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'''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''' (Arabic:{{ia|الإحتجاج على أهل اللجاج}}), best known as '''al-Ihtijaj''' (الإحتجاج ) is a book in Arabic written by Abu Mansur, [[Ahmad b. Ali b. Abi Talib al-Tabrisi]], the scholar of 6th/ | '''Al-Iḥtijāj ʿalā ahl al-lijāj''' (Arabic:{{ia|الإحتجاج على أهل اللجاج}}), best known as '''al-Ihtijaj''' (الإحتجاج ) is a book in Arabic written by Abu Mansur, [[Ahmad b. Ali b. Abi Talib al-Tabrisi]], the scholar of 6th/12th century. | ||
The book contains the arguments presented by the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[infallible Imams (a)]] and some of their follower against their opponents form various sects and religions. | The book contains the arguments presented by the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[infallible Imams (a)]] and some of their follower against their opponents form various sects and religions. | ||
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==Ascription== | ==Ascription== | ||
The author of '' | The [[Yusuf al-Bahrani|author of ''Lu'lu'at al-bahrayn'']] writes: "Some of the recent Shi'a scholars mistook in ascription of the book to [[Abu Ali al-Tabrisi]], the author of ''Majma' al-bayan''. Some of those who made this mistake are [[Amin al-Astar Abadi]] and before him, the author of ''[[Mashayikh al-Shi'a]]'' and before him, [[Muhammad b. Abi Jumhur al-Ahsa'i]] in ''[['Awali al-la'ali]]'' and also [[Qadi Nur Allah al-Shushtari]] in ''[[Majalis al-mu'minin]]''." | ||
==Cause of Writing== | ==Cause of Writing== | ||
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==Reliability of Its Hadiths== | ==Reliability of Its Hadiths== | ||
''Al-Ihtijaj'' is one of the reliable books among Shi'a scholars. The only problem of the book is that most of the [[hadith]]s in it are narrated as [[al-hadith al-Mursal]] and there is no chain of transmitters for them in the book. | ''Al-Ihtijaj'' is one of the reliable books among Shi'a scholars. The only problem of the book is that most of the [[hadith]]s in it are narrated as [[al-hadith al-Mursal]] and there is no chain of transmitters for them in the book. | ||
In the introduction of the book the author writes: "Except for those hadiths that I have narrated form ''[[Tafsir al-Imam al-'Askari (a)]]'', I mentioned all hadiths in the book without their chain of transmitters, because whether they are unanimously accepted or agree with our beliefs or are narrated in | In the introduction of the book the author writes: "Except for those hadiths that I have narrated form ''[[Tafsir al-Imam al-'Askari (a)]]'', I mentioned all hadiths in the book without their chain of transmitters, because whether they are unanimously accepted or agree with our beliefs or are narrated in ours and the opponents' books. I narrated the hadiths of the ascribed [[exegesis]] to [[Imam al-'Askari (a)]] by its chain of narrators: because these hadiths are not as famous as the other hadiths in the book." According to this paragraph, Shi'a scholars have relied on and accepted the hadiths in the book, although they do not have chain of narrators. | ||
==From Great Scholar's Perspective== | ==From Great Scholar's Perspective== | ||
Many of great Shi'a scholars, such as al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili in ''[[Amal al-amil]]'', [[Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Khwansari|Khwansari]] in ''[[Rawdat al-jannat]]'' and [[al-Khoei]] in ''[[Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith]]'', regarded this book as precious, good and very useful. | Many of great Shi'a scholars, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili]] in ''[[Amal al-amil]]'', [[Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Khwansari|Khwansari]] in ''[[Rawdat al-jannat]]'' and [[al-Khoei]] in ''[[Mu'jam Rijal al-Hadith]]'', regarded this book as precious, good and very useful. | ||
==Content== | ==Content== | ||
* Introduction: contains hadiths about prohibition of arguing and debating, and condemning them, and the cause of the writing the book; | * Introduction: contains hadiths about prohibition of arguing and debating, and condemning them, and the cause of the writing the book; | ||
* Arguments and debates from the Prophet (s) and the Imams (s) about the | * Arguments and debates from the Prophet (s) and the Imams (s) about the roots and branches of faith; | ||
* The event of [[Ghadir al-Khumm]] and [[Fadak]] and the arguments presented by [[Imam Ali (a)]], [[lady Fatima (a)]], other Imams (a) and other [[Sahaba]] about these two event. | * The event of [[Ghadir al-Khumm]] and [[Fadak]] and the arguments presented by [[Imam Ali (a)]], [[lady Fatima (a)]], other Imams (a) and other [[Sahaba]] about these two event. | ||
* Imam Ali's arguments with [[Mu'awiya]], the people of [[Syria]], [[Khawarij]], and [[Nakithun]] (those who violated the [[allegiance]] to Imam Ali (a)); | * Imam Ali's arguments with [[Mu'awiya]], the people of [[Syria]], [[Khawarij]], and [[Nakithun]] (those who violated the [[allegiance]] to Imam Ali (a)); | ||
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The book have been translated several times into Persian. | The book have been translated several times into Persian. | ||
Three commentaries have been written on the book: | Three commentaries have been written on the book: | ||
* The commentary written by Mulla Fath Allah Kashani | |||
* The commentary written by Mirza [[Abu l-Hasan al-Bahrani]] (d. 1193/1778-9) who was one of the great scholar in [[Shiraz]] during [[Zand dynasty]]. | |||
* The commentary written by [[Sayyid Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Husayni al-Mukhtari]]. | |||
==Manuscripts== | ==Manuscripts== | ||
* The manuscript kept in [[Astan Qods Razawi]] | |||
* The manuscript in Mulk Library. | |||
* A manuscript by the handwriting of Karam Ali b. Muhammad Baqir Kirmani Parizi Sirjani Mashhadi. This manuscript is written in Naskh in 1318/1900-1 and there are writings on its margins in Nasta'liq. This manuscript is kept in Mulk Library. | |||
* Another Manuscript kept in Mulk Library, by the handwriting of Muhammad b. Muhammad Ali Khavari in Naskh, written in 1069/1658-9. | |||
==Publication== | ==Publication== | ||
* In 1268/1851-2 in Iran. | |||
* In 1300/1882-3 In Iran. | |||
* In 1354/1935-6 in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]]. | |||
* In 1403/1982-3 in Iran. This version is a copy of the version published by al-Jawad Institute in [[Beirut]]. [[Sayyid Muhammad Bahr al-'Ulum]] has written a foreword on this version. | |||
The book is researched by Muhammad Baqir Musawi Khirsan. In addition to providing the address of the verses of the [[Qur'an]] and explaining the difficult words, he has written many useful comments including the biography of many figures mentioned in the text and hadiths of the book; also there are an index of the content of the book and an index of the glosses and comments. | The book is researched by Muhammad Baqir Musawi Khirsan. In addition to providing the address of the verses of the [[Qur'an]] and explaining the difficult words, he has written many useful comments including the biography of many figures mentioned in the text and hadiths of the book; also there are an index of the content of the book and an index of the glosses and comments. | ||