine of Lady Zaynab (s) has been reconstructed and expanded several times during history. Since 2012, after the crisis worsened in Syria and [[Takfir|Takfiri]] terrorists emerged in this country, this holy shrine was attacked by mortars and suicide bombings several times and some parts of the shrine were destroyed. Following these attacks, different groups of people went to Syria to defend the shrines of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. These groups, known as defenders of the shrine, prevented terrorist groups from attacking the shrine of al-Sayyida Zaynab (s). | ||
== History of the Shrine == | == History of the Shrine == | ||
According to researches, there is no source available until the fifth/[[eleventh]] century to show that there was a tomb or dome built upon the burial place of [[al-Sayyida Zaynab (a)]]. Only one source in the second/[[eighth]] century refers to the existence of a pilgrimage site at the current location. According to the report, a woman related to [[Alids]] families called [[Al-Sayyida Nafisa|Al-Sayyida Nafisa bt. al-Hasan al-Anwar]], a descendant of [[Imam Ali (a)]] in [[193]]/808-9 visited the pilgrimage site of Lady Zaynab (a) in Rawiya of Damascus.<ref>Qurashī, ''al-Sayyida al-Ziynab'', p. 298-303.</ref> After this date, there is another report in [[500]]/1106-7 which mentions that a person from [[Aleppo]] built a [[mosque]] at the pilgrimage site for Lady Zaynab (a) in that year. | According to researches, there is no source available until the fifth/[[eleventh]] century to show that there was a tomb or dome built upon the burial place of [[al-Sayyida Zaynab (a)]]. Only one source in the second/[[eighth]] century refers to the existence of a pilgrimage site at the current location. According to the report, a woman related to [[Alids]] families called [[Al-Sayyida Nafisa|Al-Sayyida Nafisa bt. al-Hasan al-Anwar]], a descendant of [[Imam Ali (a)]] in [[193]]/808-9 visited the pilgrimage site of Lady Zaynab (a) in Rawiya of Damascus.<ref>Qurashī, ''al-Sayyida al-Ziynab'', p. 298-303.</ref> After this date, there is another report in [[500]]/1106-7 which mentions that a person from [[Aleppo]] built a [[mosque]] at the pilgrimage site for Lady Zaynab (a) in that year. | ||
However, after the seventh/[[thirteenth]] century, a shrine and dome have been built at this location. Also, when Ibn Jubayr (d. [[614]]/1217-8), the famous | However, after the seventh/[[thirteenth]] century, a shrine and dome have been built at this location. Also, when Ibn Jubayr (d. [[614]]/1217-8), the famous traveler of the Islamic world, traveled to Damascus, he passed by the Rawiya region and the current location of the shrine. In his report, he mentioned that the shrine belonged to [[Umm Kulthum bt. 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a)|Umm Kulthum]], daughter of Imam Ali (a). However, there is a possibility that Ibn Jubayr meant the second daughter of Imam Ali (a), which is [[Zaynab al-Sughra]], not Lady Zaynab (s) who is [[Zaynab al-Kubra]].<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr'', p. 228.</ref> | ||
In his report, Ibn Jubayr mentions the existence of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) in the village of Rawiya, about six kilometers (a [[parasang]]) away from [[Damascus]] and says, "A large mosque is built there and there are houses outside it. There are also dedicated lands around it. People know these regions as the grave of Umm Kulthum." He finally mentions that he stayed there and visited the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a). | In his report, Ibn Jubayr mentions the existence of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) in the village of Rawiya, about six kilometers (a [[parasang]]) away from [[Damascus]] and says, "A large mosque is built there and there are houses outside it. There are also dedicated lands around it. People know these regions as the grave of Umm Kulthum." He finally mentions that he stayed there and visited the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a). | ||
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== Its Locations and Description == | == Its Locations and Description == | ||
[[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-3.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Aerial view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | [[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-3.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Aerial view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | ||
The holy shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) is located in the south of Damascus, in a region called al-Sayyida Zaynab (a). This region is part of Reef Damascus province. The building | The holy shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) is located in the south of Damascus, in a region called al-Sayyida Zaynab (a). This region is part of Reef Damascus province. The shrine's building includes a great square-shaped courtyard and the tomb is located at its center, which has a dome and two tall minarets. The minarets and walls of the courtyard and inside areas are tiled by [[Iran]]ian tile-work artists. | ||
[[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-4.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Interior view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | [[File:Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)-4.jpg|220px|thumbnail|Interior view of the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a)]] | ||
The ceiling and inside of the walls of the shrine have mirror works. The dome is gold plated. | The ceiling and inside of the walls of the shrine have mirror works. The dome is gold-plated. | ||
In the area of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) and the cemeteries around it, some [[Shi'a]] scholars and famous people are buried. For example, in the entrance corridor to the west courtyard, the graves of [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin al-'Amili]] and [[Sayyid Husayn Makki al-'Amili]], the two Shia scholars from [[Syria]] are located. In the cemetery at the north of the shrine, the grave of Dr. [[Ali Shari'ati]] is there. Also, in another cemetery in the south of the shrine, the grave of Sayyid Mustafa Jamal al-Din, the contemporary [[Iraq]]i poet is located. | In the area of the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) and the cemeteries around it, some [[Shi'a]] scholars and famous people are buried. For example, in the entrance corridor to the west courtyard, the graves of [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin al-'Amili]] and [[Sayyid Husayn Makki al-'Amili]], the two Shia scholars from [[Syria]] are located. In the cemetery at the north of the shrine, the grave of Dr. [[Ali Shari'ati]] is there. Also, in another cemetery in the south of the shrine, the grave of Sayyid Mustafa Jamal al-Din, the contemporary [[Iraq]]i poet is located. | ||
== Takfiri Terrorist Attacks == | == Takfiri Terrorist Attacks == | ||
With the beginning of crisis in [[Syria]] and increasing actions of [[Takfiri]] terrorist groups in this country after 2012, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was many times hit by these groups' mortar and suicide attacks. Terrorist attacks from 2012 to 2015 led to damages to some parts of the shrine including the dome, courtyard and main gates of the shrine. Some of these attacks happened in surroundings of the shrine which led to martyrdom of some visitors and residents around the shrine. | With the beginning of the crisis in [[Syria]] and increasing actions of [[Takfiri]] terrorist groups in this country after 2012, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was many times hit by these groups' mortar and suicide attacks. Terrorist attacks from 2012 to 2015 led to damages to some parts of the shrine including the dome, courtyard, and main gates of the shrine. Some of these attacks happened in the surroundings of the shrine which led to the martyrdom of some visitors and residents around the shrine. | ||
== "Mudafi'an-i Haram" ("Defenders of the Shrine") == | == "Mudafi'an-i Haram" ("Defenders of the Shrine") == | ||
{{main|Mudafi'an-i Haram}} | {{main|Mudafi'an-i Haram}} | ||
After great distribution of Takfiri terrorists in Syria and taking different regions of the country, many pilgrimage sites in regions under their control were demolished by their agents. Meanwhile, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was several times hit by Takfiri terrorists' mortar and suicide attacks. Takfiri terrorists several times advanced near the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), but they moved back after encountering the resistance of [[Shi'a]] and residents of the region. | After the great distribution of Takfiri terrorists in Syria and taking different regions of the country, many pilgrimage sites in regions under their control were demolished by their agents. Meanwhile, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was several times hit by Takfiri terrorists' mortar and suicide attacks. Takfiri terrorists several times advanced near the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), but they moved back after encountering the resistance of [[Shi'a]] and residents of the region. | ||
Following Takfiri terrorists' threat to demolish the shrines of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and especially the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), many groups of Shi'a from other countries, especially [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Afghanistan]] went to Syria | Following Takfiri terrorists' threat to demolish the shrines of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] and especially the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), many groups of Shi'a from other countries, especially [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Afghanistan]] went to Syria to defend the shrines of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and pilgrimage sites. Also, different groups from Iran went to Syria to defend the shrine, among which there were military counselors as well. | ||
== Expansion and Reconstruction == | == Expansion and Reconstruction == | ||
* According to reports, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was first expanded and reconstructed in [[768]]/1366-7 by Sayyid Husayn b. Musa Musawi Husayni | * According to reports, the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a) was first expanded and reconstructed in [[768]]/1366-7 by Sayyid Husayn b. Musa Musawi Husayni, a noble figure in Damascus and the forefather of [[Al Murtada]] in Syria. | ||
* In [[1302]]/1884-5, the shrine was rebuilt and expanded by Sultan 'Abd al-'Aziz Khan 'Uthmani and the support of merchants. | * In [[1302]]/1884-5, the shrine was rebuilt and expanded by Sultan 'Abd al-'Aziz Khan 'Uthmani and the support of merchants. | ||
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* Expansion of the shrine in [[1370]]/1950 was made by [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Allama al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] and with the support of merchants. At that time, the old building was destroyed and the new building was made so that the courtyard and the interior areas could be expanded. | * Expansion of the shrine in [[1370]]/1950 was made by [[Al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin|Allama al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] and with the support of merchants. At that time, the old building was destroyed and the new building was made so that the courtyard and the interior areas could be expanded. | ||
* The expansion of the Shrine of Lady Zaynab continued in the fifteenth/twenty first century by the construction of the Musalla (Prayer Hall) of Zaynabiyya. It was made by [[Sayyid Ahmad Fihri Zanjani]], the representative of [[Sayyid 'Ali Husayni Khamenei|Iran's Supreme Leader]]. After building Musalla in the shrine, performing [[congregational prayer]], reciting [[Kumayl Supplication]] and performing the [[Friday prayer]] are made there. Recently, a new courtyard has also been built in the north of the shrine. | * The expansion of the Shrine of Lady Zaynab continued in the fifteenth/twenty-first century by the construction of the Musalla (Prayer Hall) of Zaynabiyya. It was made by [[Sayyid Ahmad Fihri Zanjani]], the representative of [[Sayyid 'Ali Husayni Khamenei|Iran's Supreme Leader]]. After building Musalla in the shrine, performing [[congregational prayer]], reciting [[Kumayl Supplication]] and performing the [[Friday prayer]] are made there. Recently, a new courtyard has also been built in the north of the shrine. | ||
* Reconstruction of the shrine after the attacks of [[Takfiri]] terrorist groups: following the increase of Takfiri terrorist groups' mortar and suicide attacks to the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), some parts of the dome, courtyards and the gates were damaged. Therefore, the committee for reconstruction of Great Shrines | * Reconstruction of the shrine after the attacks of [[Takfiri]] terrorist groups: following the increase of Takfiri terrorist groups' mortar and suicide attacks to the shrine of Lady Zaynab (a), some parts of the dome, courtyards and the gates were damaged. Therefore, the committee for the reconstruction of Great Shrines considers the plan of repairing and reconstructing the dome and the gates of the shrine which had more damages. Thus, the damaged spots were repaired using the gold donated by the people of [[Khuzestan]] province. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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| featured article = | | featured article = | ||
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